A CPV System Based on NIR Reflecting Lamellae Integrated into a Greenhouse: Optimizing of Optics

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Sonneveld ◽  
Gert Jan Swinkels
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Positive Side

In an previous research project a new type of greenhouse with an integrated concentrated photovoltaic system (CPV) was developed which has an integrated filter for reflecting the near infrared radiation (NIR) to the greenhouse and exploiting this radiation in a solar energy system. The performance of the system was promising. In this study further optimalisations of the CPV system are made to avoid the large construction for solar tracting. Hereto all parts will be integrated into the greenhouse. The NIR-reflector material is carried out as a NIR-reflective lamllea system and the CPV–module is mounted into the ridge. In this paper the results of the optimization process of the CPV system based on NIR reflecting lamellae is presented. The optimization process is based on a maximal total annual electricity production and is performed with a ray tracing model and actual radiation data. Results show that the optimization of the lamellae greenhouse can be seen from a theoretical and a practical point of view. Theoretically, the number of lamellae for the investigated concept must be high (>100) and focus with a generic focal length of 3.5 m and glazing bars must be avoided. Then the maximal annual electricity output can be over 26 kWh/m². In practice, mechanical restrictions, plant conditions and costs will determine the implementation. The proposed CPV-system has positive side-effects like reducing the heat load (and need for cooling) during summer and blocking of the direct radiation which can be harmful for some crops. With this, the feasibility of the system depends greatly on local conditions which require a tailor-made economical analysis.

scholarly journals Wind energy system in Ambocas-Ecuador: distributed generation and energy quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 609-613
Author(s):  
O. Cabeza-Gras ◽  
◽  
V. Jaramillo-García ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Wind Energy System ◽  
Full Operation

In this communication we present the construction of a wind farm, WF, with 10 MW of nominal power. This WF will increase the quantity and quality of electricity in the area of Ambocas, Loja, Ecuador, strengthen a system with many voltage drops. The place chosen is ideal, because it is long from population, in a hill side near an existing road. Wind is persistent and has a constant orientation all along the year. The generated power will be connected with the electricity system in the Portovelo Substation, which is about 12 km from the WF site. We have calculated the expected electricity production all along the year taking into account all important data to simulate successfully the WF operation in real conditions. We have also modelled the interconnexion of the WF with the substation and its effect in the 69 kV bar. Finally, a brief economical analysis of the project gives an annual average profit higher than 3.5 USD million without taxes, while the inversion would be cancelled in less than 5 years of the 20 ones planned for the WF in full operation.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Potential Analysis - Fuel Cell Hybrid Energy System for General-Purpose Building of Laboratory and Offices Using HOMER Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Sivachandran R. Perumal ◽  
Faizal Baharum ◽  
Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi ◽  
Mohd Faizal Omar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy System ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
System A ◽  
Laboratory Facility

This paper presents a performance analysis of the potential study in complementing grid utility supply with the renewable energy system. A general-purpose building consisting of office and laboratory facility has been chosen as a test case with a hybrid system of fuel cell and solar photovoltaic cells installed in addition to the existing grid power supply. HOMER simulation software was used to run the simulations, and the results showed that only the photovoltaic system is more economical to be integrated into the system. Cost-saving from the feed-in-tariff point of view was observed spanning over several years after the initial capital cost was returned.

scholarly journals Accessibility and Sustainability of Hybrid Energy Systems for a Cement Factory in Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Wesam H. Beitelmal ◽  
Paul C. Okonkwo ◽  
Fadhil Al Housni ◽  
Wael Alruqi ◽  
Omar Alruwaythi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Diesel generators are being used as a source of electricity in different parts of the world. Because of the significant expense in diesels cost and the requirement for a greener domain, such electric generating systems appear not to be efficient and environmentally friendly and should be tended to. This paper explores the attainability of utilizing a sustainable power source based on a cross-breed electric system in the cement factory in Salalah, Oman. The HOMER software that breaks down the system setup was utilized to examine the application and functional limitations of each hybridized plan. The result showed that a renewable-energy (RE)-based system has a lower cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC) compared to diesel generator-based hybrid electric and standalone systems. Although the two pure renewable hybrid energy systems considered in this study displayed evidence of no emissions, lower NPC and COE values are observed in the photovoltaic/battery (PV/B) hybrid energy system compared with photovoltaic/wind turbine/battery (PV/WT/B). The PV/WT/B and PV/B systems have higher electricity production and low NPC and COE values. Moreover, the PV/B has the highest return on investment (ROI) and internal rate of return (IRR), making the system the most economically viable and adjudged to be a better candidate for rural community electrification demands.

scholarly journals Temporal load resolution impact on PV/grid system energy flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 04003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Jaszczur ◽  
Qusay Hassan ◽  
Janusz Teneta
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Pv Grid

In this paper, an investigation of the electrical load temporal resolution on the PV/Grid energy system flows, and self-consumption is done in order to determine the optimum parameters for modelling and simulation. The analysed PV/Grid power systems include a photovoltaic system with the nominal power of Pmax@STC=1.5, 2.5, 3.5 kW without storage unit connected to the grid. The results show that the temporal load resolution may have a high impact on energy flows as well as can be a critical issue for the system analysis accuracy even for the single household. It has been found that the load temporal resolution for energy consumption of 1-min yields reliable results, while data resolutions of 5 and 15 min are still sufficient, however, in that case, the daily electrical energy flows and in consequence energy self-consumption estimation error for selected days may exceed 15%. Acquisition time step longer than 15-minutes may increase error above 20% and from the designer’s point of view should not be used. The high and low temporal resolution experimental data of the electricity consumption (load) for a household are available in digital form on the author’s website http://home.agh.edu.pl/jaszczur.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF BIOENERGY PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Ghereş ◽  
V. Roş ◽  
Teodora Chira ◽  
L. V. Fechete ◽  
A. Molnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Solid Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Farm

