Change of Leaf Morphology along Altitudinal Gradients

2013 ◽  
Vol 843 ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Kong ◽  
Rou Xi Chen ◽  
Ji Huan He ◽  
Lu Feng Mo
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
Morphology Change ◽  
Sem Study

It is the most effective way to study the effect of global warming on plant morphology by analyzing a plant species on a mount along altitudinal gradients. Altitudinal increase means decrease of temperature and metabolic rate as well. This might affect the leaf morphology greatly. The SEM study reveals that the size of nanopore on the epidermis changes gradually along altitudinal gradients, and the absorbed fine particles on the leaf have almost same size, exhibiting high selectivity over other particles. The study gives a strong proof that morphology change links to global warming.

Highly Selective Adsorption of Plants' Leaves on Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Kong ◽  
Ji Huan He ◽  
Rou Xi Chen ◽  
Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Geometrical Structure ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lotus Leaf ◽  
Artificial Materials ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Main Factor

Adsorption of fine particles in air by a leaf is studied experimentally. It is found that each leaf can absorb only a kind of particles with almost same size, and it also exhibits high selectivity over other particles. The SEM study reveals that the size of nanopore on the epidermis is a main factor of the highly selective adsorption; the smaller nanopores can absorb larger nanoparticles in air. The morphology of a lotus leaf, which is waterproof and dustproof, has, on the other hand, many short nanofibrils instead of nanopores. It is concluded that the nanoscale geometrical structure of a surface affects its attraction/repulsion property. The experiment also shows that one square millimeter surface with nanopores in diameter of 18 nm can absorb 2 million nanoparticles of about 200 nm in diameter from air in 24 hours. A better understanding of the adsorption/repulsion mechanism could help the further design of bio-mimetic waterproof/dustproof artificial materials and artificial porous materials/fabrics/nonwovens for adsorption of nanoparticles in air.

scholarly journals Development of Herbarium Book as Biology Instructional Media in Plant Morphology Subject for Biology Education Undergraduate Students, University of Pasir Pangaraian

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Dahlia Dahlia
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
Large Groups

The development of instructional especially media of a herbarium book is an innovation that aims to assist students in searching directly the object of leaf morphology studies. This development research starts from the needs analysis stage which is used to gather information, planning in media making, media design, media making, after that product validation by a team of media experts and material experts, then testing individual products, small groups and large groups. The subject of this product testing were students of the Biology Education Study Program at Pasir Pengaraian University. The results of the validation by the material experts showed that the quality of learning media using the herbarium book on leaf morphology material was included in the "very feasible" criteria, with an average score of 86.46%. The results of validation by media experts are included in the "very feasible" criteria, with an average score of 88.54%. Individual assessment obtained the criteria of "very feasible", with an average score of 84.16%. Judgement from small groups obtained a percentage of eligibility of 81.45% with very feasible criteria, and judgement from large groups of 83.95% with "very feasible" criteria. The results of the development of herbarium book media are very decent.

scholarly journals A 10-year decrease in plant species richness on a neotropical inselberg: detrimental effects of global warming?

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2360-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILE FONTY ◽  
CORINNE SARTHOU ◽  
DENIS LARPIN ◽  
JEAN-FRANÇOIS PONGE
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness

scholarly journals Results of study on immunotropic activity of immune supporting drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Gurbadam Baatarkhuyag ◽  
Bayartogtokh Bataa ◽  
Gereltuya Jagj ◽  
Delgermurun Dugar ◽  
Bolormaa Pelden
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunotropic Activity ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
Medical Plants

In recent years, there have been negative developments such as deforestation, overgrazing, and loss of plant species due to the mining and pasture misuse, and global warming. Due to this, the immunity of Mongolian livestock has been decreasing. The uses of immunosuppressive drugs is limited in the veterinary practice. The aim of this study, the technology of 3 types of drugs prepared from the different type of medical plants and their immunotropic activity was tested in the laboratory animals. In the result, the immunotropic activity of 1th group preparation /SL (50), AS (30) and OPG (20)/ was higher than control group and also other group preparation.    Дархлаа тэтгэх үйлдэлтэй эмийн бэлдмэлийн иммунотроп үйлдлийг судалсан дүн Сүүлийн жилүүдэд уул уурхайн олборлолт, бэлчээрийг зөв зохистой ашиглахгүй байх, дэлхийн цаг агаарын дулаарал зэрэгтэй холбоотойгоор бэлчээр хомсдох, талхлагдах, ургамлын төрөл, зүйлийн тоо хомсдох зэрэг сөрөг үзэгдэл ажиглагдах боллоо. Үүнээс шалтгаалан монгол малын тэсвэрт чанар нь алдагдах, дархлаа буурах үндэс болж байна. Дархлаа тэтгэх үйлчилгээтэй эм бэлдмэлийн хэрэглээ мал эмнэлгийн практикт хязгаарлагдмал байна. Иймд энэхүү судалгааны ажлын хүрээнд бид ургамлын гаралтай шинэ эмийн технологи боловсруулж түүний иммунотроп идэвхийг судлан тогтоолоо. Судалгааны дүнд ургамлын гаралтай өөр өөр найрлага бүхий 3 төрлийн эмийн бэлдмэлийн технологи боловсруулж тэдгээрийн иммунотроп идэвхийг лабоарторийн амьтанд туршиж үзэхэд   Хувилбар 1 буюу I бүлгийн бэлдмэлийн иммунотроп идэвх ШБ (50) : СНШ (30) : ХБО (20) туршилтын нийт хугацаанд хяналттай харьцуулахад туршилтын хулганы дэлүүний жинг нь 2 дахин, дэлүүний эсийн тоог 1,5 дахин, дэлүүний индексийг 1,5 дахин тус тус нэмэгдүүлж бусад бүлгийн бэлдмэлүүдээс дархлалын урвалын эрчимжилтийг илүү дэмждэг болохыг тогтоолоо. Түлхүүр үг: шинэсэрхүү бударгана, сантолин навчит шарилж, хуурмаг булчирхайт ортууз, эмийн технологи, хорон чанар, иммунотроп идэвх  

