Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Sodom Apple (Calotropis procera) - Aided Tamarind Seed as a Coagulant

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Saidat Olanipekun Giwa ◽  
Danladi Yakubu Said ◽  
Mustapha Danladi Ibrahim ◽  
Abdulwahab Giwa
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Sodom Apple ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Water contamination seems unavoidable as many human activities involve the use of water in one way or the other. Chemical coagulants, especially aluminium based, which are widely used in treatment of wastewater or contaminated water have been associated with some health issues. Research on the use of plant based coagulants in water treatment now draws a lot of attentions, not only because the natural coagulants are presumed safe but also because of their biodegradable nature. In this present study, efforts have been made to evaluate the effectiveness of locally available tamarind seed powder as natural coagulant and Sodom apple (Calotropis procera) as coagulant aid for the treatment of textile wastewater. The tests were carried out using the conventional jar test apparatus at various pH and coagulant dosage with no aid added. Also, three sets of jar test experiments were performed at constant values of coagulant dosage and pH (which were found to be favourable in the first experiments) by varying the dosage of liquid and solid coagulant aid as well as time. The results obtained show that pH slightly affected the pollutants removal efficiency of the unaided coagulation. The neutral pH was found to be favourable with turbidity and colour removal of 22.25% and 30.36% respectively. The optimum mixing time of turbidity removal efficiency was found to be 2 min with rapid mixing of 30 seconds and 1½ min of slow mixing with turbidity and colour removal of 69.48% and 60.53% respectively. The optimum dosage was found to be 4.0 g of coagulant and 1.0 g of coagulant aid for turbidity, total dissolved solid and colour removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Characterization and optimization of spectrophotometric colour removal from dye containing wastewater by Coagulation-Flocculation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Obiora-Okafo ◽  
O.D. Onukwuli
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contour Plot ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Ftir Spectrometer ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract The performance of Vigna unguiculata coagulant (VUC) for colour removal from acid dye was investigated in this study. The proximate, structure and morphology of the coagulant were investigated using standard official methods, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) using face-centred central composite design (FCCD) optimized four process variables including pH, coagulant dosage, dye concentration and time. The colour removal efficiency obtained from the optimization analysis was 99.26% at process conditions of pH 2, coagulant dosage 256.09 mg/l, dye concentration 16.7 mg/l and time 540 min. The verification experiments agreed with the predicted values having a standard error value of 1.96%. Overlay contour plot established optimum areas where the predicted response variable is in an acceptable range (≥ 70%) with respect to optimum conditions. The FCCD approach was appropriate for optimizing the process giving higher removal efficiency when compared to the main effect plots.

scholarly journals Dioscorea hispida Starch as a Novel Natural Coagulant in Textile Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽  
Farrandie Juni ◽  
Zaber Ahmed ◽  
Motasem Azaiza ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Starch Yield

The process of coagulation-flocculation using Dioscorea hispida starch as a natural coagulant was investigated for the purification of textile effluent from several dyeing and finishing mills. The major parameters tested were COD, turbidity, and color. Prior to conducting the experiments, the general physical characteristics of Dioscorea hispida starch were investigated. The optimal conditions, pH and coagulant dosage were assessed using a jar test. The results demonstrated that the Dioscorea hispida starch yield was 15.38% of Dioscorea hispida dry weight. Pulverizing of Dioscorea hispida mass also resulted in approximately 10-15% of impurities in the final product. The optimal pH of 7 resulted in maximum COD, turbidity and color reductions of 28%, 94% and 64% respectively. The optimum dosage of Dioscorea hispida starch of 2500 mg/L resulted in a maximum reduction of 22%, 93%, 63%, of COD, turbidity, and color, respectively. Overall, this study confirmed that the utilization of Dioscorea hispida starch as a natural coagulant offers a relatively good removal efficiency in textile wastewater treatment.

