Effects of Different Micro-Catchment Mulching Methods on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Corn

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Jia Ming Zheng ◽  
Zhan Xiang Sun ◽  
Liang Shan Feng ◽  
Yu Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Period ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Film Mulching

The study on the effects of three unary and binary micro-catchment mulching methods including film mulching ridge and ditch plantation, film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching plantation and film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching straw plantation on growth of corn and different precipitation years was conducted in allusion to the low and unstable yield of corn in the western Liaoning province of China and in comparison with the traditional plantation model. Under the condition of this experiment, through film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching plantation and film-mulching ridge and ditch plantation, the time for seedling emergence of corn was shortened and the emergence rate of corn was increased. Through film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching straw plantation, the time for seedling emergence of corn was prolonged and the emergence rate of corn was increased in median water or dry years, but the emergence rate of corn was reduced in the high flow year. By contrast to traditional plantation model, film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching plantation and film-mulching ridge and ditch plantation boosted the increase in plant height and leaf area of corn and promoted dry matter accumulation in the early period of growth while the growth was slow, the plant height, leaf area and dry matter accumulation was always at he minimum value through film-mulching ridge and ditch straw mulching plantation in the early period of growth, but the growth rate was expedited in the late period during growth. Through film-mulching ridge and ditch straw mulching plantation, due to many reasons such as the growth process ahead of schedule and high temperature, the signs of precocity or premature senility come into being and leaf area and chlorophyll content decreases swiftly; through film-mulching ridge and ditch straw mulching plantation, the descent velocity of leaf area and chlorophyll content were reduced and the leaf senescence was postponed. In different precipitation years, the increases in water use efficiency of micro-catchment plantation were different, smaller in high flow year while larger in dry or median water year.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization with fluid swine slurry on production and nutritive value of Tifton 85

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Vielmo ◽  
Amadeu Bona Filho ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of liquid swine slurry on dry matter accumulation rate and nutritive values (crude proten and neutral detergent fiber) of Tifton 85 grass pasture cultivated in southwestern Paraná from October 2005 to March 2006. It was used a complete random experimental design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme composed of four doses of swine slurry in the plots (0, 80, 160 and 320 m³/ha) and four consecutive cuts in the subplots of the pasture. It was carried out two applications, one in the beginning of the experiment and other after 80 days. Cuts were performed every time pasture height was 40 cm. There was a dose versus cut interaction for all variables. Swine slurry promoted increase on dry matter accumulation rate only on the first cut after its application (cuts 1 and 3). Dry matter maximal yield (24.2 t/ha) was obtained at 249 m³/ha of swine slurry manure (143 and 106 m³/ha, respectively for applications 1 and 2), corresponding to 450 kg of N/ha. Percentage of crude protein increases and neutral detergent fiber of Tifton 85 grass decreases as dose of swine slurry increases, improving forage nutritive value. Use efficiency and nitrogen recovery rate decrease with addition of swine slurry doses.

Analysis of the effect of n fertilisation on the growth dynamics of winter wheat varieties using the hunt-parsons model

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
E. Sugár ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The effect of nitrogen (N) fertilisation on the growth of winter wheat varieties was examined in three diverse years using the functional method of growth analysis. The main plot in the two-factorial, split-plot experiment was the N treatment and the subplot the variety. The wheat varieties Mv Toborzó (extra-early), Mv Palotás (early) and Mv Verbunkos (mid-early) were treated with N rates of 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha−1 (N0, N80, N160, N240). The Hunt-Parsons (HP) program fitted a third-degree exponential function to the dry matter and leaf area data. In 2007 and 2008 dry matter accumulation continued up to the N240 rate and in 2009 to the N160 rate. In all three years the highest value was recorded for Mv Verbunkos (4.62 g plant−1 in 2007, 4.63 g in 2008 and 4.51 g in 2009). The highest value of maximum leaf area (237.5 cm2) was found for Mv Verbunkos in the N240 treatment. The maximum values of leaf area in each N treatment, averaged over years and varieties (cm2 plant−1), were as follows: N0: 86.2; N80: 141.0; N160: 164.0; N240: 173.1. The parameter AGRmean exhibited the highest value (8.04 g day−1 102) in the N160 treatment, while among the varieties Mv Verbunkos had the highest mean value (7.18 g day−1 102). The highest value of RGRmean was achieved by Mv Toborzó in the N160 treatment in 2009 (3.94 g g−1 day−1 102). The value of NARmean increased up to fertiliser rates of N160 and N240, with mean values (g m−1 day−1) of N0: 2.35, N80: 2.44, N160: 2.53 and N240: 2.47. The highest value of NAR (3.29 g m−1 day−1) was obtained for Mv Palotás in the N160 treatment in 2008. On average the greatest value of LARmax was recorded in the N160 treatment (172.8 cm2 g−1), while the highest absolute value (213.6 cm2 g−1) was achieved by Mv Toborzó in 2008. The unfavourable effect of the drought in 2007 was clearly reflected in the values of the growth parameters.

