Synthesis of Cationic Bolaform Surfactant and its Application Performance of as Levelling Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
Jun Jun Zhang ◽  
Xiang Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Dye ◽  
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Kinetics And Thermodynamics ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Dyeing Rate ◽  
Acrylic Fibers

Dodecane-1,12-bis (oxy-2-hydroxy-propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (DBA2-12), which belongs to the cationic bolaform surfactants, was synthesized by two-step reactions in this study. The structure of the product was characterized by IR. The IR spectra showed the characteristic bands corresponding to the stretching vibration of C-N, C-O, and-OH groups. The influence of DBA2-12 on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the dyeing of acrylic fibers with cationic yellow X-5GL were investigated. The results showed that the bolaform surfactant had significant retarding effect for cationic dye, the dyeing rate constant and equilibrium dye-uptake was decreased, half-dyeing time was increased by the addition of surfactant DBA2-12. Meanwhile,surfactant DBA2-12 declined the partition coefficient,affinity and dye saturation value. It is concluded that bolaform surfactant DBA2-12 can be used to control dyeing rate of cationic dyes on acrylic fibers.

scholarly journals Inspection for supercritical CO2 dyeing of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) by kinetics and thermodynamics analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501988640
Author(s):  
Fang Ye ◽  
Guohua Liu ◽  
Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Laijiu Zheng ◽  
Huanda Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Kinetics And Thermodynamics ◽  
Activation Energy For Diffusion ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Eco-friendly dyeing by using supercritical carbon dioxide as a medium has already been investigated worldwide due to the advantages of dyeing without water and recyclability of dyes and carbon dioxide. In this article, dyeing mechanism of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) was investigated in supercritical carbon dioxide. The obtained results showed that the dye uptake of Disperse Red 60 increased moderately with the temperature raising at constant pressure and achieved dyeing equilibrium after 70 min. By adding the carrier, diffusion coefficients of Disperse Red 60 in the polymer increased significantly in supercritical carbon dioxide. The activation energy for diffusion of Disperse Red 60 with and without carrier was 1165.91 and 1050.66 kJ mol−1, respectively. Moreover, the distribution coefficient, the standard affinity, the standard enthalpy, and the standard entropy of dyeing were also determined in supercritical carbon dioxide. These fundamental data are of vital importance on the green dyeing production of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide).

Concerning the influence of inert gas adsorption on the infrared spectrum of OH groups on powdered silica

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1388-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Roth ◽  
M. J. Dignam
Keyword(s):  
Optical Model ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Band Area ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Orientational Distribution ◽  
Measured Change

McDonald's study of the absorption band at 3749 cm−1, due to the O—H stretching vibration of hydroxyl groups on outgassed powdered silica, revealed substantial changes in center frequency and band area upon adsorption of Ar. The main features of these changes are accounted for here using an optical model for porous adsorbent–adsorbate systems due to Dignam, Rao, and Roth. The possibility of using the measured change in band intensity on adsorbing an inert gas, as a general indicator of the orientational distribution of the adsorbed species responsible for the band, is noted.

Cellulose nanofibrils: a rapid adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 18204-18212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Hoong Chan ◽  
Chin Hua Chia ◽  
Sarani Zakaria ◽  
Mohd Shaiful Sajab ◽  
Siew Xian Chin
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
Dye Uptake

The effect of acid treatment towards the degree of defibrillation. Rapid uptake of cationic dye. Hemicellulose responsible for dye uptake.

Researches on Microwave Dyeing Cotton Fabrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ning Lei ◽  
De Li Gong ◽  
Xiao Rui Ling ◽  
Yi Dong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Orientation Degree ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Alternating Electric Field ◽  
Dyeing Rate

This experiment compared four different dyeing cotton fabrics processes with the reactive dye. It was found that under microwave irradiation dyeing, the dye-uptake and fixed percentage of the reactive dye were improved significantly and the salt and the alkali dosage in the dyeing bath were greatly reduced. Analysis found by XRD that microwave irradiation did not significantly change the internal structure of the cotton fibers and only slightly increased the orientation degree of them, so the tensile strength of the fabric was not significantly altered. Therefore, the main function of microwave in dyeing process was that its alternating electric field made the dye and the fiber molecule polarization, to increase the thermal motion of the molecules and the interaction between the polar molecules, thereby improving the dyeing rate and the fixing rate of the reactive dye.

scholarly journals Structure and physico-chemical properties of fibrillary collagen fabric modified by silicon dioxide and hyaluronic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
A. A. Gaidash ◽  
V. K. Krut’ko ◽  
A. I. Kulak ◽  
O. N. Musskaya ◽  
K. V. Skrotskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Natural Composites

