Kampungs and Conflict in Colonial Semarang

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Cobban
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
City Council ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

By the beginning of the twentieth century, Semarang was a major port city and administrative centre on Java. Attainment of this position was due partly to the expansion of its hinterland during the nineteenth century. This expansion was closely related to developments in the means of transportation and the consequent ability of plantation owners to bring the products of their plantations to the port for shipment to foreign markets. By the end of the century virtually the whole economic life of central Java focused upon Semarang. The city also exercised administrative functions in the Dutch colonial administration and generally had been responsible for Dutch interests in the middle and eastern parts of the island. The importance of Semarang as an administrative centre increased after 1906. In that year the government incorporated the city as an urban municipality (stadsgemeente). In 1914 it had consular representation from the United States, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy, Norway, Germany, and Thailand. Subsequently, in 1926 it became the capital of the Province of Central Java under the terms of an administrative reform fostered by the colonial government at Batavia. Status as an urban municipality meant that local officials sitting on a city council would govern the domestic affairs of the city. The members of the city council at first were appointed from Batavia, subsequently some of them were elected by residents of the city. By the beginning of the twentieth century Semarang had enhanced its position as a major port on the north coast of the island of Java. It was one of the foremost cities of the Dutch East Indies, along with Batavia and Surabaya, a leading port and a centre of administration and trade. This article outlines the growth of the port of Semarang during the nineteenth century and discusses some of the conflict related to this growth over living conditions in parts of the city during the twentieth century, a conflict which smouldered for several decades among the government, members of the city council, and the non-European residents of the city, one which remained unresolved at the end of the colonial era.

scholarly journals DAMPAK SUBSIDI TERHADAP SURPLUS PRODUSEN DAN TOTAL BENEFIT PERIKANAN TANGKAP PANTURA JAWA TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Armen Zulham
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
High Impact ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Producer Surplus ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fisheries Subsidies ◽  
The Impact

hidup nelayan. Salah satu indikator untuk menilai peningkatan taraf hidup nelayan akibat dari subsidi adalah surplus produsen dan total benefit dari eksploitasi potensi ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan quaterly data 1998 - 2002, pada delapan lokasi pendaratan ikan di Pantura Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menghitung surplus produsen berdasarkan: baseline (tanpa subsidi) dan subsidi. Perhitungan surplus produsen dilakukan dengan program Maple dengan memasukkan koefisien yang diperoleh dari pendekatan regresi. Secara umum hasil analisis tersebut menunjukkan subsidi perikanan akan mendorong peningkatan surplus produsen. Pengaruh subsidi perikanan yang meningkatkan surplus produsen dalam jumlah yang relatif tinggi terjadi pada daerah Kabupaten Brebes, Kota Tegal, Kabupaten Tegal, Kabupaten Pemalang, dan Kota Pekalongan. Sementara pengaruh subsidi perikanan terhadap peningkatan surplus produsen di Kabupaten Batang, Kabupaten Pekalongan dan Kabupaten Kendal dapat dikatakan relatif kecil. Peningkatan surplus produsen belum tentu meningkatkan total benefit, hal ini terjadi jika surplus produsen baseline lebih besar dari surplus produsen subsidi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa pemberian subsidi pada perikanan tangkap perlu lebih teliti dan terarah agartujuan alokasi subsidi tersebut dapat lebih efektif. Tittle: Impact Of Subsidy On Producer Surplus And Total Benefit In The North Coast of the Central Java FisherySubsidy is a fiscal policy; fisheries subsidy proposed by the government intended to support the the standart of living for fishing community. Producer surplus and total benefit could be used as indicators to measured the impact of subsidy on the fishery. The quaterly data from 1998 - 2000 from 8 fish landing centers in Northcoast of Central Java were used in the analysis. The producer surpluses were calculated for baseline and subsidy. The Maple software was used to calculate producer surpluses. In general fisheries subsidy lead to increase producer surplus. A relatively high impact of fisheries subsidy on producer surplus was indicated by Kabupaten Brebes, Kota Tegal, Kabupaten Tegal, Kabupaten Pemalang, and Kota Pekalongan. Meanwhile, the increasing of producer surplus in Kabupaten Batang, Kabupaten Pekalongan and Kabupaten Kendal was indicating relatively low. The increasing value of producer surplus is not necessary follow by the increasing value of the total benefit, particularly when the baseline's producer surplus is greater than subsidy's producer surplus. This research recommends that the fisheries subsidies should be allocated properly to the fishery in order to ensure the effectiveness of the policy.

Sowing Mexican Petroleum

Worldview ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Frank Meissner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Rural Sector ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Generation

Throughout most of the twentieth century Mexico's rural sector has been an open sore. In the years following the 1910-17 revolution, large private estates were expropriated by the government and divided into tiny plots for distribution to landless peasants. But political power soon passed from the countryside to the cities. The peasants, victorious in the revolution, were largely neglected by subsequent “revolutionary” governments.As a result, the near-feudal social conditions of nineteenth-century Mexico were perpetuated. Most peasants, lacking credit, seeds, fertilizer, machinery, and education, were scarcely able to feed their own families. With each new generation the tiny plots were further subdivided and more and more farmers were forced to migrate to cities or to follow seasonal crop harvests as far north as the United States.

