Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of General Purpose Stainless Steel Archwire

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Aksarin Wasumetharatsamee ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Theeralaksna Suddhasthira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Offset Yield Strength ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Point Bend

Stainless steel has been used for orthodontic application and its properties have been continuously improved. The present study compares the mechanical properties of general purpose stainless steel archwire after heat treatment with commercial heat and non-heat treated stainless steel archwires (Highland, USA). The six parameters compared included: 1) maximum strength (MPa) 2) bending modulus (GPa) 3) bending stiffness (N/mm) 4) 0.1 offset bending force (N) 5) 0.2% offset yield strength (MPa) and 6) springback. The temperatures of heat treatment were 200°C, 250°C, 300°C and 350°C at various time duration of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Fifteen specimens were used for each of the 12 temperature/time settings to evaluate each parameter. An Instron Universal Testing Machine was used for the three-point bend testing and the diameters were measured by a micrometer. Of all 12 settings it was found that for the condition, 300°C at 10 min and 300°C at 20 min the mechanical properties were closest to the commercial (Highland, heat-treated) stainless steel archwire and appropriate for used in clinic.

Microstructure and Properties of Heat-Treated 440C Martensitic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hawa Mohamed Salleh ◽  
Mohd Nazree Derman ◽  
Mohd Zaidi Omar ◽  
Junaidi Syarif ◽  
S. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferrite Matrix ◽  
Rapid Quenching ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample

440C martensitic stainless steels are widely used because of their good mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of 440C martensitic stainless steel were evaluated after heat treatment of these materials at various types of heat treatment processes. The initial part of this investigation focused on the microstructures of these 440C steels. Microstructure evaluations from the as-received to the as-tempered condition were described. In the as-received condition, the formations of ferrite matrix and carbide particles were observed in this steel. In contrast, the precipitation of M7C3carbides and martensitic structures were present in this steel due to the rapid quenching process from the high temperature condition. After precipitation heat treatment, the Cr-rich M23C6carbides were identified within the structures. Moreover, a 30 minutes heat-treated sample shows the highest value of hardness compared to the others holding time. Finally, the tempering process had been carried out to complete the whole heat treatment process in addition to construct the secondary hardening phenomenon. It is believed that this phenomenon influenced the value of hardness of the 440C steel.

scholarly journals Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Hot Isostatic Pressed 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwal Chadha ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
John Spray ◽  
Clodualdo Aranas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Annealing Heat Treatment ◽  
Annealing Heat

In this work, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of an additively manufactured 316L stainless steel have been determined. Three types of samples were characterized: (i) as printed (AP), (ii) annealing heat treated (AHT), and (iii) hot isostatic pressed and annealing heat treated (HIP + AHT). Microstructural analysis reveals that the AP sample formed melt pool boundaries with nano-scale cellular structures. These structures disappeared after annealing heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing. The AP and AHT samples have similar grain morphologies; however, the latter has a lower dislocation density and contains precipitates. Conversely, the HIP + AHT sample displays polygon-shaped grains with twin structures; a completely different morphology compared to the first two samples. Optical micrography reveals that the application of hot isostatic pressing reduces the porosity generated after laser processing. The tensile strengths of all the samples are comparable (about 600 MPa); however, the elongation of the HIP + AHT sample (48%) was superior to that of other two samples. The enhanced ductility of the HIP + AHT sample, however, resulted in lower yield strength. Based on these findings, annealing heat treatment after hot isostatic pressing was found to improve the ductility of as-printed 316L stainless steel by as much as 130%, without sacrificing tensile strength, but the sample may have a reduced (40%) yield strength. The tensile strength determined here has been shown to be higher than that of the hot isostatic pressed, additively manufactured 316L stainless steel available from the literature.

SANDMEYER ALLOY 410 (UNS S41000)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Sandmeyer Alloy 410 (UNS S41000) is a general purpose 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel that can be heat treated to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties. This alloy possesses good corrosion resistance along with high strength and hardness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1316. Producer or source: Sandmeyer Steel Company.