The connective tissue sheaths of paravertebral tendons (peritenons) of white laboratory rats treated with silicon dioxide and hyaluronic acid were studied. It was found that peritenones are natural composites with orthogonal anisotropy with a developed system of interstitial porous membranes that regulate tissue hydrodynamic flows. The extracellular matrix of peritenons contains carbonate-hydroxyapatite and calcium hydroxide in the amorphized state. Silicon dioxide and hyaluronate form hydrophobic silicate and hyaluronate coatings of collagen fibrils (encapsulation), strengthen bonds in Amides I, II, III, reduce the intensity of the bands of bound hydroxyl and stretching vibration bands of phosphate groups, which indicates the replacement of OH groups with carbonate ions and the suppression synthesis of hydroxyapatite. A key mechanism for reducing the intensity of apatitogenesis is the encapsulation of collagen fibrils, accompanied by screening the centers of epitaxial interactions that are structured during heterogeneous nucleation of calcium phosphates. In SBF biomimetic fluid, the deforming effect of modifying agents is leveled, but hydration and decomposition of fibrillar collagen increase. Moreover, against the background of excess supply of exogenous phosphates and carbonates from SBF, apatitogenesis in peritenons is carried out mainly by the mechanism of homogeneous nucleation.

scholarly journals Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis study of the dyeing process of acrylic fabrics with basic dyes in presence of organic solvents

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
M. El. Batouti ◽  
N. F. Al Harby ◽  
A. M. Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Basic Dyes ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Acrylic Fibers

Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the dyeing process of acrylic fibers (Orlon) with basic dyes in the presence of small amounts of the solvents benzyl alcohol, butanol and 1-4 Dioxane are described in the present work. The dyeing affinity was measured using Gilbert and Rideal?s equation. Results show a close affinity on dye structure. The effect of increasing the dyeing temperatures from 80 to 95 oC as well as increasing the dyeing time over a range from 10 minutes to180 minutes was studied. Changes of enthalpy and entropy related to the process of absorption are calculated. The best thermodynamic conditions for dye uptake by acrylic fibers appear at the highest temperatures, when the standard free energy of absorption takes the most positive values. The mechanism of dye interaction with the fiber has been briefly considered. From the results, we find that the absorption of dye by acrylic fibers in the temperature interval investigated takes place with establishment of chemical bonds, although physical contributions of electrostatic nature between both the dye and the available sites in the fiber.

Dyeing Kinetics of Collagen Modified PAN Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Xue Min Hu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Moisture Regain ◽  
Pan Fiber ◽  
Dyeing Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Dyeing Kinetics

PAN fiber is one that contains at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile co-monomer in the polymer chain. It has low moisture-absorbency and electrostatic tendency. The moisture regain of collagen modified PAN fiber is increased. Dyeing kinetics of collagen modified PAN fiber was studied using Cationic Red X-GRL dyes, including dyeing rate curve, equilibrium dyeing uptake, half dyeing time, dyeing rate constant and diffusion coefficient. The results show that: compared with PAN fiber, the equilibrium dye uptake decreased, half dyeing time, dyeing rate constant and diffusion coefficient reduced, and the dyeing behavior of collagen modified PAN fiber become worse than that of PAN fiber.

Die freien OH-Gruppen in konzentrierten wäßrigen Elektrolytlösungen — eine Infrarot-spektroskopische Untersuchung an Polyelektrolyten

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zundel ◽  
A. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Sphere ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Thermal Rearrangement ◽  
Hydrogen Bridge ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Water Of Hydration ◽  
Stretching Vibration

We have investigated the hydration of polyelectrolyt films 5 μ thick. A band sometimes observed at 3615 cm -1 is to be ascribed to the stretching vibration of the free OH groups in the network of the hydrate structures. The intensity of this band shows us that the number of free OH groups in the network of the hydrate structure is the smaller, firstly the more the hydrogen bridge donor affinity of the OH groups of the molecules of water of hydration is enhanced by the interaction of the cations with water, and secondly the larger the hydrogen bridge acceptor affinity of the anions is. Comparison with the rate constants of the rearrangement of the molecules of water of hydration in the inner coordination sphere shows that the free OH groups are those temporarily freed in the thermal rearrangement.

X-ray and infrared investigations of a synthetic dioctahedral vermiculite saturated with alkali and alkaline earth cations

Clay Minerals ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmut Sayin ◽  
H. Graf Von Reichenbach
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cation Migration ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Cation Size ◽  
Alkaline Earth Cations

AbstractA synthetic dioctahedral vermiculite was saturated with Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, and examined by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy under various dehydration conditions. Cations which were larger than the ditrigonal hole (Cs, Rb, Ba) increased the b-dimension by forcing the oxygen triads open. With small cations the b-dimension decreased as a function of the residual water content rather than of cation size. The OH stretching vibration did not change in position, probably due to the inclined orientation of OH groups. The cations perturbed the lattice vibrations when they caused a change in the tetrahedral rotation angle, i.e. in b-dimension. With the small cations Be, Li and Mg, librations below 450 cm−1 shifted towards higher frequencies indicating cation migration into the empty octahedral sites.

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