Modeling and Simulation of Hydraulic Fracturing Propagation in Permeable Reservoirs

2006 ◽  
Vol 324-325 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Long Lian ◽  
Xiu Xi Wang ◽  
Heng An Wu ◽  
Bing Xue ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fracture Geometry ◽  
Stress Equilibrium ◽  
Continuity Equations ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis

Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing propagations in the permeable reservoirs was carried out with the finite element analysis software (ABAQUS). A model of coupling the stress equilibrium and fluid continuity equations was proposed and implemented. The nonuniform of sink pore pressure on the fracture surfaces which changes associated with the propagation of fracture was described by a self-developed subroutine through the FLOW in ABAQUS. Samples under different conditions were conducted for studying the rules of the propagation of hydraulic fracturing. The results show that the permeability at the fracture tip is more serious than any other places of the fracture face. The model also illustrates that the fracture geometry is mainly determined by the minimal in-situ stress. The model can be used to simulate the effects of hydraulic fracturing pressures and injection rates on fracture propagation. The results are of much significance for the design of hydraulic fracturing treatments.

Some Effects of Stress, Friction, and Fluid Flow on Hydraulic Fracturing

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Hanson ◽  
G.D. Anderson ◽  
R.J. Shaffer ◽  
L.D. Thorson
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Research Program ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Fracture Geometry ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
Fracturing Process

Abstract We are conducting a U.S. DOE-funded research program aimed at understanding the hydraulic fracturing process, especially those phenomena and parameters that strongly affect or control fracture geometry. Our theoretical and experimental studies consistently confirm the well-known fact that in-situ stress has a primary effect on fracture geometry, and that fractures propagate perpendicular to the least principal stress. In addition, we find that frictional interfaces in reservoirs can affect fracturing. We also have quantified some effects on fracture geometry caused by frictional slippage along interfaces. We found that variation of friction along an interface can result in abrupt steps in the fracture path. These effects have been seen in the mineback of emplaced fractures and are demonstrated both theoretically and in the laboratory. Further experiments and calculations indicate possible control of fracture height by vertical change in horizontal stresses. Preliminary results from an analysis of fluid flow in small apertures are discussed also. Introduction Hydraulic fracturing and massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) are the primary candidates for stimulating production from tight gas reservoirs. MHF can provide large drainage surfaces to produce gas from the low- permeability formation if the fracture surfaces remain in the productive parts of the reservoir. To determine whether it is possibleto contain these fractures in the productive formations andto design the treatment to accomplish this requires a much broader knowledge of the hydraulic fracturing process. Identification of the parameters controlling fracture geometry and the application of this information in designing and performing the hydraulic stimulation treatment is a principal technical problem. Additionally, current measurement technology may not be adequate to provide the required data. and new techniques may have to be devised. Lawrence Livermore Natl. Laboratory has been conducting a DOE-funded research program whose ultimate goal is to develop models that predict created hydraulic fracture geometry within the reservoir. Our approach has been to analyze the phenomenology of the fracturing process to son out and identify those parameters influencing hydraulic fracture geometry. Subsequent model development will incorporate this information. Current theoretical and stimulation design models are based primarily on conservation of mass and provide little insight into the fracturing process. Fracture geometry is implied in the application of these models. Additionally, pressure and flow initiation in the fractures and their interjection with the fracturing process is not predicted adequately with these models. We have reported previously on some rock-mechanics aspects of the fracturing process. For example, we have studied, theoretically and experimentally, pressurized fracture propagation in the neighborhood of material interfaces. Results of interface studies showed that natural fractures in the interfacial region negate any barrier effect when the fracture is propagating from a lower modulus material toward a higher modulus material. On the other hand, some fracture containment could occur when the fracture is propagating from a higher modulus into a lower modulus material. Effect of moduli changes on the in-situ stress field have to be taken into consideration to evaluate fracture containment by material interfaces. Some preliminary analyses have been performed to evaluate how stress changes when material properties change, but we have not evaluated this problem fully. SPEJ P. 321^

scholarly journals Fracture Propagation and Morphology Due to Non-Aqueous Fracturing: Competing Roles between Fluid Characteristics and In Situ Stress State

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Yunzhong Jia ◽  
Zhaohui Lu ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Jiehao Wang ◽  
Yugang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Horizontal Stress ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Fluid Characteristics

