CPV Modules Based on Lens Panels

A work on development of the high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) modules with Fresnel lens panels and III-V multijunction cells is presented. A composite structure of the small-aperture area 40x40 (or 60x60) mm2 Fresnel lenses, united in a panel, was realized. A silicate glass sheet (front side of a module) serves as a superstrate for transparent microprisms formed in silicone. Small averaged thickness of the prisms ensures low IR absorption of sunlight in comparison with acrylic Fresnel lenses. Temperature dependences of the optical properties in such a type of the solar concentrators and PV properties of the cells in passive heat dissipation conditions are under consideration. The solar cells are the triple-junction InGaP/(In)GaAs/Ge cells with designated illumination area 1.7-2.3 mm in diameter. A HCPV module consists of the 144 (or 64) sub-modules in 12x12 (or 8x8) configuration. Solar cells are protected from environment in different ways: by side walls of a module body, or by a rear glass sheet at integrated sealing the cells in a back-side module panel. Module design includes refractive smooth-surface secondary lenses. The cell strings are glued to the rear glass surface of the module body using lamination process. Proper quality of the solar cells in a multistage module assembling procedure is ensured owing to specially developed contactless test method, based on analyzing the electroluminescent signals at local photoexitation. For arrangement of the HCPV modules in a solar installation, a number of the solar trackers have been developed and realized for 1-3-5 kWp of the installed power.

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Optical Performance of Single Point-Focus Fresnel Lens Concentrator System for Multiple Multi-Junction Solar Cells—A Numerical Study

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4301

Author(s):

Yassir A. Alamri ◽

Saad Mahmoud ◽

Raya Al-Dadah ◽

Shivangi Sharma ◽

J. N. Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Single Point ◽

Optical Element ◽

Fresnel Lens ◽

Electrical Performance ◽

High Concentration ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Optical Efficiency ◽

Concave Lens

This paper investigates the potential of a new integrated solar concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system that uses a solo point focus Fresnel lens for multiple multi-junction solar cells (MJSCs). The proposed system comprises of an FL concentrator as the primary optical element, a multi-leg homogeniser as the secondary optical element (SOE), a plano-concave lens, and four MJSCs. A three-dimensional model of this system was developed using the ray tracing method to predict the influence of aperture width, height, and position with respect to MJSCs of different reflective and refractive SOE on the overall optical efficiency of the system and the irradiance uniformity achieved on the MJSCs’ surfaces. The results show that the refractive homogeniser using N-BK7 glass can achieve higher optical efficiency (79%) compared to the reflective homogeniser (57.5%). In addition, the peak to average ratio of illumination at MJSCs for the reflective homogeniser ranges from 1.07 to 1.14, while for the refractive homogeniser, it ranges from 1.06 to 1.34, causing minimum effects on the electrical performance of the MJSCs. The novelty of this paper is the development of a high concentration CPV system that integrates multiple MJSCs with a uniform distribution of rays, unlike the conventional CPV systems that utilise a single concentrator onto a single MJSC. The optical efficiency of the CPV system was also examined using both the types of homogeniser (reflective and refractive).

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Solar Thermophotovoltaic Converters Based on Tungsten Emitters

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2734576 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 298-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

V. M. Andreev ◽

A. S. Vlasov ◽

V. P. Khvostikov ◽

O. A. Khvostikova ◽

P. Y. Gazaryan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Band Gap ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Radiation Spectrum ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Fresnel Lens ◽

