Fusibility Characteristics of Slag from Fluidized-Bed Gasification of Jincheng Anthracite

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1317-1320
Author(s):  
Feng Hai Li ◽  
Zhen Zhu Li ◽  
Ming Jie Ma ◽  
Jie Jie Huang ◽  
Yi Tian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Slag Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Distribution Plate

To investigate fusibility characteristics of slag from Jincheng Anthracite (JC) pressurized ash agglomerate fluidized bed (AFB) gasification of Jincheng Anthracite (JC), the slag samples were examined by an ash fusion temperature (AFT) analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the AFTs of three kinds of slag are lower than that of JC greatly, and the AFTs of three kinds of slag decrease from the slag formed that on the central tube (SC) to distribution plate (SD) to inner face (SI), as a result of the increase of total base content and the differences in their mineral compositions accordingly. Not all slag during AFB gasification are composed of molten mineral matters. This can be explained that the phenomena that the slag formation during fluidized-bed gasification when the operating temperature is below the AFTs of coal.

CO2 Sorption-Enhanced Processes by Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds at Different Temperature Levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gallucci ◽  
F. Micheli ◽  
D. Barisano ◽  
A. Villone ◽  
P.U. Foscolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Sorbents ◽  
Co2 Sorption ◽  
Fluidized Bed Gasifier ◽  
Temperature Levels

Abstract The aim of this work is to identify solid sorbents for CO2 capture for coal and biomass syngas conditioning and cleaning by means of a sorption-enhanced reaction process. Hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs) were synthesized with and without K2CO3 impregnation. Samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) porosimetry after synthesis and after capture tests, respectively. Sorption and desorption tests were performed in a fluidized bed reactor, under cyclic conditions, at two different temperature levels: 350/450°C and 600/700°C. At low temperature only the Mg–Al HTlcs K promoted samples showed stability and sorption capacity comparable with literature values. On the other hand, results at high temperature indicate that the mixed Mg-Ca-Al HTlcs samples exhibit the best behavior with the highest sorption capacity (1.7 mmolCO2/g) almost stable over 5 sorption/regeneration cycles; furthermore, addition of steam allowed increasing their reactivity by 70% compared to the dry value. This type of sorbent could be a promising candidate to prepare a bifunctional sorbent–catalyst for sorption-enhanced processes, taking place directly in the fluidized bed gasifier, or downstream the reactor for adjustment of gas composition before further conversion in gaseous energy carriers.

An X-ray Diffraction Method for the Determination of Temperatures in Coke Reactions

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L. Johnson ◽  
Seymour Katz
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Slag Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extract Information

Information about the conditions and reactions in a foundry cupola is essential to understand the thermochemistry of a cupola and thus improve its efficiency. A potential source of such information is coke taken from inside an operating cupola. In the region of the cupola that extends from the melt zone to the taphole, coke is directly involved in important chemical processes such as combustion, gasification, slag formation, iron sulfurization, carbon pickup, and oxide reduction. Coke is also suspected of being involved in the transport of silicon to the liquid iron. Each of these processes produces characteristic physical and/or chemical changes in the coke, making it possible to extract information about the processes from an examination of coke pieces taken from within an operating cupola. A program to study such coke samples is in progress. To effectively interpret these data it is necessary to know the temperature history of the coke being examined, especially the maximum temperature attained by the coke piece in the cupola.

Transformation Behaviors of Mineral Matter in Lignite Ashes under Reducing Atmosphere

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 676-679
Author(s):  
Feng Hai Li ◽  
Jie Jie Huang ◽  
Yi Tian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Initial Melting ◽  
Gasification Technology

To optimize operational parameters of fluidized-bed lignite gasification technology. Experiments have been conducted with Huolinhe (HLH) and Xiaolongtan (XLT) lignite ashes to investigate the mineral transformation behaviors under reducing atmosphere by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the initial melted parts are primarily result from wustite interacted other minerals under reducing atmosphere. Wustite can react with aluminosilicate minerals to form some low-melting eutectic compounds, and lead to its initial melting temperature 200 °C below the deformation temperature. Mullite is formed at 1000 °C or so, and its content increases and then decreases with the temperature increase, and reaches maximum at 1200 °C. Gehlenite and anorthite come from the reaction between calcium oxide and mullite. Owing to the generation of some gases during mineral transformation under weak reducing atmosphere, many holes are formed on the surface of molten ash.

Ashing Temperature’s Impact on the Characteristics of Biomass Ash

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Ni Li ◽  
Qing Hai Li ◽  
Yan Guo Zhang ◽  
Ai Hong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Testing Material ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Ash Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
American Society

Currently, GB(T212—1996), the coal industrial analysis standard, and ASTM(E870-82) , the American Society for Testing Material, are two main methods of studying basic characteristics of biomass in China. In this work, nine kinds of biomass are burned to ash under two standard temperatures, 815°C(GB) and 590°C(ASTM), whose contents are then measured , composition analysed through XRF(X-ray fluorescence)and fusion temperatures tested by 5E-AFⅢ intelligent ash fusion temperature tester. As can be seen in the tests, biomass produced under different ashing temperatures differs in ash content and composition, and the variation of ash composition further contributes to the variation of ash fusion temperatures. The results of the experiments indicate that, ashing temperatures have a significant influence on ash content. The effect of ashing temperatures on ash composition tends to be higher in biomass with higher content of the element K. As with biomass with high contents of K and Ca, ash fusion temperatures are sensitive to the variation of ashing temperatures. As a result, when dealing with biomass of this kind, lower ashing temperatures should be chosen.

