Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Oil-Dispersing Chemicals

1969 ◽  
Vol 1969 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Murphy ◽  
L.T. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Limited Precision

Abstract A procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of oil-dispersing chemicals has been developed. Using the apparatus originally designed for the Navy specification for solvent-emulsifiers, test conditions were adapted to correspond more closely to typical environmental conditions. Test conditions having the greatest effect on dispersant performance included: type of oil, composition of salt water solution, degree of agitation of chemical/oil mixture, and the degree of contact between chemical and oil prior to agitation. Results from this modified procedure, the Simulated Environmental Tank (SET) Test, correspond well with results from simple field tests. Field tests have limited precision and reproducibility. This lack of a reliable index of field performance with which to compare laboratory results hinders refinement of standard test procedures. The SET Test, which produces results corresponding favorably with field performance, to the extent field performance can be determined, and which simulates typical environmental conditions, is proposed as a meaningful interim solution to this problem of dispersant evaluation.

Paper 8: The Dynamic Performance of Tractor–Implement Combinations

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
M. J. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Significant Difference

The dynamic performance of tractor-implement combinations is considered theoretically in terms of the changes in load, weight transfer, and forward speed arising from variations in implement working depth. Two tractors, one having a top-link sensing control system and the other having a lower-link sensing control system, were modified so that the driving wheels ran eccentrically, imparting a sinusoidal variation in working depth to mounted implements and field tests were carried out using mouldboard and chisel ploughs. The draught and vertical forces between the tractors and implements were recorded continuously during the test runs, together with implement working depth, tractor engine speed, and forward speed. Measured variations in draught correlated well with the variations predicted from laboratory measurements of the tractor implement-control system characteristics. It is concluded, therefore, that field performance can be predicted from standard test data if such measurements are incorporated. The theoretical analysis is used to suggest optimum parameters for implement-control systems. With fully-mounted implements, no significant difference was found between top- and lower-link sensing systems which were otherwise similar. Chisel ploughs were shown to be more difficult to control than mouldboard ploughs. Higher sensititivies would be required to retain control at higher working speeds and also for operating semi-mounted implements with lower-link sensing systems. Semi-mounted chisel ploughs are likely to be more easily controlled than fully mounted ones, but semi-mounted mouldboard ploughs would be slightly more difficult to control than fully mounted ones. A small dead-band in the response characteristics of implement-control systems is shown to have negligible effect on performance, and current maximum rates of lift are likely to be adequate for control purposes.

scholarly journals A Microtester for Measuring the Reliability of Microdevices in Controlled Environmental Conditions

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Yunjia Li ◽  
Weitao Dou ◽  
Chenyuan Zhou ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Aijun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Test System ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Electromagnetic Vibration ◽  
Small Footprint ◽  
Humidity Range ◽  
Decoupling Algorithm

A miniaturized reliability test system for microdevices with controlled environmental parameters is presented. The system is capable of measuring key electrical parameters of the microdevices while controlling the environmental conditions around the microdevices. The test system is compact and thus can be integrated with standard test equipment for microdevices. By using a feed-forward decoupling algorithm, the presented test system is capable of generating a temperature range of 0–120 °C and a humidity range of 20–90% RH (0–55 °C), within a small footprint and weight. The accuracy for temperature and humidity control is ±0.1 °C and ±1% RH (30 °C), respectively. The functionality of the proposed test system is verified by integrating it with a piezo shaker to test the environmental reliability of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester. The proposed system can be used as a proof-of-technology platform for characterizing the performance of microdevices with controlled environmental parameters.

scholarly journals An Improved Generalized Method for Evaluation of Parameters, Modeling, and Simulation of Photovoltaic Modules

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Jha ◽  
Uday Shankar Triar
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Evaluation Of Parameters ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
Matlab Programming

This paper proposes an improved generalized method for evaluation of parameters, modeling, and simulation of photovoltaic modules. A new concept “Level of Improvement” has been proposed for evaluating unknown parameters of the nonlinear I-V equation of the single-diode model of PV module at any environmental condition, taking the manufacturer-specified data at Standard Test Conditions as inputs. The main contribution of the new concept is the improvement in the accuracy of values of evaluated parameters up to various levels and is based on mathematical equations of PV modules. The proposed evaluating method is implemented by MATLAB programming and, for demonstration, by using the values of parameters of the I-V equation obtained from programming results, a PV module model is build with MATLAB. The parameters evaluated by the proposed technique are validated with the datasheet values of six different commercially available PV modules (thin film, monocrystalline, and polycrystalline) at Standard Test Conditions and Nominal Operating Cell Temperature Conditions. The module output characteristics generated by the proposed method are validated with experimental data of FS-270 PV module. The effects of variation of ideality factor and resistances on output characteristics are also studied. The superiority of the proposed technique is proved.

Analysis of Stresses and Strains in Packed Stuffing-Boxes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kazeminia ◽  
Abdel-Hakim Bouzid
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Packing Rings ◽  
Leak Tightness ◽  
Side Walls

Packed stuffing-boxes are mechanical sealing systems that are extensively used in pressurized valves and pumps. Yet there is no standard design procedure that could be used to verify their mechanical integrity and leak tightness. It is only recently that standard test procedures to qualify the packing material have been suggested for adoption in both North America and Europe. While the packing contact stress with the side walls is predictable using existing models there is no analytical methodology to verify the stresses and strains in the stuffing-box housing. This paper presents an analytical model that analyzes the stresses and strains of all the stuffing box components including the packing rings. The developed model will be validated both numerically using FEM and experimentally on an instrumented packed stuffing box rig that is specially designed to test the mechanical and leakage performance of different packing materials.

scholarly journals Towards Standardising SHPB Testing - A Round Robin Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Reuben Govender ◽  
Muhammad Kariem ◽  
Dong Ruan ◽  
Rafael Santiago ◽  
Dong Wei Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Draft Standard ◽  
Shpb Test ◽  
Pressure Bar

The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test, while widely utilised for high strain rate tests, has yet to be standardised. As an exploratory step towards developing a standard test method or protocol, a Round Robin test series has been conducted between four institutions: (i) Swinburne University of Technology, Australia (ii) University of São Paulo, Brazil, (iii) University of Cape Town, South African and (iv) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Each institution prepared specimens from a metallic material, and provided batches of specimens from their chosen material to the other institutions. The materials utilised in this round of testing were commercially pure copper and aluminium, magnesium alloy and stainless steel (316 grade). The intent of the first exercise is to establish the consistency of SHPB test results on nominally identical specimens at comparable elevated strain rates, conducted by different laboratories following notionally similar test procedures with some freedom in data processing. This paper presents and compares the results of the first batch of tests for copper, identifying variations between results from different laboratories. The variation between different laboratories’ results for copper is suffciently small that there is confidence in the potential to develop a draft standard in future.

scholarly journals TINGKAT KEASINAN DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK TELUR AYAM RAS DENGAN WAKTU PERENDAMAN YANG BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Umbang Arif Rokhayati ◽  
Soegeng Herijanto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salty Taste ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Materials Used

The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic value of salty taste in eggs soaked in salt solution with different soaking times. The materials used in this study were 90 eggs, rubbing ash and crust salt (table salt). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed in this study were the organoleptic value and salinity level. The results showed that the duration of soaking eggs in a salt solution had a significant effect on the organoleptic value and salinity of the eggs (P 0.05) on the organoleptic value and the salinity level of the panelists preferred the results of soaking in a salt water solution with a long soaking time of 12 days.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document