Sacrificial Protection Efficiency Calculations Based on the Results of Stochastically Simulating the Parameters

Unique corrosion conditions in oil refining processes lead to the necessity of using passive and active protection systems, aimed at preventing from damages and ensuring the correct operating conditions of machines. To prevent from the development of corrosion processes on the internal surfaces of horizontal settlers, sacrificial protection is used. Before installing such a protection, they usually calculate the number of protectors to be installed in parallel. Some inputs are stochastic by their nature, which should be considered in assessing the risk of non-achieving the required protection level. The probabilistic model proposed to calculate the parameters of sacrificial tank protection that allows performing an exploratory design based on considering various environmental aspects to decide on the efficiency of sacrificial protection and to assess the achievement of the required protection level.

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Trends in the development of flexible thermal protection systems for modern aircraft

Perspektivnye Materialy ◽

10.30791/1028-978x-2020-6-10-21 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-21

Author(s):

V. G. Babashov ◽

◽

N. M. Varrik ◽

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Thermal Protection ◽

Heat Removal ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Passive Protection ◽

Thermal Protection Systems ◽

Heat Protection ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Protected Surface ◽

Flexible Panels

The emergence of new types of space and aviation technology necessitates the development of new types of thermal protection systems capable of operating at high temperature and long operating times. There are several types of thermal protection systems for different operating conditions: active thermal protection systems using forced supply of coolant to the protected surface, passive thermal protection systems using materials with low thermal conductivity without additional heat removal, high-temperature systems, which are simultaneously elements of the bearing structure and provide thermal protection, ablation materials. Heat protection systems in the form of rigid tiles and flexible panels, felt and mats are most common kind of heat protecting systems. This article examines the trends of development of flexible reusable heat protection systems intended for passive protection of aircraft structural structures from overheating.

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Pesticide removal efficiencies of soybean oil refining processes

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf00029a010 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 731-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Makoto. Miyahara ◽

Yukio. Saito

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Pesticide Removal ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Refining Processes

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Effect of air combustion preheater on furnace efficiency by using refinery simulator

Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies ◽

10.52716/jprs.v7i3.161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 75-87

Author(s):

Dr.Yosif J. Kadhem Almosawi ◽

Warqaa A. Kadhem Alshimmary

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Fuel Gas ◽

Air Preheater ◽

Heating Efficiency ◽

Gas Consumption ◽

The Right ◽

Heating Up

One of the basic crude oil refining steps is the heat up to high temperature about 3700 C, which is done in the furnace. The balance between fuel and air required to combustion provide an economical and efficient heating. In this research operating data of heating up the furnace are collected by using an interactive simulator of Drilling System Company (ORTIS) which gives a flexibility of operation cannot be obtained in real furnace, these data are related to find the operation paths under different control system of manual, automatic and working automatic without pre-heating are used . Using of combustion air preheater, by exchanging heat with the flue gases, leading to increase furnace heating efficiency from 85% to 93% also the fuel supplied to the burners is more less than working without preheater. As the simulator used in this research very closed to real operating system of furnace which cover all the variables of furnace inside temperatures, excess air analyzer, and fuel gas control and inside pressure control. The using of interactive simulator is very useful in stating the right operating conditions. The use of pre-heating of combustion air is best economical method to reach heating the crude oil to the required temperature with minimum fuel gas consumption, which directly affects the efficiencies of the furnace in each case.

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Study of the composition and environmental aspects of the use of pyrolysis distillate of the Ustyurt gas chemical complex

World of petroleum products ◽

10.32758/2782-3040-2021-0-5-28-33 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 05 ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

M.N. Tsukanov ◽

◽

V.M. Kapustin ◽

M.J. Makhmudov ◽

R.V. Khakimov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

Pyrolysis Products ◽

Useful Components ◽

Wide Range ◽

Harmful Emissions ◽

Liquid Pyrolysis Products ◽

Broad Fraction ◽

Technical Products

The development of technologically efficient and economical methods of using liquid pyrolysis products is a task of current interest. Despite the apparent variety of developments, the proposed methods are reduced either to obtaining a set of fractions, which are subsequently used as technical products, or to obtaining a wide range of individual compounds. The complexity and wastelessness of oil refining and petrochemistry, which has become especially acute due to the increasing negative impact of human activities on the environment, provides for the complete utilization of all material flows with the maximum extraction of useful components, the use of technologies, catalysts and reagents that exclude the formation of harmful emissions and waste. Currently, one of the most common methods for producing lower olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylenes) is the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons of various origins (gas, straight-run gasoline, a broad fraction of light hydrocarbons, etc.).