Single Leaf Carbon Exchange and Canopy Radiation Use Efficiency of Four Peanut Cultivars1

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
T. R. Sinclair ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract Knowledge of the interception of solar radiation by crop canopies and the use of that radiation for carbon assimilation is essential for understanding crop growth and yield as a function of the environment. A field experiment was conducted in 1990 at Gainesville, FL to determine if differences in single leaf carbon exchange rate (CER), canopy radiation interception, radiation use efficiency (g dry matter produced per unit of solar radiation intercepted), and increase in seed harvest index with time exist among several commonly grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Four cultivars (Early Bunch, Florunner, Marc I, and Southern Runner) were grown in field plots on a Kendrick fine sand (a loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Paleudult) under fully irrigated, intensive management. Total crop and seed dry matter accumulation were determined, and canopy radiation interception measured at weekly intervals. CER of uppermost, fully expanded sunlit leaves were determined at midday at 2-wk intervals. Single leaf CER's were similar among cultivars (25 to 35 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and relatively stable throughout most of the season, before declining during late seed filling. Although interception of radiation differed somewhat among cultivars during early canopy development, total crop dry matter accumulation was linearly related to the cumulative amount of radiation intercepted by all four cultivars (r2=≥0.99). Radiation use efficiency was similar among all cultivars with a mean of 1.00 g dry matter accumulated per MJ of intercepted solar radiation. The increase in seed harvest index with time was linear (r2≤0.94) and the rates of increase were similar among the Early Bunch, Florunner, and Marc I cultivars (0.0058 d-1), but lower (0.0043 d-1) for the later maturing Southern Runner cultivar. Results from this study indicated that the primary differences among these four cultivars were in early-season development of the leaf canopy and resultant radiation interception and the rate of seed growth, rather than the capacity to assimilate carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Effect Of Planting Geometry On Growth Of Rice Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Mahato ◽  
Bishnu Bilas Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Planting Geometry

A field experiment was conducted under humid subtropical agro-climatic condition of Nepal during rainy season of 2014. The experiment was laid out in to two factor Randomized Complete Block Design with  three replications consisting three drought tolerant rice varieties (Sukhadhan-4, Sukhadhan-5 and Radha-4) and four planting geometry (15 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm). The results revealed that the highest plant height and maximum leaf area index was recorded in planting geometry 15 cm × 10 cm in all growth stages. Whereas, planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm produced the maximum number of tiller m-2 in all growth stage.  While planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm produced statistically similar crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation in all stage of growth. Regarding the varieties, Sukhadhan- 4 showed highest plant height up to 75 DAT and plant height was statistically similar to Radha - 4 in 60 and 75 DAT. But maximum number of tiller m-2, leaf area index, crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation were recorded in Sukhadhan – 5 varieties. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 423-429

Organic Amendment and Soil Type Effects on Dry Matter Accumulation, Grain Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1322
Author(s):  
Joseph Ofori ◽  
Akira Kamidouzono ◽  
Tsugiyuki Masunaga ◽  
Toshiyuki Wakatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Influence of primed seed and varying seed rate on growth and productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) under different planting techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Kaur Jassal ◽  
Harmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Seed Rate

An experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of priming, different seed rate on growth and seed yield of soybean planted under bed and flat method. The study was planned in factorial split plot design, keeping two planting techniques (flat sowing and bed sowing) and two seed priming treatments ( non primed seeds and 100 ppm GA3 primed seeds) in main plot and three seed levels ( 50, 62.5 and 75 kg ha-1) in sub plot. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming on growth and productivity under different planting techniques with the use of varying seed rates. The results revealed that growth attributes viz. emergence count, plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and photosynthetic active radiation interception (%) was significantly higher under bed planting technique as compared to flat sowing method. The pooled seed yield was increased by 15.6 % in bed planted soybean crop as compared to flat planted crop. Soybean seeds primed with 100 ppm GA3 recorded significant results in all the growth parameters. Primed seed recorded increase in yield 15.3 % than non primed seeds. Seed rate of 62.5 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher emergence count, plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and photosynthetic active radiation interception (%) which was statistically similar in results with 75 kg ha-1 seed rate in both the two years. Pooled seed yield of 62.5 kg ha-1seed rate was 4.61 % higher than 75 kg ha-1 and 12.6 % than 50 kg ha-1 seed rate.

Effects of drought on leaf area development, biomass production and nitrogen uptake of durum wheat grown in a Mediterranean environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Giunta ◽  
R Motzo ◽  
M Deidda
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

A field experiment was carried out in Sardinia (Italy) on durum wheat to analyse the effects of different moisture treatments, irrigated (I), rainfed (R) and stressed (S), on leaf area index (LAI), radiation intercepted (Q) and water use (WU), efficiency of conversion of radiation and water into dry matter (RUE and WUE), nitrogen uptake and carbon and nitrogen partitioning in the above-ground part of the plant. In the period between beginning of stem elongation and heading, drought affected the maximum LA1 in the most stressed treatment (4.7 in S v. about 6.9 in R and I), but not Q and WU. RUE was also lowered by drought in this period (0.68 in S v. about 0.95 g MJ-1 in R and I) as a reduced biomass was recorded in S at heading (528gm-2 in S v. 777 g m-2 on average in R and I). In contrast with the previous period, the reduction in LA1 between heading and maximum ear weight (MEW) determined a significant reduction in Q and WU, WUE and RUE, resulting, ultimately, in notable differences in the total biomass produced until MEW (1203, 930 and 546 gm-2 in I, R and S respectively). The amount of stem reserves relocated to the grain decreased as the level of stress increased, going from 223gm-2 in I to 9gm-2 in S and was accumulated almost entirely (from 76% of the total in I to 100% in S), in the post-heading period. Nitrogen percentage was not affected by the treatments applied apart from the higher values in stem and flag leaf in S later in the growing season due to an inhibition of nitrogen translocation in S. The total nitrogen uptake was lower in S (12.3gm-2) than in I (16.6gm-2) only as a consequence of the different dry matter accumulation patterns. The importance of WUE in this type of Mediterranean environment is discussed, with particular concern to the key role of modulation of leaf area development through the growing season.

Nitrogen use efficiency characteristics of commercial potato cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
G. Tai ◽  
R. Tarn ◽  
H. de Jong ◽  
P. H. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Use Efficiency

One approach for reducing the contribution of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production to nitrate contamination of groundwater is to develop cultivars which utilize N more efficiently. In this study, variation in N use efficiency (NUE; dry matter production per unit crop N supply) characteristics of 20 commercial potato cultivars of North American and European origin were evaluated in 2 yr. Cultivars were grown with or without application of 100 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate banded at planting. The recommended within-row spacing was used for each cultivar and no irrigation was applied. Plant dry matter and N accumulation were determined prior to significant leaf senescence. Crop N supply was estimated as fertilizer N applied plus soil inorganic N measured at planting plus apparent net soil N mineralization. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased curvilinearly with increasing crop N supply. Nitrogen use efficiency was lower for early-maturing cultivars compared to mid-season and late-maturing cultivars. A curvilinear relationship was obtained between plant dry matter accumulation and plant N accumulation using data for all cultivars. Deviations from this relationship were interpreted as variation in N utilization efficiency (NUtE; dry matter accumulation per unit N accumulation). Significant differences in NUtE were measured among cultivars of similar maturity. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE; plant N content per unit crop N supply) and soil nitrate concentration measured at plant harvest were uniformly low for all cultivars when crop N supply was limited, but varied among cultivars when N was more abundant. This suggests that potato cultivars vary more in terms of N uptake capacity (plant N accumulation in the presence of an abundant N supply) than in terms of NUpE. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, N mineralization, dry matter accumulation, N accumulation, N utilization efficiency

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