Study on Pharmaceutical Wastewater Pretreated by Chemical Coagulation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Yong Gang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Pharmaceutical Factory ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Coagulant Dosage

This study took three factors three levels orthogonal experiment scheme and chose PAM as the coagulant, pretreated a pharmaceutical factory wastewater by chemical coagulation method, and the results indicated: when coagulant dosage was 50 mg/L, pH was 5 and mixing time was 20 minutes, the removal efficiency of SO42- and COD could be 39.0% and 72.5% respectively. The water quality could meet the requirements of the subsequent treatment processes.

Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Sodom Apple (Calotropis procera) - Aided Tamarind Seed as a Coagulant

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Saidat Olanipekun Giwa ◽  
Danladi Yakubu Said ◽  
Mustapha Danladi Ibrahim ◽  
Abdulwahab Giwa
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Sodom Apple ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Water contamination seems unavoidable as many human activities involve the use of water in one way or the other. Chemical coagulants, especially aluminium based, which are widely used in treatment of wastewater or contaminated water have been associated with some health issues. Research on the use of plant based coagulants in water treatment now draws a lot of attentions, not only because the natural coagulants are presumed safe but also because of their biodegradable nature. In this present study, efforts have been made to evaluate the effectiveness of locally available tamarind seed powder as natural coagulant and Sodom apple (Calotropis procera) as coagulant aid for the treatment of textile wastewater. The tests were carried out using the conventional jar test apparatus at various pH and coagulant dosage with no aid added. Also, three sets of jar test experiments were performed at constant values of coagulant dosage and pH (which were found to be favourable in the first experiments) by varying the dosage of liquid and solid coagulant aid as well as time. The results obtained show that pH slightly affected the pollutants removal efficiency of the unaided coagulation. The neutral pH was found to be favourable with turbidity and colour removal of 22.25% and 30.36% respectively. The optimum mixing time of turbidity removal efficiency was found to be 2 min with rapid mixing of 30 seconds and 1½ min of slow mixing with turbidity and colour removal of 69.48% and 60.53% respectively. The optimum dosage was found to be 4.0 g of coagulant and 1.0 g of coagulant aid for turbidity, total dissolved solid and colour removal efficiency.

Radon removal by aeration: observations on testing, installation and maintenance of domestic treatment units

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
T. Turtiainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Medium Flow ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Frequent Sampling

Radon is one of the contaminants that sometimes impair the water quality of wells, especially those drilled in bedrock. Domestic radon removal units based on aeration have been commercially available for more than ten years. In order to determine how effectively these units remove radon a new test protocol applying frequent sampling while letting 100 litres of water flow, was developed. This way, removal efficiencies can be more accurately calculated and possible malfunctions detected. Seven models of domestic aerators designed for removing radon from household water were tested. The aerators were based on diffused bubble aeration, spray aeration or jet aeration. The average removal efficiencies for 100 litres with a medium flow rate were 86–100% except for a unit that circulated the aerated water back to the well that had removal efficiency of 80% at the maximum. By conducting a questionnaire study usual problems related to the aeration units were localized and recommendations on maintenance and installation are given accordingly.

Modeling and risk analysis of bromate formation from ozonation of bromide-containing waters

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rengao Song ◽  
Roger Minear ◽  
Paul Westerhoff ◽  
Gary Amy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Other Hand

Empirical bromate formation models were developed from batch ozonation data to simulate the effects of important water quality characteristics and treatment processes on bromate formation. Bromate formation was favored at high pH, bromide concentration, alkalinity, and ozone dose. On the other hand, increasing DOC and ammonia concentration decreased bromate formation. Validation of the bromate models demonstrated that the models accurately simulated bromate formation. Risk analysis of bromate formation was performed on 5 utilities in which ozone was used, and it was concluded that under typical ozonation conditions, the associated risk related to bromate formation could be as high as 10−3.

Removal of sulphite-reducing clostridia spores by full-scale water treatment processes as a surrogate for protozoan (oo)cysts removal

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Hijnen ◽  
J. Willemsen-Zwaagstra ◽  
P. Hiemstra ◽  
G. J. Medema ◽  
D. van der Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Scale Unit ◽  
Micro Organisms

At eight full-scale water treatment plants in the Netherlands the removal of spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC) was determined. By sampling and processing large volumes of water (1 up to 500 litres) SSRC were detected after each stage of the treatment. This enabled the assessment of the removal efficiency of the full-scale unit processes for persistent micro-organisms. A comparison with literature data on the removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by the same type of processes revealed that SSRC can be considered as a potential surrogate. The average Decimal Elimination Capacity (DEC) of the overall treatment plants ranged from 1.3–4.3 log. The observed actual log removal of SSRC by the unit processes and the overall treatment at one of the studied locations showed that the level of variation in removal efficiency was approximately 2 log. Moreover, from the actual log removal values it was observed that a low SSRC removal by one unit process is partly compensated by a higher removal by subsequent unit processes at this location. SSRC can be used for identification of the process conditions that cause variation in micro-organism removal which may lead to process optimization. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal use of SSRC in water quality monitoring for the production of microbiologically safe drinking water.

Monitoring raw water quality and adjustment of treatment processes – experiences at the wahnbach reservoir

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluf Hoyer ◽  
Helmut Schell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
On Line ◽  
Raw Water Quality

On-line monitoring of turbidity allows effective control of source and finished water quality. Fundamentals for particle destabilisation and removal are outlined and the application of the charge titration method for optimal online adjustment of the flocculant dosage is presented.

Study of the Removal of Boron from Metallurgical Grade Silicon by Oxidation Slagging Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 882-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yan Hu ◽  
Dong Liang Lu ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Metallurgical Grade Silicon ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Grade Silicon ◽  
Refining Time ◽  
The Impact

Refining of solar grade silicon by metallurgical method is the research hotspot of polycrystalline field. Slagging method is benefit to the removal of the impurities especially to boron exsisted in the raw silicon. In this study, the influence of the density, the viscosity and liquidus temperature of the slag components on the refining process were discussed, and then the slag system SiO2-Na2CO3 was choosed as the slagging agents. And then the impact factors on the removal efficiency of boron such as the composition of SiO2 and Na2CO3, the ratio of slag to silicon and the refining time were investigated by the orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum parameters of the oxidation refining for removing boron were as follows: the main composition of the oxidant is “SiO2 : Na2CO3 = 60% : 40%”; the slag/silicon ratio is 0.5; time for refining is 60min at 1550 . The results indicated that the removal efficiency of boron was 88.28%, and the content of boron in MG-Si can be reduced to 7ppmw under the best refining process¬.

Study on De-Nitrification of Improved Step-Feed Progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Yi Xiao ◽  
Shou Hui Tong ◽  
Lan Fang ◽  
Da Hai You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Aerobic Zone

Improved step-feed de-nitrification progress combined with biological fluidized bed was introduced in this study. The progress had good performance and capacity of de-nitrification and organic matter. The experiment result showed that the de-nitrification efficiency of the improved biological fluidized bed with step-feed process was higher than the fluidized bed A/O process under the same water quality and the operating conditions. When the influent proportion of each segment was equal, the system showed good nitrogen removal efficiency with the change of influent C/N ratio, HRT and sludge return ratio. The removal rate of TN reached up to 88.2%. It showed that the simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification phenomenon happened in the aerobic zone. The nitrogen removal mechanism was also studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document