An Overview of Different Distillation Technologies for Drinking Water Preparation

Water scarcity and pollution pose critical situation in all walks of life.Among the available purification methods,desalination process proves to be a safer and more stable solution for solving this problem. This paper provides an overview of the purification effect of distillation process, along with theprinciples and research progress ofdifferent distillation techniques for small scale drinking water preparation.This paper also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as proposes an outlook forthe distillation technology on drinking water preparation. This paper also indicates that the removallaw of organic pollutants, especially the volatile organic pollutants during distillation process should attract researchers' attention, whilereducing energy consumption of distillation technology through various means is still the development tendency.

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Brackish water treatment for small community by using membrane technology

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/896/1/012073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 896 (1) ◽

pp. 012073

Author(s):

V R Auliya ◽

B D Marsono ◽

A Yuniarto ◽

E Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Chloride Content ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Membrane Technology ◽

Small Scale ◽

Small Community ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

Abstract High salinity water, containing high TDS and chloride, is a common problem in coastal areas of Indonesia. The chloride content in water causes water to taste salty. It occurs in a small community of Tambak Cemandi Village, Sidoarjo. The groundwater has chloride content up to 3,694.3 mg/L, hardness 2,071 mg/L (CaCO3), and total coliform 7,100 MPN/100 mL. Membrane technology has been overgrowing all over the world in the water desalination process. This study aims to examine the basic concepts, principles, advantages, and disadvantages of membrane technology and its application in brackish water treatment for drinking purposes. This research was conducted by literature review, secondary data analysis, and application of case studies. The case study is applied to small scale drinking water treatment (flow rate 0.2 L/second) with brackish raw water from groundwater in Tambak Cemandi Village, where some of the population do not have access to safe drinking water. The study concludes that RO membranes with UF pre-treatment are adequate to treat 98%, 96%, and 100% of chloride content, hardness, and total coliform and fulfilled Indonesia Ministry regulation’s drinking water quality standard. The treatment can serve 202 people with an operational cost of Rp. 1,198/people.day.

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Application of reverse osmosis in purifying drinking water

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183801037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 01037 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lei Jiang ◽

Yue Tu ◽

Xiangmin Li ◽

Haixiang Li

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Water Environment ◽

Water Security ◽

Flow Diagram ◽

Research Progress ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Process Flow Diagram ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Safety Of Drinking Water

In view of the shortage of water resources and the pollution of water environment, the development of efficient water purification technology is one of the effective ways to ensure the safety of drinking water. The technology of reverse osmosis has attracted much attention in the application of drinking water security for its advantages of no phase change and simple equipment. This paper briefly introduces the research progress at home and abroad, basic principles, process flow diagram, advantages and disadvantages and development direction of the technology.

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Direct screening and confirmation of priority volatile organic pollutants in drinking water

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.054 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1138 (1-2) ◽

pp. 244-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. Caro ◽

A. Serrano ◽

M. Gallego

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Volatile Organic Pollutants

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Recent Patents on Valve Mechanism Device

Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.2174/2212797613666200403141448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 230-241

Author(s):

Ye Dai ◽

Hui-Bing Zhang ◽

Yun-Shan Qi

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Flow Direction ◽

Research Progress ◽

Valve Mechanism ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Valve Structure ◽

Valve Leakage ◽

Safety And Reliability

Background: Valves are an important part of nuclear power plants and are the control equipment used in nuclear power plants. It can change the cross-section of the passage and the flow direction of the medium and has the functions of diversion, cutoff, overflow, and the like. Due to the earthquake, the valve leaks, which will cause a major nuclear accident, endangering people's lives and safety. Objective: The purpose of this study is to synthesize the existing valve devices, summarize and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various devices from many literatures and patents, and solve some problems of existing valves. Methods: This article summarizes various patents of nuclear-grade valve devices and recent research progress. From the valve structure device, transmission device, a detection device, and finally to the valve test, the advantages and disadvantages of the valve are comprehensively analyzed. Results: By summarizing the characteristics of a large number of valve devices, and analyzing some problems existing in the valves, the outlook for the research and design of nuclear power valves was made, and the planning of the national nuclear power strategic goals and energy security were planned. Conclusion: Valve damage can cause serious safety accidents. The most common is valve leakage. Therefore, the safety and reliability of valves must be taken seriously. By improving the transmission of the valve, the problems of complicated valve structure and high cost are solved.

