Scour Depth Prediction for Asa Dam Bridge, Ilorin, Using Artificial Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Samson Olalekan Odeyemi ◽  
Mutiu Adelodun Akinpelu ◽  
Rasheed Abdulwahab ◽  
Kazeem Adeshina Dauda ◽  
Stella Chris-Ukaegbu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Scour Depth ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Average Flow Velocity ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
The North ◽  
Depth Prediction ◽  
Pile Cap ◽  
Artificial Neural

Bridge Scour is the localized loss of the geomaterials around the foundation of a bridge as a result of the movement of water around it. Scour is a great risk to the stability of a bridge’s foundation, thus leading to collapse, loss of lives and setback in a nation’s socio-economic life. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are collections of simple, highly connected processing elements that learn according to sets of input parameters and use that to simulate the networks of nerve cells of humans or animal central nervous system. The Asa Dam Bridge, one of the longest bridges in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, has five (5) spans of 20m each. The bridge connects Ilorin to the Ogbomosho Express way (leading to the western part of the country) and the Eyenkorin-Jebba road (leading to the north). Thus, the bridge has a high economic value. In this research, factors such as flow depth, average flow velocity of the river and median sediment size were investigated to show how they affect the depth of scour around the bridge pile foundation. Data were taken for a period of 48 weeks and ANN was applied to predict and generate a model that shows how these factors relate to the scour depth of the riverbed. The model revealed that the hydraulic parameters and soil grading around the pile cap of Asa River Bridge bears significant influence on the scour depth of its foundation. The model was compared with five (5) other established scour equations.

scholarly journals Application of Improved GMDH Models to Predict Local Scour Depth at Complex Bridge Piers

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibeh Ghodsi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Khanjani
Keyword(s):  
Local Scour ◽  
Bridge Pier ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Scour Depth ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Depth Prediction ◽  
Pile Cap ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Statistical Criteria

Scour depth prediction is a vital issue in bridge pier design. Recently, good progress has been made in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict scour depth around hydraulic structures base such as bridge piers. In this study, two hybrid intelligence models based on combination of group method of data handling (GMDH) with harmony search algorithm (HS) and shuffled complex evolution (SCE) have been developed to predict local scour depth around complex bridge piers using 82 laboratory data measured by authors and  615 data points from published literature. The results were compared to conventional GMDH models with two kinds of transfer functions called GMDH1 and GMDH2. Based upon the pile cap location, data points were divided into three categories. The performance of all utilized models was evaluated by the statistical criteria of R, RMSE, MAPE, BIAS, and SI. Performances of developed models were evaluated by experimental data points collected in laboratory experiments, together with commonly empirical equations. The results showed that GMDH2SCE was the superior model in terms of all statistical criteria in training when the pile cap was above the initial bed level and completely buried pile cap. For a partially-buried pile cap, GMDH1SCE offered the best performance. Among empirical equations, HEC-18 produced relatively good performances for different types of complex piers. This study recommends hybrid GMDH models, as powerful tools in complex bridge pier scour depth prediction.

scholarly journals Gene-expression programming to predict pier scour depth using laboratory data

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujahid Khan ◽  
H. Md. Azamathulla ◽  
M. Tufail
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Programming ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Bridge Pier ◽  
Scour Depth ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pier Scour ◽  
Depth Prediction ◽  
Bridge Pier Scour

Prediction of bridge pier scour depth is essential for safe and economical bridge design. Keeping in mind the complex nature of bridge scour phenomenon, there is a need to properly address the methods and techniques used to predict bridge pier scour. Up to the present, extensive research has been carried out for pier scour depth prediction. Different modeling techniques have been applied to achieve better prediction. This paper presents a new soft computing technique called gene-expression programming (GEP) for pier scour depth prediction using laboratory data. A functional relationship has been established using GEP and its performance is compared with other artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) and conventional regression-based techniques. Laboratory data containing 529 datasets was divided into calibration and validation sets. The performance of GEP was found to be highly satisfactory and encouraging when compared to regression equations but was slightly inferior to ANN. This slightly inferior performance of GEP compared to ANN is offset by its capability to provide compact and explicit mathematical expression for bridge scour. This advantage of GEP over ANN is the main motivation for this work. The resulting GEP models will add to the existing literature of AI-based inductive models for bridge scour modeling.