Assessment of Mechanical Properties and Transformation Behavior of Locally-Made Ni-Ti Alloys Used in Orthodontics

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattiree Chiranavanit ◽  
Anak Khantachawana ◽  
N. Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Average Grain Size

Ni-Ti alloy wires have been widely used in clinical orthodontics because of their properties of superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME). The purpose of this study was to assess the mechanical properties and phase transformation of 50.7Ni-49.3 Ti (at%) alloy (NT) and 45.2Ni-49.8Ti-5.0Cu (at%) alloy (NTC), cold-rolled with various percent reductions. To investigate SE and SME, heat-treatment was performed at 400°C and 600°C for 1 h. The specimens were examined using an Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope (EDS), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Universal Testing Machine (Instron), Vickers Hardness Tester and Optical Microscope (OM). On the three-point bending test, the superelastic load-deflection curve was seen in NTC heat-treated at 400°C. Furthermore, NT heat-treated at 400°C with 30% reduction produced a partial superelastic curve. For SME, no conditions revealed superelasticity at the oral temperature. Micro-hardness value increased with greater percentage reduction. The average grain size for all specimens was typically 55-80 µm. The results showed that locally-made Ni-Ti alloys have various transformation behaviors and mechanical properties depending on three principal factors: chemical composition, work-hardening (the percent reduction) and heat-treatment temperature.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF THE HEAT TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 6201 ALUMINIUM ALLOY WIRE

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3A) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh Cong Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Machine Model ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Alloy Wire ◽  
Heat Treated

Type 6201 aluminium alloy wires are produced by drawing 4.7 mm diameter billet-on-billet extruded redraw rod down to 2.7 mm diameter wires. Before drawing, the first group of redraw rod coils was annealed at 480oC for 4 hours to reduce the hardness of the redraw rod. The second group of redraw rod coils was drawn without annealing. With each group of redraw rod, after drawing, some wire coils were solution heat treated, then artificially aged or naturally aged. The other wire coils were artificially aged or naturally aged without solution heat treatment. Mechanical properties of the wires were assessed by a tensile testing machine (model UTM-1000)With suitable aging temperature and aging time, wires produced from each group of redraw rod coils with or without solution heat treatment attain tensile requirements of ASTM B398, but wires produced with solution heat treatment attain higher elongation than wires produced without solution heat treatment.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Deformation Induced Martensite in Austenitic Stainless Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Aamer Nusair Khan ◽  
S.K. Mehmood ◽  
K. Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Texture Component ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Steel Aisi

Austenitic stainless steel with submicron gain size has been attracted due to fine structural control of mechanical properties. In order to achieve a submicron grain size, meta-stable austenitic steel AISI 304 is severely cold deformed and then annealed to different heat treatment cycles. The heat treated samples were then tested for metallurgical phase change, texture components and hardness. It was observed that at 750°C, all the martensite transformed completely into austenite. Further, at the same temperature, it was observed that the texture component {221}<232> was the dominant texture component.

ALUMINUM 319.0

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract ALUMINUM 319.0 is a general-purpose foundry alloy that is moderately responsive to heat treatment. It has excellent casting characteristics and good mechanical properties. Among its many uses are crankcases, housings, engine parts, typewriter frames and rear-axle housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-256. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

scholarly journals Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Grain Size, and Mechanical Properties of the Alloy-800H Rotary Friction Weld Joints

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Saqib Anwar ◽  
Ateekh Ur Rehman ◽  
Yusuf Usmani ◽  
Ali M. Al-Samhan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Alloy 800H ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Friction Weld

This study evaluated the microstructure, grain size, and mechanical properties of the alloy 800H rotary friction welds in as-welded and post-weld heat-treated conditions. The standards for the alloy 800H not only specify the composition and mechanical properties but also the minimum grain sizes. This is because these alloys are mostly used in creep resisting applications. The dynamic recrystallization of the highly strained and plasticized material during friction welding resulted in the fine grain structure (20 ± 2 µm) in the weld zone. However, a small increase in grain size was observed in the heat-affected zone of the weldment with a slight decrease in hardness compared to the base metal. Post-weld solution heat treatment (PWHT) of the friction weld joints increased the grain size (42 ± 4 µm) in the weld zone. Both as-welded and post-weld solution heat-treated friction weld joints failed in the heat-affected zone during the room temperature tensile testing and showed a lower yield strength and ultimate tensile strength than the base metal. A fracture analysis of the failed tensile samples revealed ductile fracture features. However, in high-temperature tensile testing, post-weld solution heat-treated joints exhibited superior elongation and strength compared to the as-welded joints due to the increase in the grain size of the weld metal. It was demonstrated in this study that the minimum grain size requirement of the alloy 800H friction weld joints could be successfully met by PWHT with improved strength and elongation, especially at high temperatures.

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