Efficiency of the Coagulation-Flocculation Method for the Treatment of Dye Mixtures Containing Disperse and Reactive Dye

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wen Wong ◽  
Tjoon Tow Teng ◽  
Nik Abdul Rahman Nik Norulaini
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract The coagulation-flocculation method was used to treat aqueous solutions containing varying ratios of commercial disperse and reactive dyes. The effectiveness of this method was assessed using such coagulants as alum, polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and MgCl2, and an anionic coagulant aid. The jar test method was used to measure the effects of pH and coagulant type and dosage on colour removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction. The effect of coagulant aid on floc settling time was also measured. The results showed that the coagulant dosage needed to achieve optimum colour removal and COD reduction increased as the percentage of reactive dye in the mixture increased. Alum and PACl performed effectively in a lower pH range (pH 3.8 to 5.2), whereas MgCl2 performed effectively in a higher pH range (pH 10.4 to 10.9). PACl was more effective than MgCl2 and alum, achieving >99% colour removal and 96.3% COD reduction using a smaller quantity of the coagulant. The addition of coagulant aid improved floc settling time. These results show that PACl is more effective than MgCl2 and alum in removing both colour and COD in the treatment of the industrial textile wastewater samples.

Biocoagulation Efficiency of Corchorus olitorius L. (Jute) Seed Powder in Water Purification

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Sabo Bala ◽  
Donatus B. Adie
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Chemical Analysis Result ◽  
Health Organization

The research is aimed at exploring the potential of using Corchorus olitorius (Jute) seed extracts as natural coagulant for turbidity removal from water. Laboratory scale studies using jar test experiments were performed on medium turbid water to study the influence of various process parameters such as Coagulant dosage, p H, Turbidity, Colour, Hardness, Alkalinity and Bacterial count and the optimum condition for maximum Turbidity removal was identified. Results obtained showed that at 75mg/L optimal removal of turbidity was achieved. Jute seed extract was also able to maintain the p H of treated water at 7.02 with the 75mg/L dosage. However, the reduction in turbidity was below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended value of 5NTU. The best colour removal was also not up to the WHO’s recommended value of 40TCU. The chemical analysis result showed that Jute seed powder contained 20.90% protein. When jute was used in combination with Moringa oleifera there was significant reduction in turbidity and bacterial count. At 20% jute and 80% Moringa oleifera, best colour removal, turbidity and bacterial count were obtained. Key words-Biocoagulation, Corchorus olitorius, Bacterial count, Jar test

Study on Pharmaceutical Wastewater Pretreated by Chemical Coagulation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Yong Gang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Pharmaceutical Factory ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Coagulant Dosage

This study took three factors three levels orthogonal experiment scheme and chose PAM as the coagulant, pretreated a pharmaceutical factory wastewater by chemical coagulation method, and the results indicated: when coagulant dosage was 50 mg/L, pH was 5 and mixing time was 20 minutes, the removal efficiency of SO42- and COD could be 39.0% and 72.5% respectively. The water quality could meet the requirements of the subsequent treatment processes.

Study of Coagulant Development and the Characteristics for the Treatment of Tire Remanufacturing Wastewater

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 510-516
Author(s):  
Eun Sun Yoo ◽  
In Mo Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Combination Effect ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Polluted Wastewater

This study was conducted to test the performance of various combinations of coagulants for effective wastewater treatment of the tire recycling industry. From the Jar-test results, two kinds of coagulants, namely AlSi-1 and PASi-1, were found to be effective in decreasing BOD and CODCr values from the polluted wastewater among various combinations of coagulants. In comparison to Al-based or Si-based singular salts, the Si-Al combined salts (PASi-1) exhibited a higher removal efficiency of 90% turbidity, 93% SS, 70∼85% BOD5 and 85∼91% CODCr at 15± 2°C, pH7.5∼9.5 and 2.0mM of coagulant dosage. At 30±2°C of tire recycling effluents, the combination effect was clearly shown in the removal of CODCr over a wider range of pH. The reaction mechanisms of AlSi-1 and PASi-1 were also schematically studied.

scholarly journals Aloe steudneri gel as natural flocculant for textile wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Tiruneh Adugna ◽  
Nahom Mankir Gebresilasie
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