Integration and Disintegration on the North American Continent

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Strain ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Multiethnic States

Although ours is an age of transnational economic and political forces, itis even more an age of intense and intensifying nationalism. In fact, taken as a whole, the twentieth century has been a time of political fragmentation and disintegration. Much of the handiwork of political integration that characterized the nineteenth century has been undone and much else is under severe strain. The empires and multiethnic states that formerly provided order and unity over much of the globe have been destroyed. Once stable societies like Belgium, Canada, and the United States have become subject to severe internal strain. Yet despite the prevalence of this phenomenon, very few political scientists have studied from a systematic perspective the process of political disintegration.

scholarly journals Pancasila and Islamic Education: The Deradicalization Model of Madrasahs Based on Islamic Boarding Schools in Central Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
I. Ihsan ◽  
Ahmad Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
First Principle ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Collection Methods

<p>The purpose of this study is to review the deradicalization strategy in religion through strengthening the understanding of Pancasila in the context of Islamic Education at Islamic boarding madrasahs in Central Java. This study involved <em>Madrasah-Pesantren</em>/Madrasahs-Islamic Boarding schools (MP) in the North Coast (Pantura) Region of Central Java, including Madrasah Aliyah (MA) al-Wathoniyah Semarang, MA Qudsiyyah Kudus, MA al-Hidayah Kudus, MA al-Hidayat Lasem Rembang, and MA al-Anwar Sarang Rembang. By employing a qualitative approach through interview and observation data collection methods, this study revealed that the government of the Republic of Indonesia's religious deradicalization program requires support from Islamic boarding schools. One of them is the conceptual support that makes the program effective, referring to deradicalization through Islamic Education (PAI). This deradicalization process is carried out through strengthening Pancasila values integrated through PAI. It is based on the style of radicalism, especially among Muslims who question the national principle's validity of Pancasila in the name of Islam. Pancasila is considered a secular ideology and even <em>kafir</em> because it did not depart from God's revelation. Indeed, this judgment is baseless because the first principle is Belief in the Almighty God, reflecting the value of <em>tawhid</em>. With the existence of <em>tawhid</em> in Pancasila, this national principle is religious in nature, even comprising <em>tawhid</em>. This religious dimension introduction is carried out through Islamic Education in <em>Madrasah-Pesantren</em> (MP) to protect students (santri) and students from the radicalism virus.</p>

scholarly journals Letter from Lieut. Gillies, U. S. N., to Lieut.-Col. Sabine, R. A., For. Sec. R. S

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 990-994
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Days Open ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City ◽  
North Latitude

Dear Sir,—I had the pleasure to receive your letter of Aug. 3rd by the last monthly steamer from the north, and greatly lamented I could not answer it by the mail, which left Dec. 30th. Leaving the United States on the 16th of August, want of a proper amount of fire surface in the boilers of the steam-ship, caused my arrival at Chagres only on the day (27th) when the mail for Chile left. A month was thus unavoidably lost; for in anticipation of a passage through without delay, all instruments, except an aneroid barometer and thermometer, had been despatched round Cape Horn. With these such observations were made, until arrival here, as their construction permitted. From the indications of the aneroid there is a region extending from 200 miles to the S. S. W. of San Domingo to about 1° of north latitude on this side of the continent, where the pressure rarely exceeds 29·850 in., nor was the barometer but once in that whole distance as high as 29·900 in. At Panama the mean is 29·795 in. from observations at 9 a.m., 3 p.m., and 9 p.m., with a mean diurnal fall from the first to the second hours of ·08 in. The temperature for the same hours was 81°·0 with a range of 2°·9, and almost constantly saturated with moisture, though rain fell no more frequently than often occurs during the same period in the United States. As evidence of the hygrometric condition of the atmosphere, it was found impossible to dry clothing in my room after several days’ open exposure, and they were finally exposed to the direct rays of the sun. Leather moulds in forty-eight hours. The light wind experienced was almost constantly from the northward and westward during the day, and variable at night. I think Lieut.-Col. Emery made observations for declination and dip en route for California, but nothing is known to me of the results, and I must await our return to give you data on these points. Should nothing intervene to change present intentions, I contemplate making observations at each of the fifteen ports where the steamer touches between Valparaiso and Panama. Nothing of note occurred during our passage to Chile. There was time to glance at Buonaventura, Guyaquil, Payta, Huanchaco (part of Truxillo), Casma, five days at Lima, Pisco, Islay, Arica, Iquique, Coleiga, Copiapo and Coquimbo,—a multitude of little towns unimportant in themselves, and mentioned only to indicate the points where I hope to obtain observations of the magnetic elements. Reaching Santiago on the 27th of October, I was convinced in a brief time that no other part of Chile would so well answer the purposes of the expedition, and the Government here having acted promptly and with most commendable liberality on all points, there was no hesitation in selecting this city as my station. You know it is situated on a plain varying in width from twelve to forty miles, which, commencing just north of 33°, with a slight interruption in 34½°, extends to the Gulf of Onend in 41½°. The sea range of the Cordilleras, from which Santiago is distant from four to five leagues, has an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet above the ocean, whilst the main chain to the eastward varies from 10,000 to 17,000 or 18,000 feet, and is distant about six leagues at the base. Interrupting the eastern horizon as they do, the interference with observations on the planet Venus in the morning twilight rendered so near an approach objectionable; but there was no locality in the vicinity of a proper residence free from this obstacle, and no place in the interior offering the facilities possessed by Santiago. If I mistake not, in one of my former letters I stated that the coast was impracticable, on account of very frequent fog and mist; and this was the opinion of the most observant residents here. There were two positions offered for our use by the Government,—a hill (Santa Lucia) in the eastern part of the city, with such rooms in the Castle, about halfway up, as might be needed, and the plain in the southern suburbs. The former has an elevation of some 200 feet, whilst the latter is half submerged during the rainy season, and almost inaccessible to pedestrians. Many reasons inclined me to prefer Santa Lucia, could its rocky crest be leveled, and this the Government at once undertook.

