Symbolism of the renaissance sculpture: Aedicule of Sholts-Volfovych townhouse in Lviv

The specific conditions of architectural development in Lviv promoted the expansion of the Renaissance traditions in the architecture in the XVI century. The local traditions considerably influenced the classical forms as well as techniques suggested by the Italian architects. As a result, the architecture of Lviv had taken the peculiar features that reflected the character of an indigenous revival. A significant feature of a Renaissance townhouse in Lviv lies in its abundant decoration. as it was created according to the symbolic ideas and was filled with the philosophic content. The façade of Sholts-Volfovych apartment house situated in 23, Rynok Square in Lviv deserves special attention. The abundant exterior design includes the composition «Epiphany», located in the aedicule of the second floor. Using the principle of hermeneutics the article presents the author’s interpretation of a symbolic meaning of this sculptural composition, based on the Gospel texts and is connected with the Renaissance meditations about a human place in the world and his/her relationship with God.

Religious Architecture

This chapter provides a review of major developments in Byzantine religious architecture. During the long period of Byzantine history, ecclesiastical buildings manifested the highest societal aspirations both by their cultural importance and by their aesthetic qualities. The chapter offers insight into church plans as well as the variety of approaches to interior and exterior design. As written records addressing Byzantine building practices are almost nonexistent, construction techniques and elements of architectural styles are here noted as a testament to the various building practices in the Byzantine domain. Emphasis is also given to new methodological approaches that may contribute to further understanding of Byzantine religious architecture.

THE AGE OF DESIGN - HOW USERS PERCEIVE THE CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER WITHIN AUTOMOBILE GENERATIONS

The vehicle exterior design conveys a variety of visual information. Among these are the brand identity, assumed characteristics, and the vehicle's age or newness. While previous research focusses mainly on the first two attributes, we broaden the perspective by examining the age perception for vehicle model portfolios across brands.Information of age is embedded not only in branding but also in the entirety of a vehicle's exterior design features. Therefore, this paper examines how participants of a self-reported study perceive individual models inside successive product portfolios without typical branding. The stimulus patterns were derived from 12 different series of BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Audi and edited accordingly. A total of 67 models from the years 1968 to 2019 were presented and evaluated in terms of perceived age, model and brand recognition.The results show that most vehicles are perceived as newer than their actual age, successive model generations are clearly distinguishable and participants were able to sort all models in their correct chronological order. Finally, design-related age perception and knowledge-based age perception are introduced as possible underlying concepts of the visual perception of product age.

WHAT, WHY, LEARNING DESIGN

Learning is a process that takes place within a person that changes behavior in attitude, thinking, and acting. The term "design" is a word that is quite authoritative when coupled with other words. Graphic design, visual communication design, interior design, exterior design. Initially, we knew the word 'design, design, design'. In line with the socio-cultural development, this word is further judged to no longer fully cover the activities, science, breadth and prestige of the profession. There is another word 'design'. But even that word leads to engineering practice. The experts (market) then prefer to Indonesianize the original word design (English) into design. This may be more representative of branches of science, professions, study programs.

Discussion and Research on New Energy Vehicle Exterior Design Innovation

After entering the 21st century, with the intensification of environmental pollution and the increase in consumption of petroleum resources, the country has focused on the development of new energy sources from multiple angles in order to achieve the goal of energy conservation and environmental protection. In this context, auto companies are also committed to the research and development of new energy vehicles, and comprehensively optimize the design of new energy vehicles. Major automobile companies strive to increase the output and quality of new energy vehicles and create unique brands. This article will give an example to talk about the innovative scheme of the appearance design of new energy vehicles, hoping to provide a reference for the research and development of new energy vehicles.

Simulation and Prototyping of an Orbital Lightning Detector

The problem of detecting lightning flashes from space is becoming more and more important as the remote sensing of Earth, climatology and atmospheric physics develop. Orbital lightning detectors are designed both in Russia and abroad. The paper considers the problem of mathematical and physical simulation of a high-speed camera designed to observe lightning flashes from onboard spacecraft in low Earth orbit. Our previous works substantiated the exterior design of the lightning detector, computed its properties and described the algorithms behind the software. In order to validate the design results, we need to prototype the instrument. We describe the main problems of detecting lightning flashes as observed from space. We show a computer simulation method producing snapshots that takes into account the interference generated by the background and the photodetector. We studied the problems of recreating the target environment during prototyping of the lightning detector, accounting for the properties of the phenomenon observed, that is, the flash spot dimensions and the ratio of the background brightness to that of the lightning. We describe the principle of comparing these two types of snapshots (taken by the prototype and synthesised by the software) and compared the results of processing the images obtained. The results matched, which allowed us to validate the snapshot processing algorithm and confirmed that the lightning detector simulation method developed is correct