Advances on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grassland Ecosystem

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3897-3900
Author(s):  
Jing Ding ◽  
Yu Lou Yang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Qing Shan Zhao ◽  
Jun Jie Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Production Mechanism

Grassland ecosystem is the main terrestrial ecosystem. It has become one of the seriously destroyed terrestrial ecosystems, and grassland greenhouse gases emission has a great influence on the global climate change. Nitrous oxide (N2O) in atmosphere is a member of greenhouse gases, and it plays an important role in circulation of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystem and constitutes a key method for nitrogen output. Based on domestic and foreign references, the aim was to overview the production mechanism and major influential factors of N2O in soil from grassland ecosystem. The major influential factors were soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic matter, grazing and reclamation. Finally, the paper concluded that N2O emission from grassland ecosystem was the result of the interaction of many factors.

scholarly journals Reduced resilience of terrestrial ecosystems locally is not reflected on a global scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Feng ◽  
Haojie Su ◽  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Shaopeng Wang ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience

AbstractGlobal climate change likely alters the structure and function of vegetation and the stability of terrestrial ecosystems. It is therefore important to assess the factors controlling ecosystem resilience from local to global scales. Here we assess terrestrial vegetation resilience over the past 35 years using early warning indicators calculated from normalized difference vegetation index data. On a local scale we find that climate change reduced the resilience of ecosystems in 64.5% of the global terrestrial vegetated area. Temperature had a greater influence on vegetation resilience than precipitation, while climate mean state had a greater influence than climate variability. However, there is no evidence for decreased ecological resilience on larger scales. Instead, climate warming increased spatial asynchrony of vegetation which buffered the global-scale impacts on resilience. We suggest that the response of terrestrial ecosystem resilience to global climate change is scale-dependent and influenced by spatial asynchrony on the global scale.

The Development on Production Mechanism and Influence Factors of CH4 Exchanging Flux from Grassland Ecosystem

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1874-1877
Author(s):  
Xiao Xin Zhang ◽  
Shuai Lv ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Yu Lou Yang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Production Mechanism ◽  
Main Contributor

Global warming is a hot issue that we concern presently, and methane (CH4) should be paid more attention as the main contributor. Grassland ecosystem, as the important carbon sink plays an important role in global climate change. This paper summarizes the mechanism of CH4production and analyzes the environmental factors and management factors which affect CH4flux from grassland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gases from Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. Zaman ◽  
K. Kleineidam ◽  
L. Bakken ◽  
J. Berendt ◽  
C. Bracken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Animal Excreta

AbstractThe rapidly changing global climate due to increased emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) is leading to an increased occurrence of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves. The three major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The major natural sources of CO2 include ocean–atmosphere exchange, respiration of animals, soils (microbial respiration) and plants, and volcanic eruption; while the anthropogenic sources include burning of fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, and oil), deforestation, and the cultivation of land that increases the decomposition of soil organic matter and crop and animal residues. Natural sources of CH4 emission include wetlands, termite activities, and oceans. Paddy fields used for rice production, livestock production systems (enteric emission from ruminants), landfills, and the production and use of fossil fuels are the main anthropogenic sources of CH4. Nitrous oxide, in addition to being a major GHG, is also an ozone-depleting gas. N2O is emitted by natural processes from oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Anthropogenic N2O emissions occur mostly through agricultural and other land-use activities and are associated with the intensification of agricultural and other human activities such as increased use of synthetic fertiliser (119.4 million tonnes of N worldwide in 2019), inefficient use of irrigation water, deposition of animal excreta (urine and dung) from grazing animals, excessive and inefficient application of farm effluents and animal manure to croplands and pastures, and management practices that enhance soil organic N mineralisation and C decomposition. Agriculture could act as a source and a sink of GHGs. Besides direct sources, GHGs also come from various indirect sources, including upstream and downstream emissions in agricultural systems and ammonia (NH3) deposition from fertiliser and animal manure.

scholarly journals Contribution of natural and anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere from the territory of Russia to global climate change in the 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
S. N. Denisov ◽  
A. V. Eliseev ◽  
I. I. Mokhov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
The Impact