American Legal Thought in Transatlantic Context, 1870-1914

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Rabban
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Sociological Jurisprudence

Most American legal scholars have described their nineteenth-century predecessors as deductive formalists. In my recent book, Law’s History : American Legal Thought and the Transatlantic Turn to History, I demonstrate instead that the first generation of professional legal scholars in the United States, who wrote during the last three decades of the nineteenth century, viewed law as a historically based inductive science. They constituted a distinctive historical school of American jurisprudence that was superseded by the development of sociological jurisprudence in the early twentieth century. This article focuses on the transatlantic context, involving connections between European and American scholars, in which the historical school of American jurisprudence emerged, flourished, and eventually declined.

scholarly journals Women and Organizational Capabilities in Seaweed Production in North Gorontalo

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sukarman Kamuli ◽  
Basri Amin
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Women's Associations ◽  
The North ◽  
Seaweed Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Organizational Patterns

Despite the government support for economic development in some coastal areas in Indonesia, the paradigm about women’s agency remains almost the same. This is because women are still marginalized. This paper focuses on looking at agency of women in managing their resources. This study proves that women are active agents in coastal areas of North Gorontalo. Specifically, in the seaweed production, empirical evidences show significantly that women's associations succeeded in gaining economic advantages, participatory leadership, and had adaptability towards changes in technology and seaweed market. Applying a qualitative research approach, this study illustrates a number of policy subjects, organizational patterns, regional opportunity, and actors that support the centrality of women’s organizational capabilities in the field of seaweed production in the north coast of Gorontalo. This study justifies the tendency in Gorontalo, and perhaps in other areas in Indonesia, that women groups have an economic reputation in the seaweed production because they are fully involved in all production processes.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF MANGROVE GROWTH AND COASTAL CHANGES ON THE NORTH COAST OF BREBES, CENTRAL JAVA, USING LANDSAT DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Tri Muji Susantoro ◽  
Ketut Wikantika ◽  
Lissa Fajri Yayusman ◽  
Alex Tan ◽  
M. Firman Ghozali
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Series Data ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Landsat Data ◽  
Coastal Change ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Coastal Changes

Severe abrasion occurred in the coastal area of Brebes Regency, Central Java between 1985 and 1995. Since 1997, mangroves have been planted around the location as a measure intended to prevent further abrasion. Between 1996 and 2018, monitoring has been carried out to assess coastal change in the area and the growth and development of the mangroves. This study aims to monitor mangrove growth and its impact on coastal area changes on the north coast of Brebes, Central Java Province using Landsat series data, which has previously proven suitable for wetland studies including mangrove growth and change. Monitoring of mangrove growth was analysed using the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the green normalised difference vegetation index (GNDVI) of the Landsat data, while the coastal change was analysed based on the overlaying of shoreline maps. Visual field observations of WorldView 2 images were conducted to validate the NDVI and GNDVI results. It was identified from these data that the mangroves had developed well during the monitoring period. The NDVI results showed that the total mangrove area increased between 1996 and 2018 about 9.82 km2, while the GNDVI showed an increase of 3.20 km2. Analysis of coastal changes showed that the accretion area about 9.17 km2 from 1996 to 2018, while the abrasion being dominant to the west of the Pemali River delta about 4.81 km2. It is expected that the results of this study could be used by government and local communities in taking further preventative actions and for sustainable development planning for coastal areas.

scholarly journals Law Enforcement of Criminal Trading of Narcotics by the North Sumatera Narcotics Agency

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Ridzwan Budiadi ◽  
Eriska Englin Sofia Butarbutar ◽  
Rony Parlungutan Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The North ◽  
Narcotics Trafficking ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
The City

The circulation of narcotics is one of the problems that should get more attention in Indonesia, especially in the city of Medan. This study uses the juridical-normative method in explaining research questions. In reinforcing arguments and explanations, researchers used primary data through direct interviews with the North Sumatra National Narcotics Agency (BNN) and secondary through scientific writings, news and official government publications. This paper explains that the government must be able to enforce the law related to the crime of narcotics trafficking, this is due to the large impact that can arise from the destruction of Indonesia's young generation.

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