Waste Silicon Carbide as Filler for Natural Rubber Compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apaipan Rattanapan ◽  
Jitrakha Paksamut ◽  
Pornsri Pakeyangkoon ◽  
Surakit Tuampoemsab
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Extrudate Swell ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time

This work studied possibilities of using waste silicon carbide (SiC) particles from abrasive industry as alternative filler in natural rubber (NR) compounds. The rubber was prepared by using natural rubber grade STR 5L and waste silicon carbide loading of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 phr. Firstly, the rubber were compounded by using two roll mill and then using Oscillating Disc Rheometer for studying cure time at one hundred and fifty degree Celsius. Then, shear viscosity and extrudate swell of the compounded natural rubber were characterized by using capillary rheometer at 100°C. The result showed that the apparent shear viscosity increased slightly with increasing waste silicon carbide loading and the percentage of extrudate swell was found to be a decreasing function of the filler loading. Then, test tensile by using the prepared samples for studying tensile modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break. The result showed that tensile modulus and tensile strength increased with increasing waste silicon carbide. On the other hand, the elongation at break of the filled natural rubber decreased with increasing waste silicon carbide. Finally, bring the sample to test hardness by using shore A. Results indicated that waste silicon carbide direct variation with the indicator of hardness.

Curing Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Rattan Filled Natural Rubber Compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komethi Muniandy ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Nadras Othman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Rubber Filler

Rattan for its potential as a new type of filler was investigated in natural rubber (NR) compounds. Natural rubber (NR) compounds were prepared by the incorporation of rattan at different loadings into a natural rubber matrix with a laboratory size two roll mill. The effect of rattan loading as filler on curing characteristics, tensile properties, morphological properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and rubber–filler interaction of rattan filled natural rubber compound were studied in the filler loading range of 0 to 30 phr. The results indicate that the scorch time (ts2) and cure time (t90) shorten with increasing filler loading, whereas the maximum torque (MH) showed an increasing trend. As the filler loading increases, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreases whilst tensile modulus; stress at 100 % elongation and stress at 300 % elongation increased. The rubber filler interactions of the rubber compound decreased with increasing filler loading. SEM studies indicate that the increasing rattan loading weakens the rubber-rattan interactions.

Cure and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Filled Bacterial Cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Chaiwute Vudjung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Mooney Viscosity

Natural rubber (NR) containing the nata de coco fiber or Bacterial cellulose (BC) was prepared by co-coagulation of BC and concentrated NR latex with CaCl2 and compounded by two roll mill. The effect of BC content was the important factor in this study. It was that found tensile strength and elongation at break of NR filled BC (NR/BC) decreased with increasing BC content. The addition of BC into NR affect Mooney viscosity of NR/BC masterbatch, with increasing BC content, scorch time and cure time of their compound decreased.

Influence of Silanized-Silica and Carbon Black on the Cure and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Recycled Chloroprene Rubber (NR/rCR) Blends

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Siti Zuliana Salleh ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Zulkifli Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Silanized Silica

The loadings effect of carbon black and silanized-silica filled 75/25 phr/phr of natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber (NR/rCR) blends were compared with the unfilled NR/rCR blends. Different filler loading between in the range of 10- 40 phr was used. The rubber blends were prepared by using a laboratory two-roll mill and rheometric characteristics were studied using the Monsanto moving die rheometer (MDR 2000) at 150 °C. The addition of CB and silanized-silica showed different trend in scorch and cure time but showed similar trend in torques. The incorporation of both fillers caused higher tensile strength than that unfilled rubber blends. By comparison, the silanized-silica filled NR/rCR blends showed higher tensile strength than CB filled NR/rCR blends. Morphological characterization as observed from SEM justified these results.

The Effect of Wollastonite on Curing Characteristics, Tensile and Morphology of Natural Rubber Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Hoang T.B. Diep ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
A. Rashid Azura ◽  
Ng. Van Tu ◽  
Tsutomu Takeichi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fracture Surface Morphology ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Wollastonite filled natural rubber (NR) compounds were prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill. The filler was loaded into NR at different loading, i.e., 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 part per hundred of rubber (phr). The effect of wollastonite on curing characteristic, tensile and morphology properties has been studied. Results indicated that the cure time (t90), scorch time (t2), tensile strength and elongation at break of the NR compounds decrease with increasing wollastonite loading but the maximum torque, tensile modulus M100 (stress at 100% elongation), M300 (stress at 100% elongation) increase with increasing wollastonite loading. The fracture surface morphology of the NR compounds was investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). More filler detachment from NR surface was observed with increasing wollastonite loading.