Obtained the estimates of the contribution of anthropogenic and natural GHG emissions into the atmosphere from the territory of Russia to global climate change under various scenarios of anthropogenic impact in the 21st century. Accounting for changes in climatic conditions can strongly influence the indicators of the impact of various greenhouse gas emissions on the climate system, especially at large time horizons. Moreover, depending on the planning horizon, the role of the natural fluxes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from terrestrial ecosystems may change. Currently, terrestrial ecosystems in the Russian regions affect global temperature in both directions: absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere contributes to slowing its growth, and emitting CH4 into the atmosphere accelerates warming. The net effect of the natural fluxes of these greenhouse gases from the Russian regions in modern conditions helps to slow down warming. This net effect is increasing in the first half of the 21st century, and after reaching a maximum (depending on the anthropogenic emission scenario) decreases by the end of the century under all the considered anthropogenic impact scenarios due to an increase in natural CH4 emissions and a decrease in CO2 absorption by terrestrial ecosystems.

A coupled multi-proxy and process modelling approach for extraction of quantitative terrestrial ecosystem information from speleothems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Lechleitner ◽  
Christopher C. Day ◽  
Oliver Kost ◽  
Micah Wilhelm ◽  
Negar Haghipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Regional Temperature ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>Terrestrial ecosystems are intimately linked with the global climate system, but their response to ongoing and future anthropogenic climate change remains poorly understood. Reconstructing the response of terrestrial ecosystem processes over past periods of rapid and substantial climate change can serve as a tool to better constrain the sensitivity in the ecosystem-climate response.</p><p>In this talk, we will present a new reconstruction of soil respiration in the temperate region of Western Europe based on speleothem carbon isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C). Soil respiration remains poorly constrained over past climatic transitions, but is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle and its response to ongoing anthropogenic warming. Our study builds upon two decades of speleothem research in Western Europe, which has shown clear correlation between δ<sup>13</sup>C and regional temperature reconstructions during the last glacial and the deglaciation, with exceptional regional coherency in timing, amplitude, and absolute δ<sup>13</sup>C variation. By combining innovative multi-proxy geochemical analysis (δ<sup>13</sup>C, Ca isotopes, and radiocarbon) on three speleothems from Northern Spain, and quantitative forward modelling of processes in soil, karst, and cave, we show how deglacial variability in speleothem δ<sup>13</sup>C is best explained by increasing soil respiration. Our study is the first to quantify and remove the effects of prior calcite precipitation (PCP, using Ca isotopes) and bedrock dissolution (open vs closed system, using the radiocarbon reservoir effect) from the speleothem δ<sup>13</sup>C signal to derive changes in respired δ<sup>13</sup>C over time. Our approach allows us to estimate the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q<sub>10</sub>), which is higher than current measurements, suggesting that part of the speleothem signal may be related to a change in the composition of the soil respired δ<sup>13</sup>C. This is likely related to changing substrate through increasing contribution from vegetation biomass with the onset of the Holocene.</p><p>These results highlight the exciting possibilities speleothems offer as a coupled archive for quantitative proxy-based reconstructions of climate and ecosystem conditions.</p>

Climate Change and Its Impact on Terrestrial Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-157
Author(s):  
Banwari Dandotiya ◽  
Harendra K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Climatic Disturbances

This chapter provides a general overview of the effects of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystem and is meant to set the stage for the specific papers. The discussion in this chapter focuses basically on the effects of climatic disturbances on terrestrial flora and fauna, including increasing global temperature and changing climatic patterns of terrestrial areas of the globe. Basically, climate disturbances derived increasing temperature and greenhouse gases have the ability to induce this phenomenon. Greenhouse gases are emitted by a number of sources in the atmosphere such as urbanization, industrialization, transportation, and population growth, so these contributing factors and its effects on climatic events like temperature rise, change precipitation pattern, extreme weather events, survival and shifting of biodiversity, seasonal disturbances, and effects on glaciers are relatively described in this chapter.