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Omnipresent distribution of herbicides and their transformation products in all water body types of an agricultural landscape in the North German Lowland

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13626-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Uta Ulrich ◽

Matthias Pfannerstill ◽

Guido Ostendorp ◽

Nicola Fohrer

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Water Body ◽

Sulfonic Acid ◽

Stream Water ◽

Parent Compound ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Small Scale ◽

Rainfall Events

AbstractThe research of the environmental fate of pesticides has demonstrated that applied compounds are altered in their molecular structure over time and are distributed within the environment. To assess the risk for contamination by transformation products (TP) of the herbicides flufenacet and metazachlor, the following four water body types were sampled in a small-scale catchment of 50 km2 in 2015/2016: tile drainage water, stream water, shallow groundwater, and drinking water of private wells. The TP were omnipresent in every type of water body, more frequently and in concentrations up to 10 times higher than their parent compounds. Especially metazachlor sulfonic acid, metazachlor oxalic acid, and flufenacet oxalic acid were detected in almost every drainage and stream sample. The transformation process leads to more mobile and more persistent molecules resulting in higher detection frequencies and concentrations, which can even occur a year or more after the application of the parent compound. The vulnerability of shallow groundwater and private drinking water wells to leaching compounds is proved by numerous positives of metazachlor-TP with maximum concentrations of 0.7 μg L−1 (drinking water) and 20 μg L−1 (shallow groundwater) of metazachlor sulfonic acid. Rainfall events during the application period cause high discharge of the parent compound and lower release of TP. Later rainfall events lead to high displacement of TP. For an integrated risk assessment of water bodies, the environmental behavior of pesticide-TP has to be included into regular state-of-the-art water quality monitoring.

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Experiences with the practical implementation and operation of biological nitrification for a small-scale drinking water treatment plant

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2016.042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 922-930 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Richard ◽

E. Mayr ◽

M. Zunabovic ◽

R. Allabashi ◽

R. Perfler

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Drinking Water Supply ◽

Small Scale ◽

Treatment Performance ◽

Biological Nitrification

The implementation and evaluation of biological nitrification as a possible treatment option for the small-scale drinking water supply of a rural Upper Austrian community was investigated. The drinking water supply of this community (average system input volume: 20 m3/d) is based on the use of deep anaerobic groundwater with a high ammonium content of geogenic origin (up to 5 mg/l) which must be treated to prevent the formation of nitrites in the drinking water supply system. This paper describes the implementation and operation of biological nitrification despite several constraints including space availability, location and financial and manpower resources. A pilot drinking water treatment plant, including biological nitrification implemented in sand filters, was designed and constructed for a maximum treatment capacity of 1.2 m3/h. Online monitoring of selected physicochemical parameters has provided continuous treatment performance data. Treatment performance of the plant was evaluated under standard operation as well as in the case of selected malfunction events.

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Environmental Performance of Small-Scale Seawater Reverse Osmosis Plant for Rural Area Water Supply

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11010040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Latifah Abdul Ghani ◽

Nora’aini Ali ◽

Ilyanni Syazira Nazaran ◽

Marlia M. Hanafiah

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Global Warming ◽

Water Supply ◽

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Resource Scarcity ◽

Small Scale ◽

Seawater Desalination ◽

Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽

Desalination Technology ◽

The Impact

Seawater desalination is an alternative technology to provide safe drinking water and to solve water issues in an area having low water quality and limited drinking water supply. Currently, reverse osmosis (RO) is commonly used in the desalination technology and experiencing significant growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the environmental impacts of the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant installed in Kampung Pantai Senok, Kelantan, as this plant was the first installed in Malaysia. The software SimaPro 8.5 together with the ReCiPe 2016 database were used as tools to evaluate the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the SWRO plant. The results showed that the impact of global warming (3.90 kg CO2 eq/year) was the highest, followed by terrestrial ecotoxicity (1.62 kg 1,4-DCB/year) and fossil resource scarcity (1.29 kg oil eq/year). The impact of global warming was caused by the natural gas used to generate the electricity, mainly during the RO process. Reducing the environmental impact can be effectively achieved by decreasing the electricity usage for the seawater desalination process. As a suggestion, electricity generation can be overcome by using a high-flux membrane with other suitable renewable energy for the plant such as solar and wind energy.

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Analysis of Advanced Research Methods of Cement-Based Materials

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.494 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 633 ◽

pp. 494-497

Author(s):

Yan Zheng ◽

Su Ping Cui ◽

Ya Li Wang ◽

Zi Ming Wang ◽

Qian Jin Mao

Keyword(s):

Research Methods ◽

Research Progress ◽

Microstructural Development ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Complex Phenomenon ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Testing Method ◽

Cement Based Materials ◽

Microscopy Techniques ◽

Application Prospects

The hydration of cement is known to be a complex phenomenon. Although the broad pattern of reactions and microstructural development are known, a number of important questions remain unanswered. How to select the proper techniques is what the research people think of for now. This paper reviewed the domestic and international research progress and presented the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and the application prospects. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), nanoindentation and electron microscopy techniques of cements were expounded in detail. Furthermore, through analyzing the results obtained by different research methods, the paper predicted the development prospect of advanced testing method of cement-based materials.

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