Study on Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Behaviours of Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zaini Nurul Aizan ◽  
Salim Abdul Salim Zainathul Akhmar ◽  
Ahmad Mohd Muhiddin ◽  
Zainudin Nor Hazwani ◽  
Jamil Siti Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Mechanical Behaviours ◽  
Fibre Loading

In recent years, natural fibres appear to be as an outstanding material to substitute the conventional reinforcement materials in polymer composites. Kenaf fibre reinforced natural rubber (KFNR) composite was prepared by incorporating of different loadings of kenaf fibre using two roll mill machines. The compound was vulcanised at 150°C according to their respective cure time. The intention of this study is to investigate the influence of kenaf fibre on cure characteristics and mechanical bahaviour of (KFNR) composites.The result showed that the higher fibre content in composites led to shorter optimum cure time, t90. It was also observed that the tensile strength and elongation at break gradually decreased with an increment in fibre loadings. However, the trend was not similar for the hardness where the hardness value was increased by the increment of fibre loadings. The study has exhibited that the optimum fibre loading for the best performance of the composite achieved was 10 phr. The Scanning Electron Microscopy micrograph clarified that fibre dispersion and adhesion were weak thus resulting low in tensile strength and elongation at break.

scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

Mechanochemical Devulcanization of Vulcanized Gum Natural Rubber

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
G.K. Jana ◽  
C.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Cure Time

De-vulcanization of vulcanized elastomers represents a great challenge because of their three-dimensional network structure. Sulfur-cured gum natural rubbers containing three different sulfur/accelerator ratios were de-vulcanized by thio-acids. The process was carried out at 90 °C for 10 minutes in an open two-roll cracker-cum-mixing mill. Two concentrations of de-vulcanizing agent were tried in order to study the cleavage of the sulfidic bonds. The mechanical properties of the re-vulcanized rubber (like tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and elongation at break) were improved with increasing concentrations of de-vulcanizing agent, because the crosslink density increased. A decrease in scorch time and in optimum cure time and an increase in the state of cure were observed when vulcanized rubber was treated with high amounts of de-vulcanizing agent. The temperature of onset of degradation was also increased with increasing concentration of thio-acid. DMA analysis revealed that the storage modulus increased on re-vulcanization. From IR spectroscopy it was observed that oxidation of the main polymeric chains did not occur at the time of high temperature milling. Over 80% retention of the original mechanical properties (like tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and elongation at break) of the vulcanized natural rubber was achieved by this mechanochemical process.

Effect of Ashes as Biomass in Silica Filled Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Wasinee Pinpat ◽  
Wirunya Keawwattana ◽  
Siree Tangbunsuk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Silica has been used as reinforcing filler in natural rubber for a period of time as it results in excellent properties for NR vulcanizes. Rice husk ash (RHA), bagasse ash (BA), and oil palm ash (OPA) obtained from agricultural wastes are mainly composed of silica in the percentage of 80.00%, 57.33%, and 40.20% by weight, respectively. The effect of these fillers on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber materials at fixed silica content at 35 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) were investigated. The results indicated that ashes showed greater cure time compared to that of the silica. The incorporation of ashes into natural rubber gradually improved compression set but significantly decreased tensile strength, elongation at break, and resilience. Moreover, young's modulus increased, while hardness showed no significant change with the addition of ashes. Overall results indicated that ashes could be used as cheaper fillers for natural rubber materials where improved mechanical properties were not critical.

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wapoon Tappanawatch ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Reinforcing Agent

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were extracted from corn cob and synthesized by alkaline treatment using 3 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Acid hydrolysis with 64 wt% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different reaction times (30, 45, 60 min) was performed to obtain CNC solutions. CNC was evaluated as a reinforcing agent in natural rubber (NR) at CNC loadings from 1-5 wt%. Gamma-ray radiation was used as vulcanization method and varied at 10 and 20 kGy. The tensile modulus and tensile strength of NR vulcanizates increased with addition of CNC and contents. In addition, radiation by gamma ray impacts the mechanical performance, where CNC/NR composites vulcanized with higher dose of radiation of 20 KGy were found to have the higher values in tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus than with 10 KGy. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites after aging were found to slightly increase due to post-curing during the aging process.

Preparation and Properties of Sponge Rubber Based on Natural Rubber and Cassava Starch

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Komsun Temna ◽  
Nitinart Saetung ◽  
Anuwat Saetung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cure Characteristic

In this work, the sponge rubbers based on cassava starch masterbatch in latex phase with the difference technique (non-gelatinized and gelatinized cassava starch) were preformed. The cassava starch contents from 0 to 70 phr were also studied. The cure characteristic, mechanical and morphological properties were investigated. It was found that the scorch time and cure time were increased with an increasing of cassava starch contents in both techniques. The mechanical properties i.e., tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength were decreased with an increasing of cassava starch contents, except 500% modulus. However, the sponge based on gelatinized technique gave the better mechanical properties than that of non-gelatinized cassava starch. The SEM micrographs of sponge NR from gelatinized technique were also able to confirm a good interfacial interaction between hydrophilic cassava starch and hydrophobic NR.

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