The North Ocean Fishery in Japan's Economic Life

1939 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
Nagaharu Yasuo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
The North

Demand for Herbaceous Ornamental Germplasm from the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 650f-650
Author(s):  
Mark P. Widrlechner
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
North Central Regional ◽  
Crop Germplasm

In 1991, the USDA–ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station made available for distribution 129 accessions of germplasm representing 31 genera of herbaceous ornamentals. This number increased to 329 accessions of 42 genera by 1995. During 1991–95, more than 500 seed packets were distributed to fulfill requests for these plants received from a diverse array of public and private researchers. An analysis of this demand together with expert advice from Crop Germplasm Committees and technical considerations, such as ease of culture and seed production, can help set priorities to plan germplasm regeneration to meet future demand. A recent analysis of demand at U.S. National Plant Germplasm System active sites indicated that demand ranging between 0.23 and 0.97 distributions per available accession per year was typical. Of the 42 ornamental genera analyzed in this study, 9 were demanded more frequently than was typical, 10 were demanded less frequently, with the remainder in the typical range. In order of increasing frequency, the nine genera with the highest distribution rates were Verbena, Gypsophila, Echinacea, Lapeirousia, Delphinium, Cerastium, Baptisia, Lilium, and Tanacetum. Six of these genera are represented only by a single available accession. Notably, Echinacea and Tanacetum are of research interest both as ornamentals and as medicinal/industrial crops. This poster gives a brief overview of the economic value of these genera, display the results of the demand analysis, discuss the results relative to recommendations from Crop Germplasm Committees and requestors, and consider how demand can shape management plans for the acquisition and regeneration of ornamental germplasm.

Kampungs and Conflict in Colonial Semarang

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Cobban
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
City Council ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

By the beginning of the twentieth century, Semarang was a major port city and administrative centre on Java. Attainment of this position was due partly to the expansion of its hinterland during the nineteenth century. This expansion was closely related to developments in the means of transportation and the consequent ability of plantation owners to bring the products of their plantations to the port for shipment to foreign markets. By the end of the century virtually the whole economic life of central Java focused upon Semarang. The city also exercised administrative functions in the Dutch colonial administration and generally had been responsible for Dutch interests in the middle and eastern parts of the island. The importance of Semarang as an administrative centre increased after 1906. In that year the government incorporated the city as an urban municipality (stadsgemeente). In 1914 it had consular representation from the United States, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy, Norway, Germany, and Thailand. Subsequently, in 1926 it became the capital of the Province of Central Java under the terms of an administrative reform fostered by the colonial government at Batavia. Status as an urban municipality meant that local officials sitting on a city council would govern the domestic affairs of the city. The members of the city council at first were appointed from Batavia, subsequently some of them were elected by residents of the city. By the beginning of the twentieth century Semarang had enhanced its position as a major port on the north coast of the island of Java. It was one of the foremost cities of the Dutch East Indies, along with Batavia and Surabaya, a leading port and a centre of administration and trade. This article outlines the growth of the port of Semarang during the nineteenth century and discusses some of the conflict related to this growth over living conditions in parts of the city during the twentieth century, a conflict which smouldered for several decades among the government, members of the city council, and the non-European residents of the city, one which remained unresolved at the end of the colonial era.

Inbreeding, Migration and Age at Marriage in Rural Toledo, Spain

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Ciudad Real ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
South West ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
The Town ◽  
Common Plant

The natural region of the Jara, with an area of 2500 km2 occupies much of the south west of the province of Toledo, and extends into the provinces of Caceres and Ciudad Real. It is situated between the Tajo and Guadiana rivers, south of the town of Talavera de la Reina, the centre of the economic life in this region. Its highlands are covered with xerophytic vegetation, of which the most common plant is the jara (Cistus ladaniferus), from which this zone takes it name, (Fig. 1). It has been occupied from the neolithic period onwards by peoples of different origins, e.g. Romans, Muslims, Jews, Mozarabs (Jimenez de Gregorio, 1959) but the present population derives from settlement from the north of the Tajo river beginning in the 14th century following the upheavals of the Moslem–Christian wars.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Networks for Satellite Image Classification of Shoreline Extraction for Land and Water Classes of the North West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1382-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syaifulnizam Abd Manaf ◽  
Norwati Mustapha ◽  
Md. Nasir Sulaiman ◽  
Nor Azura Husin ◽  
Mohd Radzi Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Artificial Neural

scholarly journals Nose-Angle Bridge Piers as Alternative Countermeasures for Local Scour Reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtesam Abudallah Habib ◽  
Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar ◽  
Atef Elsaiad ◽  
Ahmed El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Froude Number ◽  
Local Scour ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Scour Depth ◽  
Skew Angle ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Low Froude Number ◽  
Skew Angles ◽  
Depth Reduction

This study investigates the performance nose-angle piers as countermeasures for local scour reduction around piers. Four nose angles were studied, i.e., 90°, 70°, 60° and 45° and tested in a laboratory. The sediment size was fixed at 0.39 mm whereas the flow angle of attack (or skew angle) was varied at four angles, i.e., skew angles, i.e., 0°, 10°, 20° and 30°. Scour reduction was clear when decreasing nose angles and reached maximum when the nose angle is 45°. Increasing the flow velocity and skew angle was subsequently increasing the scour profile, both in vertical and transversal directions. However, the efficiency of nose angle piers was only high at low Froude number less than 0.40 where higher Froude number gives minimal changes in the maximum scour depth reduction. At a higher skew angle, although showed promising maximum scour depth reduction, the increasing pier projected width resulted in the increase of transversal lengths.

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