Abstract This study focused on the evaluation of Aloe steudneri gel for textile wastewater clarification with identification of major phytochemical groups and physicochemical characteristics of Aloe steudneri. Optimization of pH, flocculant dose, mixing speed and time were studied for Aloe steudneri gel and synthetic polyacrylamide. A jar test was used to perform the flocculation at optimum conditions (pH 7.3, flocculant dose 33 ml, mixing time 20 minutes and speed 61 rpm). Phytochemical groups like tannins, flavonoids and saponins were identified and the gel showed a good result of 1.9 g H2O/dry polymer for swelling capacity and 6.2 g oil/weight for fat adsorption capacity. At the optimum conditions, the turbidity removal was 92.3% for Aloe steudneri gel and 92.7% for polyacrylamide. Moreover, the removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand, 5-day biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids and lead were 76.8%, 83.5%, 57.9% and 77% for Aloe steudneri gel and 78%, 89%, 51% and 72% for polyacrylamide, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that Aloe steudneri gel can substitute the polyacrylamide as there are no significant differences in their removal efficiencies.

scholarly journals Geophysical Survey Report for Textile Park Nandgaon Peth MIDC Area District Amravati (M.S.), India

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-395
Author(s):  
Irshad. S. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Living Things

Textile industry is one of the major industries in the world that provide employment with no required special skills and play a major role in the economy of many countries. The textile industry utilizes various chemicals and large amount of water during the production process. Colour is the major pollutants present in the effluent from various textile industries. These are highly toxic to living things and have hazardous effect on their health. Thus removal of colour using natural flocculant is a major step towards the protection of natural resources. Coagulation-flocculation is the most widely used method and is applicable for the removal of the colour even at low concentrations. This paper represents the results of investigations carried out for the removal of colour along with SS, DS, TS and COD from waste water by using natural flocculant i.e. Cactus, Aloevera, and combination of Cactus & Aloevera. The colour removal efficiency of flocculant was investigated by batch wise coagulation flocculation method. The effect of various important parameters on the % removal of colour was studied to find the optimum condition for the maximum removal of colour. The parameters like pH, coagulant dose, flocculant dose, coagulant mixing time, coagulant mixing speed, flocculant mixing time, flocculant mixing speed, setting time & concentration of waste water were investigated. These parameters for Cactus were found to be 12, 10 ml/L, 20 ml/L, 2 min, 140 rpm, 15 min, 70 rpm, 6 min, 300 ml/L respectively, for Aloevera were Journal of Water Resource Engineering & Pollution Studies Volume 5 Issue 1 found to be 11.5, 10 ml/L, 100 ml/L, 2 min, 140 rpm, 15 min, 30 rpm, 1 min, 300 ml/L respectively and simultaneously for combination of Cactus & Aloevera were found to be 12, 10 ml/L, 10% + 80% (Cactus + Aloevera dose) ml/L, 2 min, 140 rpm, 25 min, 50 rpm, 10 min, 300 ml/L respectively. These natural flocculants gives maximum colour removal efficiency in the range 85-100%. The colour removal efficiency was found in between 85-100% for all parameters. All the result was validated on the basis of mathematical analysis. All the graphs were fitted to various trend lines out of which polynomial third order curve is best fit to experimental work as the coefficient of correlation (R2 value) is closer to unity.

Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Combined Process of Biological Wriggle Bed and Ozone Biological Aerated Filter

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Zhi Min Fu ◽  
Yu Gao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

A combined process of biological wriggle bed and ozone biological aerated filter was utilized to treat textile wastewater. Results showed that COD removal efficiency was almost 90.4%. The average effluent COD was 85.87 mg/L. The effluent colority was 64-32 times. This study indicated that the combined process is potentially useful for treating textile wastewater.

Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Biodegradable Flocculants of Chitosan and Extracted Pandan Leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Nor Aida Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Flocculation Process

The study investigated the performance of chitosan and extracted pandan leaves towards treatment of textile wastewater by using flocculation process. Pandan leaves were extracted by using solvent extraction method. Flocculation process was conducted using a Jar test experiment. The effect of dosage, pH, and settling time on reduction of COD, turbidity and color of textile wastewater was studied. The results obtained found that chitosan was very effective for reduction of COD, turbidity, color and indicator for color. The best condition for COD and turbidity removal was achieved at 0.2 g dosage, pH 4 and 60 minutes of settling time. Under this condition, about 58 and 99% of COD and turbidity was removed, respectively. However, the results obtained using extracted pandan was opposite compared to the chitosan. Extracted pandan was not able to remove both COD and turbidity of the waste. 

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