Non-aqueous or gaseous stimulants are alternative working fluids to water for hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs, which offer advantages including conserving water, avoiding clay swelling and decreasing formation damage. Hence, it is crucial to understand fluid-driven fracture propagation and morphology in shale formations. In this research, we conduct fracturing experiments on shale samples with water, liquid carbon dioxide, and supercritical carbon dioxide to explore the effect of fluid characteristics and in situ stress on fracture propagation and morphology. Moreover, a numerical model that couples rock property heterogeneity, micro-scale damage and fluid flow was built to compare with experimental observations. Our results indicate that the competing roles between fluid viscosity and in situ stress determine fluid-driven fracture propagation and morphology during the fracturing process. From the macroscopic aspect, fluid-driven fractures propagate to the direction of maximum horizontal stress direction. From the microscopic aspect, low viscosity fluid easily penetrates into pore throats and creates branches and secondary fractures, which may deflect the main fracture and eventually form the fracture networks. Our results provide a new understanding of fluid-driven fracture propagation, which is beneficial to fracturing fluid selection and fracturing strategy optimization for shale gas hydraulic fracturing operations.

Investigation of the influence of natural fractures and in situ stress on hydraulic fracture propagation using a distinct-element approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 926-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zangeneh ◽  
E. Eberhardt ◽  
R.M. Bustin
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Distinct Element ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Natural Fractures ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture Propagation

Hydraulic fracturing is the primary means for enhancing rock mass permeability and improving well productivity in tight reservoir rocks. Significant advances have been made in hydraulic fracturing theory and the development of design simulators; however, these generally rely on continuum treatments of the rock mass. In situ, the geological conditions are much more complex, complicated by the presence of natural fractures and planes of weakness such as bedding planes, joints, and faults. Further complexity arises from the influence of the in situ stress field, which has its own heterogeneity. Together, these factors may either enhance or diminish the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracturing treatment and subsequent hydrocarbon production. Results are presented here from a series of two-dimensional (2-D) numerical experiments investigating the influence of natural fractures on the modeling of hydraulic fracture propagation. Distinct-element techniques applying a transient, coupled hydromechanical solution are evaluated with respect to their ability to account for both tensile rupture of intact rock in response to fluid injection and shear and dilation along existing joints. A Voronoi tessellation scheme is used to add the necessary degrees of freedom to model the propagation path of a hydraulically driven fracture. The analysis is carried out for several geometrical variants related to hypothetical geological scenarios simulating a naturally fractured shale gas reservoir. The results show that key interactions develop with the natural fractures that influence the size, orientation, and path of the hydraulic fracture as well as the stimulated volume. These interactions may also decrease the size and effectiveness of the stimulation by diverting the injected fluid and proppant and by limiting the extent of the hydraulic fracture.

Design Research of Steel Pipe Combination of Angle Steel Tower of XiYue 220kV Cross Section

2013 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhong Ju ◽  
Xiao Xu Fu ◽  
Neng Xian Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Stress Difference ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Angle Steel

Given the path situation of Xiyue substation 220kV four outlets project crossing Shunde waterway section,this article applies of Dao Heng tower full stress analysis software and the finite element analysis software ANSYS to two steel pipe combination of angle steel towers to carry on design research,contrast axial stress of two kinds of software,analyse the reasons of axial stress difference.

Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of the Truss of Installing Wave-Maker Based on ANSYS

2013 ◽  
Vol 313-314 ◽  
pp. 1038-1041
Author(s):  
Shou Jun Wang ◽  
Xing Xiong ◽  
Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Large Span ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Wave Maker

According to uncertainty of the design parameters for large span truss of installing wave-maker, in order to avoid the waste of materials,the truss is analyzed based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS to find out its weaknesses and various parts of the deformation. On the premise of ensuring the intensity and stiffness, the weight of the truss is reduced by adjusting its sizes and selecting different profiles, so as to achieve the optimization of the truss of installing wave-maker.

The Application of Hydraulic Fracturing in Storage Projects of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

2006 ◽  
Vol 306-308 ◽  
pp. 1509-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Feng ◽  
Qian Sheng ◽  
Chao Wen Luo ◽  
Jing Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Test System ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

It is very important to study the pristine stress field in Civil, Mining, Petroleum engineering as well as in Geology, Geophysics, and Seismology. There are various methods of determination of in-situ stress in rock mass. However, hydraulic fracturing techniques is the most convenient method to determine and interpret the test results. Based on an hydraulic fracturing stress measurement campaign at an underground liquefied petroleum gas storage project which locates in ZhuHai, China, this paper briefly describes the various uses of stress measurement, details of hydraulic fracturing test system, test procedure adopted and the concept of hydraulic fracturing in arriving at the in-situ stresses of the rock mass.

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