Field Performance of Ground Anchors in Taichung Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 1882-1887
Author(s):  
Shih Tsung Hsu ◽  
Wen Chi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Free Length ◽  
Fixed Length ◽  
Normal Distribution Curve ◽  
Ground Anchors ◽  
Deep Anchor

This research carried out field tests on nine vertical anchors to investigate their behavior in gravel of Taichung Basin. An anchor can be categorized as a deep anchor when the free length Z exceeds 8D (D is the diameter of the anchor). The shape of the heave on the ground surface of a shallow anchor is similar to a normal distribution curve. The extended diameter of the heave was between 170 and 300 cm, which could be divided into two zones, primary and secondary, based on the failure mode of the ground. As the fixed length of a shallow anchor increased, the extended diameter also increased. The ultimate load of an anchor increased with the free length and, to a greater degree, with the fixed length of an anchor: a fixed length of only 3 m (D = 0.12 m) generated an ultimate load of over 1100 kN.

Behavior of pressure-grouted anchors in gravel

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Tsung Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Free Length ◽  
Fixed Length ◽  
Normal Distribution Curve ◽  
Earth Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Deep Anchor

This study consisted of field tests conducted on nine vertical and three inclined low-pressure-grouted anchors to investigate their behavior in gravel. An anchor can be categorized as a deep anchor when the overburden depth (free length) Z exceeds 8D (D is the diameter of the anchor). The shape of the heave on the ground surface of a shallow anchor is similar to a normal distribution curve. The extended diameter of the heave was between 170 and 300 cm, which could be divided into two zones, primary and secondary, based on the failure mode of the ground. As the fixed length of a shallow anchor increased, the extended diameter also increased. The ultimate load on an anchor increased with the free length and, to a greater degree, with the fixed length of an anchor: a fixed length of only 3 m generated an ultimate load of over 1100 kN. However, the permissible load, determined from the creep coefficient, is inapplicable for short anchors in gravel. The earth pressure coefficient K of vertical anchors was approximately 29 and for an anchor shaft inclined at 25º it was approximately 17.7.

scholarly journals Application of Nursery Testing in Long-Term White Spruce Improvement Programs

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Kathy Tosh ◽  
Yill Sung Park ◽  
Michele S. Fullarton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Positive Assortative Mating ◽  
The Family ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Polycross-pollinated white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) families were evaluated in field and retrospective nursery tests in 1989, 1991, and 1992, respectively. Height growth was measured at age 10 for the field tests and at ages 1 to 6 for the retrospective nursery tests. Except for a few cases, the family mean correlations between nursery and field heights were significant for the 1989 and 1992 series, and their corresponding genetic correlations ranged from low to medium (from 0.37 to 0.74). Because of heavy noncrop competition, height growth in the 1991 nursery series showed consistently lower heritabilities and correlations with field performance compared with those of the other two series. Early nursery selection by theoretical prediction was generally efficient for the 1989 and 1992 series. Rank classification analysis indicated that application of early nursery selection should be used with caution for identifying elite families but could be used to cull inferior families or clones, apply multiple-stage selection, or perform positive assortative mating.

Design and Field Test of a New Compact Self-Propelled Cabbage Harvester

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Du ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Luxin Xie ◽  
Fanfei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Compact Field ◽  
Cutting Rate ◽  
Traditional Fields ◽  
Mechanical Harvester

Abstract. As a labor-intensive operation, manual harvesting greatly affects cost and therefore profitability in the cabbage industry. A new compact self-propelled cabbage harvester for small, separate fields was designed and field tested. This harvester included a crawler chassis, a picking mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a cutting device, and a leaf separator. Results of preliminary field tests showed that the harvester had good flexibility and maneuverability. Results of field performance tests showed that the harvester could pick cabbages with diameters of 15 to 25 cm, providing a harvesting capacity of 0.21 hm2 h-1 and a harvest loss of 10.2%. Compared with experiments conducted in traditional fields, harvest quality showed an improvement in fields with an experimental cultivation method. The harvest loss was reduced by 5.0%, while the picking rate and accurate cutting rate were improved by 3.0% and 5.4%, respectively. Keywords: Cabbage, Compact, Field test, Mechanical harvester, Self-propelled.

scholarly journals TEST OF AN ANIMAL DRAWN FIELD IMPLEMENT CART

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paolo Spugnoli ◽  
Alessandro Parenti ◽  
Piernicola Masella ◽  
Esteban Melani
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
The Mean

The field performance of a horse-drawn hitch cart equipped with a PTO system powered by the two cart ground wheels have been investigated. For this purpose field tests on clay and turf soil, with varying ballast and PTO torque, have been carried out pulling the cart by a tractor. Preliminary tests were aimed at assessing the traction capability of horse breed. These tests showed that the mean draught force given by two of these horses was 173daN, average working speed was about 1m*s-1, resulting a mean draught power developed by each horse of about 0.86kW. The PTO cart system performance has shown that the torque has not exceeded 2.4daN*m, maximum draught or PTO power was 1.15kW, rotation speed just higher than 400min-1, with mean efficiency of about 50%. These values are consistent with horse performance and small haymaking, fertilizing, seeding and chemical application machine requirements.