Photocurrent Density ◽

Back Side ◽

High Concentration ◽

Emitter System ◽

Solar Powered

Results of a solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system study are reported. Modeling of the STPV module performance and the analysis of various parameters influencing the system are presented. The ways for the STPV system efficiency to increase and their magnitude are considered such as: improvement of the emitter radiation selectivity and application of selective filters for better matching the emitter radiation spectrum and cell photoresponse; application of the cells with a back side reflector for recycling the sub-band gap photons; and development of low-band gap tandem TPV cells for better utilization of the radiation spectrum. Sunlight concentrator and STPV modules were designed, fabricated, and tested under indoor and outdoor conditions. A cost-effective sunlight concentrator with Fresnel lens was developed as a primary concentrator and a secondary quartz meniscus lens ensured the high concentration ratio of ∼4000×, which is necessary for achieving the high efficiency of the concentrator–emitter system owing to trap escaping radiation. Several types of STPV modules have been developed and tested under concentrated sunlight. Photocurrent density of 4.5A∕cm2 was registered in a photoreceiver based on 1×1cm2GaSb cells under a solar powered tungsten emitter.

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A Novel High Concentration Fresnel Lens as a Solar Concentrator

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4051975 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Kuldeep Awasthi ◽

Desireddy Shashidhar Reddy ◽

Mohd. Kaleem Khan

Keyword(s):

Optical Axis ◽

Spherical Aberration ◽

Spherical Surface ◽

Fresnel Lens ◽

High Concentration ◽

Aperture Diameter ◽

Convex Lens ◽

Flat Base ◽

Fresnel Lenses ◽

Outer Vertex

Abstract This paper describes the design methodology for a novel Fresnel lens. The original Fresnel lens is obtained from a plano-convex lens, whose spherical surface is split into a number of divisions (called facets), collapsed onto the flat base. Thus, all the facets of the original Fresnel lens have the same radius as that of the plano-convex lens. The proposed design aims to achieve better ray concentration and reduced spherical aberration than the original Fresnel lens by constructing spherical facets with unequal radii. The centers and radii of facets are constrained so that the ray refracted from the bottom vertex of each facet on one side of the optical axis and the ray refracted from the outer vertex of the corresponding facet on the other side of the optical axis must intersect at the focal plane. The proposed lens design has resulted in a 275% gain in the concentration ratio and a 72.5% reduction in the spherical aberration compared to the original lens of the same aperture diameter and number of facets. The performance of both novel and original Fresnel lenses when used as solar concentrators with a conical coil receiver is evaluated. The novel Fresnel lens led to increased heat gain and resulted in a compact solar collector design.

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Влияние условий теплоотвода на характеристики концентраторных фотоэлектрических модулей

Физика и техника полупроводников ◽

10.21883/ftp.2018.03.45627.8725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 390

Author(s):

А.В. Андреева ◽

Н.Ю. Давидюк ◽

Д.А. Малевский ◽

А.Н. Паньчак ◽

Н.А. Садчиков ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Heat Dissipation ◽

Surrounding Medium ◽

Forward Bias ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Heat Removal ◽

Heat Sinks ◽

Thermal Processes ◽

Voltage Drops ◽

Fresnel Lenses

AbstractThe results of studying the effect of various conditions of heat dissipation on heating and temperature distribution in components of concentrator photovoltaic modules are reported. The modules based on Fresnel lenses and triple-junction solar cells InGaP/GaAs/Ge mounted on copper and steel heat sinks are studied. In order to determine the thermal characteristics, we use a method, which makes it possible to measure the temperature of the p–n junctions in the solar cells under laboratory conditions upon the simulation of thermal processes arising in the course of operation of the module under typical conditions. Further, the above temperature is used to calculate the value of the thermal resistance for a system consisting of a solar cell and the surrounding medium. The thermal processes in the module are simulated by transferring current through the solar cells in the forward-bias direction. The value of heating of the solar cells is determined by comparing the forward-voltage drops measured at the time of its rapid application or switching-off under various conditions of heat removal. The conditions of heat removal are varied using the generator’s air flow.