Global Climate Change: Real or Myth?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
An Inconvenient Truth ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The One

We, the teeming billions of people on earth, are changing the earth’s climate at an unprecedented rate because we are spewing out greenhouse gases and are heading to a disaster, say most climate scientists. Not so, say the skeptics. We are just experiencing normal variations in earth’s climate and we should all take a big breath, settle down, and worry about something else. Which is it? A national debate has raged for the last several decades about whether anthropogenic (man-made) sources of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and other so-called “greenhouse gases“ (primarily methane and nitrous oxide) are causing the world to heat up. This phenomenon is usually called “global warming,” but it is more appropriate to call it “global climate change,” since it is not simply an increase in global temperatures but rather more complex changes to the overall climate. Al Gore is a prominent spokesman for the theory that humans are causing an increase in greenhouse gases leading to global climate change. His movie and book, An Inconvenient Truth, gave the message widespread awareness and resulted in a Nobel Peace Prize for him in 2008. However, the message also led to widespread criticism. On the one hand are a few scientists and a large segment of the general American public who believe that there is no connection between increased CO2 in the atmosphere and global climate change, or if there is, it is too expensive to do anything about it, anyway. On the other hand is an overwhelming consensus of climate scientists who have produced enormous numbers of research papers demonstrating that increased CO2 is changing the earth’s climate. The scientific consensus is expressed most clearly in the Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 by the United Nations–sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the fourth in a series of reports since 1990. The IPCC began as a group of scientists meeting in Geneva in November 1988 to discuss global climate issues under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program.

scholarly journals Technical Note: An efficient method for accelerating the spin-up process for process-based biogeochemistry models

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Qu ◽  
Shamil Maksyutov ◽  
Qianlai Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Abstract. To better understand the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon cycle and their feedbacks to the global climate system, process-based biogeochemistry models need to be improved with respect to model parameterization and model structure. To achieve these improvements, the spin-up time for those differential equation-based models needs to be shortened. Here, an algorithm for a fast spin-up was developed and implemented in a biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). With the new spin-up algorithm, we showed that the model reached a steady state in less than 10 years of computing time, while the original method requires more than 200 years on average of model run. For the test sites with five different plant function types, the new method saves over 90 % of the original spin-up time in site-level simulations. In North America simulations, average spin-up time saving for all grid cells is 85 % for either daily or monthly version of TEM. The developed spin-up method shall greatly facilitate our future quantification of carbon dynamics at fine spatial and temporal scales.

scholarly journals Impacts of Nitrogen Addition on Nitrous Oxide Emission: Model-Data Comparison

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Zhang ◽  
Minna Ma ◽  
Huajun Fang ◽  
Dahe Qin ◽  
Shulan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
N Addition ◽  
N2o Production

Abstract. The contributions of long-lived nitrous oxide (N2O) to the global climate and environment have received increasing attention. Especially, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has substantially increased in recent decades due to extensive use of fossil fuels in industry, which strongly stimulates the N2O emissions of the terrestrial ecosystem. Several models have been developed to simulate N2O emission, but there are still large differences in their N2O emission simulations and responses to atmospheric deposition over global or regional scales. Using observations from N addition experiments in a subtropical forest, this study compared six widely-used N2O models (i.e. DayCENT, DLEM, DNDC, DyN, NOE, and NGAS) to investigate their performances for reproducing N2O emission, and especially the impacts of two types of N additions (i.e. ammonium and nitrate: NH4+ and NO3−, respectively) and two levels (low and high) on N2O emission. In general, the six models reproduced the seasonal variations of N2O emission, but failed to reproduce relatively larger N2O emissions due to NH4+ compared to NO3− additions. Few models indicated larger N2O emission under high N addition levels for both NH4+ and NO3−. Moreover, there were substantial model differences for simulating the ratios of N2O emission from nitrification and denitrification processes due to disagreements in model structures and algorithms. This analysis highlights the need to improve representation of N2O production and diffusion, and the control of soil water-filled pore space on these processes in order to simulate the impacts of N deposition on N2O emission.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document