In the paper is presented a study regarding the bio-energetic potential of agricultural crops and the evaluation possibilities of agricultural wastes for energetic proposes. In the study is analyzed, from technical and economical point of view, the phases of energy from solid biomass conversion. The authors proposed an agricultural farm for the evaluation of energetic potential of agricultural solid biomass as a fuel.

scholarly journals Determination of the composition of multilayer plastic packaging with NIR spectroscopy

Detritus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Xiaozheng Chen ◽  
Nils Kroell ◽  
Alexander Feil ◽  
Thomas Pretz
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Detection And Separation

In food and medical packaging, multiple layers of different polymers are combined in order to achieve optimal functional properties for various applications. Flexible multilayer plastic packaging achieves a reduction in weight compared to other packaging products with the same function, saving material and in transportation costs. Recycling of post-industrial multilayer packaging was achieved by some companies, but the available technologies are limited to specific polymer types. For post-consumer waste, recycling of multilayer packaging has not been achieved yet. One of the main challenges in plastic sorting is that the detection and separation of multilayer packaging from other materials is not possible yet. In this study, the possibility to detect and sort flexible multilayer plastic packaging was investigated with near-infrared spectroscopy, which is the state-of-the-art technology for plastic sorting. The results show that from a detection and classification point of view, sorting of monolayer, two- and three-layers samples under laboratory conditions is possible. According to the captured data, the sequence of layers has little influence on the spectra. In case of glossy samples, the spectra are influenced by printed surfaces. With an increase in thickness, the spectra get more characteristic, which makes the classification easier. Our results indicate that the sorting of post-consumer multilayer plastic packaging by main composition is theoretically achievable.

A geothermal energy system for wastewater sludge drying and electricity production in a small island

Energy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Calise ◽  
S. Di Fraia ◽  
A. Macaluso ◽  
N. Massarotti ◽  
L. Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Sludge Drying

Foundations for a Low-Carbon Energy System in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Lee ◽  
Daniel P. Schrag ◽  
Matthew Bunn ◽  
Michael Davidson ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Climate change is a key problem of the 21st century. China, as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has committed to stabilize its current emissions and dramatically increase the share of electricity production from non-fossil fuels by 2030. However, this is only a first step: in the longer term, China needs to aggressively strive to reach a goal of zero-emissions. Through detailed discussions of electricity pricing, electric vehicle policies, nuclear energy policies, and renewable energy policies, this book reviews how near-term climate and energy policies can affect long-term decarbonization pathways beyond 2030, building the foundations for decarbonization in advance of its realization. Focusing primarily on the electricity sector in China - the main battleground for decarbonization over the next century – it provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers, as well as energy and climate experts.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Demand on Integration of Urban Large-Scale Renewable Schemes—Case of Helsinki City (60 °N)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Vahid Arabzadeh ◽  
Peter D. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Demand

Heat demand dominates the final energy use in northern cities. This study examines how changes in heat demand may affect solutions for zero-emission energy systems, energy system flexibility with variable renewable electricity production, and the use of existing energy systems for deep decarbonization. Helsinki city (60 °N) in the year 2050 is used as a case for the analysis. The future district heating demand is estimated considering activity-driven factors such as population increase, raising the ambient temperature, and building energy efficiency improvements. The effect of the heat demand on energy system transition is investigated through two scenarios. The BIO-GAS scenario employs emission-free gas technologies, bio-boilers and heat pumps. The WIND scenario is based on large-scale wind power with power-to-heat conversion, heat pumps, and bio-boilers. The BIO-GAS scenario combined with a low heat demand profile (−12% from 2018 level) yields 16% lower yearly costs compared to a business-as-usual higher heat demand. In the WIND-scenario, improving the lower heat demand in 2050 could save the annual system 6–13% in terms of cost, depending on the scale of wind power.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of Electrification of the Road Transport Sector on the Possible Penetration of Nuclear Fusion in the Long-Term European Energy Mix

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3634
Author(s):  
Daniele Lerede ◽  
Chiara Bustreo ◽  
Francesco Gracceva ◽  
Yolanda Lechón ◽  
Laura Savoldi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
The Road

The European Roadmap towards the production of electricity from nuclear fusion foresees the potential availability of nuclear fusion power plants (NFPPs) in the second half of this century. The possible penetration of that technology, typically addressed by using the global energy system EUROFusion TIMES Model (ETM), will depend, among other aspects, on its costs compared to those of the other available technologies for electricity production, and on the future electricity demand. This paper focuses on the ongoing electrification process of the transport sector, with special attention devoted to road transport. A survey on the present and forthcoming technologies, as foreseen by several manufacturers and other models, and an international vehicle database are taken into account to develop the new road transport module, then implemented and harmonized inside ETM. Following three different storylines, the computed results are presented in terms of the evolution of the road transport demand in the next decades, fleet composition and CO 2 emissions. The ETM results are in line with many other studies. On one hand, they highlight, for the European road transport energy consumption pattern, the need for dramatic changes in the transport market, if the most ambitious environmental goals are to be pursued. On the other hand, the results also show that NFPP adoption on a commercial scale could be justified within the current projection of the investment costs, if the deep penetration of electricity in the road transport sector also occurs.

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