Ashing Temperature’s Impact on the Characteristics of Biomass Ash

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Ni Li ◽  
Qing Hai Li ◽  
Yan Guo Zhang ◽  
Ai Hong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Testing Material ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Ash Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
American Society

Currently, GB(T212—1996), the coal industrial analysis standard, and ASTM(E870-82) , the American Society for Testing Material, are two main methods of studying basic characteristics of biomass in China. In this work, nine kinds of biomass are burned to ash under two standard temperatures, 815°C(GB) and 590°C(ASTM), whose contents are then measured , composition analysed through XRF(X-ray fluorescence)and fusion temperatures tested by 5E-AFⅢ intelligent ash fusion temperature tester. As can be seen in the tests, biomass produced under different ashing temperatures differs in ash content and composition, and the variation of ash composition further contributes to the variation of ash fusion temperatures. The results of the experiments indicate that, ashing temperatures have a significant influence on ash content. The effect of ashing temperatures on ash composition tends to be higher in biomass with higher content of the element K. As with biomass with high contents of K and Ca, ash fusion temperatures are sensitive to the variation of ashing temperatures. As a result, when dealing with biomass of this kind, lower ashing temperatures should be chosen.

A Thermodynamically Based Model for Ash Fusion Temperature

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Rhinehart ◽  
A. A. Attar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Ash Composition ◽  
Parameter Correlation ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

This paper describes a thermodynamically based correlation between coal ash fusion temperatures and ash composition. A wide range of data from the literature was used to obtain the values of model parameters. A seven-parameter correlation is proposed which permits predicting the ash fusion temperature with a standard error ± 65°C or better.

Fusibility Characteristics of Slag from Fluidized-Bed Gasification of Jincheng Anthracite

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1317-1320
Author(s):  
Feng Hai Li ◽  
Zhen Zhu Li ◽  
Ming Jie Ma ◽  
Jie Jie Huang ◽  
Yi Tian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Slag Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Distribution Plate

To investigate fusibility characteristics of slag from Jincheng Anthracite (JC) pressurized ash agglomerate fluidized bed (AFB) gasification of Jincheng Anthracite (JC), the slag samples were examined by an ash fusion temperature (AFT) analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the AFTs of three kinds of slag are lower than that of JC greatly, and the AFTs of three kinds of slag decrease from the slag formed that on the central tube (SC) to distribution plate (SD) to inner face (SI), as a result of the increase of total base content and the differences in their mineral compositions accordingly. Not all slag during AFB gasification are composed of molten mineral matters. This can be explained that the phenomena that the slag formation during fluidized-bed gasification when the operating temperature is below the AFTs of coal.

Ash Composition Influence on Fusibility of Coal Ash

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 3009-3012
Author(s):  
Na Gao ◽  
Sheng Hua Liu ◽  
Yan Hong Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Basic Oxide ◽  
Ash Composition ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature

The coal of Zichang was selected as the sample coal, the physical properties of the ash is analyzed with ICP-AES. The ash fusion temperature was researched by adding different basic oxide contents. The results show that the general trend is decrease firstly, and then increase when adding basic oxides. Blended ash fusion temperatures do not change linearly with blending ratios and ash fusion will decrease when adding the contents of CaO, Na2O and MgO, but the effect is different. Na2O is best and CaO is second. Mineral composition and type at addition oxides were determined by XRD analysis. Some combinations of component coals mineral produce eutectic minerals at high temperature;It can explain the reason of oxides decrease the ash fusion. Vitreous minerals are formed to explain increase the fusion temperature.

scholarly journals A Model for Predicting Arsenic Volatilization during Coal Combustion Based on the Ash Fusion Temperature and Coal Characteristic

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Geng Chen ◽  
Zijiang Xiong ◽  
Linbo Qin ◽  
Wangsheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Calculation ◽  
Arsenic Distribution ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Coal Type

Arsenic emission from coal combustion power plants has attracted increasing attention due to its high toxicity. In this study, it was found that there was a close relationship between the ash fusion temperature (AFT) and arsenic distribution based on the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. In addition to the AFT, coal characteristics and combustion temperature also considerably affected the distribution and morphology of arsenic during coal combustion. Thus, an arsenic volatilization model based on the AFT, coal type, and combustion temperature during coal combustion was developed. To test the accuracy of the model, blending coal combustion experiments were carried out. The experimental results and published data proved that the developed arsenic volatilization model can accurately predict arsenic emission during co-combustion, and the errors of the predicted value for bituminous and lignite were 2.3–9.8%, with the exception of JingLong (JL) coal when combusted at 1500 °C.

scholarly journals Influence of the Nb and V Addition on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of the Fe-B-Co-Si Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4045
Author(s):  
Rafał Mech ◽  
Jolanta Gąsiorek ◽  
Amadeusz Łaszcz ◽  
Bartosz Babiarczuk
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Final Performance ◽  
Differential Calorimeter ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Scanning Electron

The paper presents a comparison of the results of the corrosion resistance for three Fe-B-Co-Si-based newly developed alloys with the addition of Nb and V. The corrosion performance differences and microstructure variations were systematically studied using scanning electron microscope, electric corrosion equipment, X-ray diffractometer, and differential calorimeter. It has been shown that each alloying addition increased the corrosion resistance. The highest corrosion resistance obtained by potentiodynamic polarization was found for the alloy with both Nb and V addons (Fe57Co10B20Si5Nb4V4) and lowest in the case of the basic four-element Fe62Co15B14Si9 material. This shows that the proper choice of additions is of significant influence on the final performance of the alloy and allows tailoring of the material for specific applications.

American Society for X‐Ray and Electron Diffraction

1942 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
H. A. B. ◽  
G. H. B.
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
American Society

From Multi-Industry Planning to Keynesian Planning: Gardiner Means, the American Keynesians, and National Economic Planning at the National Resources Committee

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
World War ◽  
National Planning ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
American Society ◽  
Industry Planning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
American Economy

In recent years we have witnessed a revival of interest in the National Resources Committee (NRC) and its work on national planning. The research shows that the roots of national planning at the NRC are found in the Progressive Era, when individuals sought, through city, regional, and economic planning, to bring order to American society, in the government's management of the economy during World War I, and in Hoover's attempt at macromanagement of the economy. The research also shows that national economic planning, as distinct from other forms of planning, was an important component of the committee's work. In regard to this, researchers have acknowledged that Gardiner Means, as director of the Industrial Section of the Industrial Committee and author of The Structure of the American Economy, Part I: Basic Characteristics, was an important and outspoken advocate of economic planning within the NRC, but they have been less clear as to his specific contributions to economic planning. Moreover, the researchers have not extensively investigated the NRC position toward national economic planning, the economic models from which national economic plans would be developed, and the impact of the Keynesian revolution on the NRC approach to national economic planning. These omissions are not surprising inasmuch as neither Warken's (1979) nor Clawson's (1981) general coverage of the NRC provided much more than a brief and superficial description of the Industrial Section and a listing of its most important publications. Kalish (1963), on the other hand, discussed Means and the Industrial Section in more depth but in such a disjointed manner that it is impossible to grasp the movement toward economic planning that took place in the NRC and the important role Means played in the process. Finally, neither Chapman's (1981 and 1983) nor Jeffries's (1987) discussions of the impact of the Keynesian revolution on the activities of the NRC dealt specifically with its impact on Means's work on economic planning.

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