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Oil-Dispersing Chemicals

1969 ◽  
Vol 1969 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Murphy ◽  
L.T. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Limited Precision

Abstract A procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of oil-dispersing chemicals has been developed. Using the apparatus originally designed for the Navy specification for solvent-emulsifiers, test conditions were adapted to correspond more closely to typical environmental conditions. Test conditions having the greatest effect on dispersant performance included: type of oil, composition of salt water solution, degree of agitation of chemical/oil mixture, and the degree of contact between chemical and oil prior to agitation. Results from this modified procedure, the Simulated Environmental Tank (SET) Test, correspond well with results from simple field tests. Field tests have limited precision and reproducibility. This lack of a reliable index of field performance with which to compare laboratory results hinders refinement of standard test procedures. The SET Test, which produces results corresponding favorably with field performance, to the extent field performance can be determined, and which simulates typical environmental conditions, is proposed as a meaningful interim solution to this problem of dispersant evaluation.

Paper 8: The Dynamic Performance of Tractor–Implement Combinations

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
M. J. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Significant Difference

The dynamic performance of tractor-implement combinations is considered theoretically in terms of the changes in load, weight transfer, and forward speed arising from variations in implement working depth. Two tractors, one having a top-link sensing control system and the other having a lower-link sensing control system, were modified so that the driving wheels ran eccentrically, imparting a sinusoidal variation in working depth to mounted implements and field tests were carried out using mouldboard and chisel ploughs. The draught and vertical forces between the tractors and implements were recorded continuously during the test runs, together with implement working depth, tractor engine speed, and forward speed. Measured variations in draught correlated well with the variations predicted from laboratory measurements of the tractor implement-control system characteristics. It is concluded, therefore, that field performance can be predicted from standard test data if such measurements are incorporated. The theoretical analysis is used to suggest optimum parameters for implement-control systems. With fully-mounted implements, no significant difference was found between top- and lower-link sensing systems which were otherwise similar. Chisel ploughs were shown to be more difficult to control than mouldboard ploughs. Higher sensititivies would be required to retain control at higher working speeds and also for operating semi-mounted implements with lower-link sensing systems. Semi-mounted chisel ploughs are likely to be more easily controlled than fully mounted ones, but semi-mounted mouldboard ploughs would be slightly more difficult to control than fully mounted ones. A small dead-band in the response characteristics of implement-control systems is shown to have negligible effect on performance, and current maximum rates of lift are likely to be adequate for control purposes.

Numerical Study on the Effect of Twin-Tube Shield Excavation on Adjacent Pipelines

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1491-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
De Shen Zhao ◽  
Meng Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Stress Release ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Normal Distribution Curve ◽  
Numerical Result ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Based on Dalian subway line 2 from Chun-guang street station to Xiang-gong street station,the three dimensional finite element model was established using FLAC3D software , the shield excavated surface against the pressure, the stress release, the shield tail escape and grouting. The numerical result indicated that the pipeline displacement increases gradually with the advance of the tunnel excavation. When one-sided tunnel excavation is carried out, the largest displacement is located at the tunnel axis, the settling curve basically conforms to the normal distribution curve with the unimodal characteristic. The excavation of right-side tunnel is disadvantageous to the left-side tunnel. The analysis indicated that the pipeline is in a secure state. The work in this paper provided theoretical basis and the practical guidance to this project.

Field Performance of a Deep Multi-Strutted Excavation in Hangzhou Soft Clays

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 2324-2327
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Ying ◽  
Yong Wen Yang ◽  
Xin Yu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Soft Clays ◽  
Soil Clays ◽  
History Of ◽  
Creep Deformations ◽  
Surface Settlements

A case history of a deep multi-strutted soft clay excavation in Hangzhou is presented in this paper. What makes it particular interest is its three characteristics: large scale, deep excavation and very soft clays. The excavated area was about 99750 square meters. The depth of excavation was 12.85 m. 4 m below the ground surface located about 24 m very soft soil clays. Wall deflections and ground settlements were measured and compared with similar case histories worldwide. It was shown that the maximum horizontal deformations of the excavation was very large which this excavation reached to 220 mm. “Creep” deformations occurred apparently during the curing of the bottom slab of the basement. The distributions of the surface settlements seemed to be parabolic, and the settlement influence zone could reach to a distance of more than 2H, whereHis the final excavation depth. The ratio between the maximum ground settlement and the maximum horizontal deformation of the wall is about 0.6.

scholarly journals PEMODELAN DISTRIBUSI TINGKAT IMBAL HASIL INDEKS HARGA DI TUJUH BURSA ASIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Brady Rikumahu
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Financial Time Series ◽  
Laplace Distribution ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Financial Time ◽  
Normal Distribution Curve ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Return Distributions ◽  
Using Data

This paper examines the return distributions of 7 markets in the Asian region, namely Hongkong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Korea, Japan, Shanghai, and Singapore, to find out whether the return distributions in those markets follow a specific distribution. Using data from January 2000 to September 2009, the return distributions of each market were constructed and was first fitted to the normal distribution to find out whether or not each market behaves according to the standard theory of finance and investment – which stated that the financial time series follow a random walk – and thus would fit the normal distribution. The result of fitting the return distributions of the 7 markets to normal distribution shows that none of the return distributions follows the normal distribution as evident from the leptokurtic phenomena marked by the excess kurtosis compared to the normal distribution curve and also from the fatter than normal distribution tails and the existence of returns that lie outside the area predictedby the normal distribution.The return distributions were then fitted to a series of theoretical probability distribution. Each of the distribution was fitted to the theoretical. The results are: the Hongkong and Shanghai markets follow the Laplace distribution while the other five markets: Indonesia, Malaysia, Korea, Japan, and Singapore follow the Johnson SU distribution.

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