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Experimental Assessment of Fouling Effects in a Multistage Axial Compressor

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202019711007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 11007

Author(s):

Nicola Casari ◽

Michele Pinelli ◽

Pier Ruggero Spina ◽

Alessio Suman ◽

Alessandro Vulpio

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Axial Compressor ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Rotor Blades ◽

Small Scale ◽

Performance Loss ◽

Machine Performance ◽

Internal Surfaces ◽

Analysis Package ◽

Multistage Axial Compressor

The study of the adhesion of micro sized particles to gas turbine internal surfaces, commonly known as gas turbine fouling, has gained increasing attention in the last years due to its dramatic effect on machine performance and reliability. On-field fouling analysis is mostly related to visual inspections during overhaul and/or programmed stops, which are performed, in particular, when gas turbine performance degradation falls under predetermined thresholds. However, these analyses, even if performed in the most complete as possible way, are rarely (or never) related to the conditions under which the gas turbine contamination takes place since the affecting parameters are difficult or even impossible to be adequately monitored. In the present work, a small scale multistage axial compressor is used to experimentally simulate the fouling phenomenon. The test rig allows the accurate control of the most relevant operating parameters which influence the fouling phenomenon. The compressor performance loss due to particle contamination has been quantitatively assessed. Soot particles appear stickier, especially in the presence of high humidity, and represent the most harmful operating conditions for the compressor unit. The deposits on the stator vanes and the rotor blades have been detected and post-processed, highlighting the most affected regions of each compressor stage employing an image analysis package tool.

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A Solution to CT Saturation by Gregory Newton's Backward Interpolation

International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems ◽

10.2202/1553-779x.2839 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Sukanta Das ◽

Gautam Bandyopadhyay ◽

Prasid Syam

Keyword(s):

Operating Conditions ◽

Discrete Wavelet ◽

Mother Wavelet ◽

Secondary Current ◽

Steel Core ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Controller Board ◽

Abnormal Operating Conditions ◽

Secondary Side ◽

Primary Current

Saturation problem in steel core Current Transformers (CTs) causes dreadful effects in protection systems as true replica of the primary current is not always reflected in CT secondary side under abnormal operating conditions. This is why detection and production of exact replica of primary current in the CT secondary side is very crucial. This paper presents a discrete wavelet transform based application using 'Daubechies3’ as mother wavelet for the detection of saturation. The compensation of saturated signal is done by Gregory Newton's Backward Interpolation (GNBI). The whole scheme of detection of CT saturation and compensation of saturated CT secondary current has been successfully tested on various saturated signals simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK with various case studies. Finally, the scheme is validated in real time using DS1104 controller board of dSPACE. The results obtained are very encouraging.

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A Comparative Energy and Economic Analysis between a Low Enthalpy Geothermal Design and Gas, Diesel and Biomass Technologies for a HVAC System Installed in an Office Building

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12050870 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José Villarino ◽

Alberto Villarino ◽

I. de Arteaga ◽

Roberto Quinteros ◽

Alejandro Alañón

Keyword(s):

Heat Pump ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Office Building ◽

Geothermal System ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

Pump System ◽

Heat Pump System ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Ground Coupled Heat Pump

This paper presents an analysis of economic and energy between a ground-coupled heat pump system and other available technologies, such as natural gas, biomass, and diesel, providing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning to an office building. All the proposed systems are capable of reaching temperatures of 22 °C/25 °C in heating and cooling modes. EnergyPlus software was used to develop a simulation model and carry out the validation process. The first objective of the paper is the validation of the numerical model developed in EnergyPlus with the experimental results collected from the monitored building to evaluate the system in other operating conditions and to compare it with other available technologies. The second aim of the study is the assessment of the position of the low enthalpy geothermal system proposed versus the rest of the systems, from energy, economic, and environmental aspects. In addition, the annual heating and cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio (COPsys) of the ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) shown is higher than the others. The economic results determine a period between 6 and 9 years for the proposed GCHP system to have lower economic cost than the rest of the systems. The results obtained determine that the GCHP proposed system can satisfy the thermal demand in heating and cooling conditions, with optimal environmental values and economic viability.

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Cross Wind Protection Systems for High Speed Railway Lines

2010 Joint Rail Conference, Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/jrc2010-36112 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Paula Alvarez-Legazpi ◽

Marta Vargas-Mun˜oz ◽

Jose´ Conrado Marti´nez-Acevedo ◽

Joaqui´n Botella-Malago´n ◽

Manuel Rodri´guez-Ferna´ndez

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Rolling Stock ◽

Railway Traffic ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Active Protection ◽

Rail Line ◽

Forecast Models ◽

Key Issues ◽

Wind Detection ◽

The Cross

Higher operating rail speeds and lighter rolling stock means that cross wind, a factor that had not been considered for railway operations until recent times, has acquired vital importance in keeping adequate safety levels for railway transport of passengers. The overturn risk for a train circulating on a high speed line is determined by three key issues: • TRAIN: its aerodynamic and dynamic characteristics. • LINE: radius, azimuth, type of infrastructure, etc. • WIND: speed and angle with the train: – Wind statistics at the cross wind detection stations. – Wind models with spatial extrapolation for estimating average and actual wind on each section of the line. – Temporal forecast models at the cross wind detection stations. The combination of a certain rail line and a specific vehicle allows the determination of the criticality of each site. Once the authoritative safety target has been defined, according to this overturn risk, the adequate operating procedures must be defined. There are three possible types of protection systems: • Passive protection: protection walls or wind screens. • Active protection: short term (minutes) wind alert systems that impose restrictions to train speed when strong cross wind conditions are predicted. • Special procedures to regulate railway traffic under critical wind conditions. This paper presented hereby describes the studies to determine the susceptible sections to be protected, focus afterwards, specifically on active protection systems themselves, and main actions for its implementation.

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