Fusion Characteristics of Ash Residues from Lignite Gasification

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2147-2151
Author(s):  
Feng Hai Li ◽  
Jie Jie Huang ◽  
Yi Tian Fang ◽  
Ming Jie Ma ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Fusion Point ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Temperature Analyzer ◽  
Point Detector ◽  
Mineral Type

Fusion characteristics of ash residues from Xiaolongtan lignite pressurized fluidized-bed gasification were investigated with ash fusion point detector and sintering temperature analyzer. The results show that the sintering temperature (Ts) and ash fusion temperature (AFT) of three ashes residues decrease from gangue ashes to agglomerate to slag, which result from the differences of mineral type and content in three ash residues, and the decrease of the total basic constituents increases the AFT. The formations of three ash residues during gasification are the interactions among mineral matter and their transformations under high temperature.

Evidence of formation of the tridymite form of AlPO4 in some municipal sewage sludge ashes

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (S2) ◽  
pp. S425-S435 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peplinski ◽  
C. Adam ◽  
B. Adamczyk ◽  
R. Müller ◽  
R. Schadrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Fluidized Bed Incineration

Evidence is provided that the tridymite component observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns of some sewage sludge ashes (SSAs) should not be interpreted as the tridymite modification of SiO2 but as the tridymite form of AlPO4. This proof is based on a combined X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Mossbauer spectroscopy investigation of two SSAs produced at two fluidized bed incineration facilities, located in different municipalities and operated differently. The structural and chemical characterization was carried out on the ‘as received’ SSA samples as well as on the residues of these two SSAs pretreated by leaching in citric acid. In addition, direct proof is presented that the tridymite form of AlPO4 does crystallize from X-ray amorphous precursors under conditions that mimic the huge heating rate and short retention time (just seconds at T ≈ 850 °C) typical for fluidized bed incinerators.

Particle Size Distribution and Structural State Analysis of Mechanically Milled Strontium Hexaferrite

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan N. Egorov ◽  
Svetlana I. Egorova ◽  
Viktor P. Kryzhanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Strontium Hexaferrite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Particles

Article presents an experimental study result of milling coarse strontium hexaferrite in beater mill with formation of magneto fluidized bed and without it. Magneto fluidized bed is formed by mutually perpendicular constant and alternating gradient magnetic fields. We studied the dynamics of particle size distribution from milling time and parameters of magnetic fields. Microstructure dynamics of strontium hexaferrite powder particles milled in various regimes was studied by X-ray diffraction methods. Milling efficiency and energy efficiency of milling process were studied in conditions with and without powder fluidization by magnetic fields. Analysis of experimental data showed advantages of milling in magneto fluidized bed in increased efficiency, particle size distribution homogeneity and powder chemical activity because of lattice micro-stresses.

XRD Studies on Transformation of Dolomite under CO2 and N2 Atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
Siti Sarahah Sulhadi ◽  
Maratun Najiha Abu Tahari ◽  
Salma Samidin ◽  
Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak ◽  
Muhammad Rahimi Yusop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Significant Chemical

In this study, dolomite was heated under CO2 and N2 gases using fluidized bed reactor from 85 °C to 835 °C. Dolomite under N2 atmosphere did not show any significant changes on its crystallite size, suggesting there is no significant chemical reaction. On the other hand, dolomite under CO2 atmosphere shows no significant changes on its crystallite size until it reaches high temperature (> 800 °C) where MgO started to be observed in X- ray diffraction. This shows that few chemical reactions started to happen in this reaction condition.

scholarly journals Sorption of Hydrogen Chloridein The Fluidized Bed Reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olek ◽  
Witold Żukowski ◽  
Jerzy Baron
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reversible Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bubbling Bed

Abstract Combustion of fuels, including renewable fuels and thermal treatment of waste (CFCs, pesticides), is associated with emissions of pollutants including halogens. The reversible process of sorption/desorption of HCl, in a fluidized (bubbling) bed reactor (BFB), during co-combustion of Cl-materials, was carried out. The thermal decomposition of methylene chloride (DCM, CH2Cl2) in an inert sand bed with the addition of the hydroxyapatite sorbent (HAp, Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) was investigated. The process parameters were as follows: temperature - 930 °C, the air excess - 1.3, stream rate of CH2Cl2 - 50 cm3/h. The concentration of HCl, CCl4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, COCl2 in the exhaust gases were monitored online with FTIR spectroscopy. The main chlorine product was hydrogen chloride. Samples of unprocessed HAp, taken from the bed during the process, and solid apatite residues were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The content of chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl) in the analyzed samples was respectively 11, 53 and 19 %. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed the molar ratio of Ca:P:Cl was: 1.00:0.36:0.01, 1.00:0.36:0.09, 1.00:0.37:0.04 respectively. The HAp could be used as an sorbent of the HCl(g) during combustion of materials containing chlorine.

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