scholarly journals The microstructure investigation of plant architecture with X-ray microscopy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Zhang ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Ting La ◽  
Philipp Alexander Bastians ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, the plant morphology has been well studied by multiple approaches at cellular and subcellular levels. Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy techniques offer imaging of plant structures on a wide range of magnifications for researchers. However, subcellular imaging is still challenging in plant tissues like roots and seeds.ResultsHere we use a three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology based on the ZEISS X-ray microscope (XRM) Versa and analyze several plant tissues from different plant species. The XRM provides new insights into plant structures using non-destructive imaging at high-resolution and high contrast. We also developed a workflow aiming to acquire accurate and high-quality images in the context of the whole specimen. Multiple plant samples including rice, tobacco, Arabidopsis and maize were used to display the differences of phenotypes, which indicates that the XRM is a powerful tool to investigate plant microstructure.ConclusionsOur work provides a novel observation method to evaluate and quantify tissue specific differences for a range of plant species. This new tool is suitable for non-destructive seed observation and screening.

Altitudinal Gradients Affecting Floristic Diversity in Shingan Valley of Rakchham-Chitkul Wildlife Sanctuary District Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
R. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
Polygonatum Verticillatum ◽  
Betula Utilis ◽  
Heracleum Lanatum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Herb Species

A study to understand and assess the impact of altitudinal gradients on the floristic diversity in Shingan valley falling in Rakchham-Chitkul Wildlife Sanctuary district Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh was carried out during the year 2008. The altitudinal gradient in the present case varied from 2800m to 4300m above msl. Total number of plant species as recorded was 118 belonging to 46 families and 87 genera. The dominant families registered were Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Ranunculaceae and Ploygonaceae. The number of tree species was 11 and 4 with the dominance of Pinus wallichiana and Betula utilis at 2800-3300m and 3300-3800m elevation respectively. The number of shrub species was 15, 13 and 6 with the dominance of Salix fragilis, Juniperus indica and Rhododendron anthopogon at the elevation of 2800-3300m, 3300-3800m and 3800-4300m. The number of herbs species was 63, 55 and 40 at 2800-3300m, 3300-3800m and 3800-4300m elevation respectively. Caltha palustris, Anaphalis triplinervis and Thymus linearis were the dominant shrub at these elevations respectively. The distribution pattern of species was mostly contiguous in all the altitude ranges. Index of diversity for herb species in different elevations ranges was 3.75, 3.66 and 3.44 for 2800-3300m 3300-3800m and 3800-4300m elevation respectively. Out of the 58 medicinal plant species as recorded from the valley, 14 species like Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Angelica glauca, Betula utilis, Podophyllum hexandrum, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Rheum australe, Taxus wallichiana, Heracleum lanatum, Polygonatum verticillatum, Rheum webbianum , Rhodiola heterodonta, Rhododendron anthopogon, Rhododendron campanulatum, Rhododendron lepidotum etc. fall in the category of threatened plants as per IUCN categorization.

scholarly journals Water-repellent plant surface structure induced by gall-forming insects for waste management

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 20180470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keigo Uematsu ◽  
Mayako Kutsukake ◽  
Takema Fukatsu
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
High Water ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Unique Type

Many animals and plants have evolved elaborate water-repellent microstructures on their surface, which often play important roles in their ecological adaptation. Here, we report a unique type of water-repellent structure on a plant surface, which develops as an insect-induced plant morphology in a social context. Some social aphids form galls on their host plant, in which they produce large amounts of hydrophobic wax. Excreted honeydew is coated by the powdery wax to form ‘honeydew balls’, which are actively disposed by soldier nymphs through an opening on their gall. These activities are enabled by a highly water-repellent inner gall surface, and we discovered that this surface is covered with dense trichomes that are not found on normal plant surfaces. The trichomes are coated by fine particles of the insect-produced wax, thereby realizing a high water repellency with a cooperative interaction between aphids and plants. The plant leaves on which the gall is formed often exhibit patchy areas with dense trichomes, representing an ectopic expression of the insect-induced plant morphology. In the pouch-shaped closed galls of a related social aphid species, by contrast, the inner surface was not covered with trichomes. Our findings provide a convincing example of how the extended phenotype of an animal, expressed in a plant, plays a pivotal role in maintaining sociality.

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