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К 125-летию со дня рождения лауреата Нобелевской премии академика Николая Николаевича Семенова Высокоэффективные фотоэлектрические модули с концентраторами солнечного излучения

Журнал технической физики ◽

10.21883/jtf.2021.06.50859.314-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 913

Author(s):

А.В. Чекалин ◽

А.В. Андреева ◽

Н.Ю. Давидюк ◽

Н.С. Потапович ◽

Н.А. Садчиков ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Research And Development ◽

Thermal Regime ◽

Solar Irradiance ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Fresnel Lens ◽

Photovoltaic Modules ◽

Module Design ◽

Multijunction Solar Cells ◽

Fresnel Lenses

The paper outlines the results of research and development of solar concentrated photovoltaic modules with an aperture area of 0.5 m^2. Module design was based on Fresnel lenses with inverted pyramids as secondary concentrators of solar irradiance, and multijunction solar cells located in the focus of Fresnel lens. The developed modules are characterized with up to 700X solar concentration ratio and optimal operational thermal regime for solar cells. The efficiency of developed photovoltaic modules exceeds 32% which makes them on par with modules of the similar design developed and manufactured globally.

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Fresnel Lens Soiling Characterization and Effect Upon Performance

ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/es2009-90321 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leonardo D. Banchik ◽

Aaron Sahm ◽

Robert Boehm ◽

Kenneth W. Stone

Keyword(s):

Power Production ◽

Fresnel Lens ◽

Measurement Procedure ◽

Power Performance ◽

High Concentration ◽

Pv System ◽

Direct Function ◽

Fresnel Lenses ◽

The University

The Amonix system is a high concentration PV system that utilizes acrylic Fresnel lenses to focus the sun’s rays onto dispersed PV cells. The Fresnel lenses become soiled with dust over time which decreases power performance. Because of the effect soiling has upon the system performance, Amonix and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) have defined a long term soiling investigation and cleaning methodology. The test and measurement procedure for determining Fresnel lens soiling rate characterization is discussed. Lens soiling rate data is presented for different sites that show the soiling rate is a direct function of the angle of the lens. This paper also discusses the test and measurement procedure of the first phase of an on-going Fresnel lens cleaning investigation. An assessment of the soiling rate upon power production is also presented.

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Significant Improvements of Near-IR Absorption, Electron Injection, and Oxidized Regeneration on Organic Sensitizers for Solar Cells

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C ◽

10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00953 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Beibei Xu ◽

Yuanzuo Li ◽

Peng Song ◽

Fengcai Ma ◽

Yanhui Yang

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Electron Injection ◽

Ir Absorption ◽

Near Ir ◽

Organic Sensitizers

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Experimental measurements of a prototype high-concentration Fresnel lens and sun-tracking method for photovoltaic panel’s efficiency enhancement

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics ◽

10.1007/s40094-015-0180-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 251-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meraj Rajaee ◽

Seyed Mohamad Bagher Ghorashi

Keyword(s):

Fresnel Lens ◽

Experimental Measurements ◽

Efficiency Enhancement ◽

High Concentration ◽

Tracking Method

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Effects of Beam Conditions in Ground Irradiation Tests on Degradation of Photovoltaic Characteristics of Space Solar Cells

Quantum Beam Science ◽

10.3390/qubs5020015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Mitsuru Imaizumi ◽

Takeshi Ohshima ◽

Yosuke Yuri ◽

Kohtaku Suzuki ◽

Yoshifumi Ito

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Proton Energy ◽

Proton Irradiation ◽

Test Method ◽

Fluence Rate ◽

Proton Beams ◽

Irradiation Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Area Expansion ◽

Photovoltaic Characteristics

We investigated the effects of irradiation beam conditions on the performance degradation of silicon and triple-junction solar cells for use in space. The fluence rates of electron and proton beams were varied. Degradation did not depend on the fluence rate of protons for both cells. A higher fluence rate of electrons caused greater degradation of the Si cell, but the dependence was due to the temperature increase during irradiation. Two beam-area expansion methods, defocusing and scanning, were examined for proton irradiation of various energies (50 keV–10 MeV). In comparing the output degradation from irradiation with defocused and scanned proton beams, no significant difference in degradation was found for any proton energy. We plan to reflect these findings into ISO standard of irradiation test method of space solar cells.

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