Fractal Analysis of Self-Sharpening Phenomenon in cBN Grinding

2008 ◽  
Vol 389-390 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Ichida ◽  
Ryunosuke Sato ◽  
Masakazu Fujimoto ◽  
Nabil Ben Fredj
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
The Self ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper presents a fractal analysis of the self-sharpening phenomenon of the grain cutting edges in cBN grinding. To clarify the self-sharpening mechanism due to the micro fracture of the cutting edges, the changes in three-dimensional profile of the cutting edges in the grinding process have been measured using a scanning electron microscope with four electron probes and evaluated on the basis of the fractal analysis. The fractal dimension for surface profile of the cutting edge formed by the micro fracture is higher than that of the cutting edge formed by the ductile attritious wear. Therefore, the complicated changes in shape of the cutting edge due to the self-sharpening can be evaluated quantitatively using the fractal dimension.

Microstructures of Low Angle Boundaries of the Second Generation Single Crystal Superalloy DD6

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1584-1587
Author(s):  
Zhen Xue Shi ◽  
Jia Rong Li ◽  
Shi Zhong Liu ◽  
Jin Qian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Crystal Superalloy ◽  
Transition Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

The specimens of low angle boundaries were machined from the second generation single crystal superalloy DD6 blades. The microstructures of low angle boundaries (LAB) were investigated from three scales of dendrite, γ′ phase and atom with optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transition electron microscope (TEM) and high resolution transmission electrion microscopy (HREM). The results showed that on the dendrite scale LAB is interdendrite district formed by three dimensional curved face between the adjacent dendrites. On the γ′ phase scale LAB is composed by a thin layer γ phase and its bilateral imperfect cube γ′ phase. On the atom scale LAB is made up of dislocations within several atom thickness.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Observation of the Rat Endocrine Pancreas by a Scanning Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori HISAOKA ◽  
Joji HARATAKE ◽  
Osamu YAMAMOTO ◽  
Akio HORIE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of Human Fertile Hydatid Cysts Using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Hadi M. Hamza Al-Mayali ◽  
Hind A. Abdul Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Germinal Layer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The World ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Introduction: Echinococcosis and hydatidosis caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus are among the most important zoonotic diseases in the world. This study aims to study the ultrastructure of fertile hydatid cysts that infect humans using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Twenty samples of human fertile hydatid cysts were collected from the human liver and lung after performing surgery operations and examined with an SEM. Results: The results of the electron microscopy with different magnifications revealed that the laminated layer (LL) consists of sheets that appeared more compact and aligned. The brood capsules appeared, consisting of a net of finger-shaped structures that emerged from bulges of various sizes and shapes. Conclusion: Under a transmission electron microscope, it was found that the LL had a coherent and flexible structure, settling on a three-dimensional microscopic network of hydrophilic fibers, with high humidity. These fibers were arranged irregularly and had a diameter of about 10 nm; therefore, the fibers adjacent to the germinal layer (GL) were possibly attached to microtriches of tegument, which reached a thickness of 1 mm in the LL.

scholarly journals Micropore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Low-Permeability Coal Seams

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-zhe Deng ◽  
Rui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Scanning Electron

With the raw coal from a typical low-permeability coal seam in the coalfield of South Junger Basin in Xinjiang as the research object, this paper examined six kinds of coal samples with different permeabilities using a scanning electron microscope and a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption test that employed a JSM-6460LV high-resolution scanning electron microscope and an ASAP2020 automatic specific surface area micropore analyzer to measure all characteristic micropore structural parameters. According to fractal geometry theory, four fractal dimension calculation models of coal and rock were established, after which the pore structure characteristic parameters were used to calculate the fractal dimensions of the different coal seams. The results show that (1) the low-permeability coal seam in the coalfield of South Junger Basin in Xinjiang belongs to mesoporous medium, with a certain number of large pores and no micropores. The varying adsorption capacities of the different coal seams were positively correlated with pore volume, surface area, and the mesoporous surface area proportions, from which it was concluded that mesopores were the main contributors to pore adsorption in low-permeability coal seams. (2) The raw coal pore fractal dimension had a negative linear relationship to average pore size, a positive linear relationship with total pore volume, total surface area, and adsorption capacity, and a positive correlation with the mesoporous surface area proportion; that is, the higher the fractal dimension, the larger the pore volume and surface area of the raw coal. (3) The permeability of the low-permeability coal seam had a phase correlation with the micropore development degree; that is, the permeability had a phase negative correlation with the pore distribution fractal dimension, and there was a positive correlation between permeability and porosity. These results are of theoretical significance for the clean exploitation of low-permeability coal seam resources.

Highly sensitive compression sensors using three-dimensional printed polydimethylsiloxane/carbon nanotube nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1216-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Charara ◽  
Mohammad Abshirini ◽  
Mrinal C Saha ◽  
M Cengiz Altan ◽  
Yingtao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Scanning Electron

This article presents three-dimensional printed and highly sensitive polydimethylsiloxane/multi-walled carbon nanotube sensors for compressive strain and pressure measurements. An electrically conductive polydimethylsiloxane/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite is developed to three-dimensional print compression sensors in a freestanding and layer-by-layer manner. The dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in polydimethylsiloxane allows the uncured nanocomposite to stand freely without any support throughout the printing process. The cross section of the compression sensors is examined under scanning electron microscope to identify the microstructure of nanocomposites, revealing good dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes within the polydimethylsiloxane matrix. The sensor’s sensitivity was characterized under cyclic compression loading at various max strains, showing an especially high sensitivity at lower strains. The sensing capability of the three-dimensional printed nanocomposites shows minimum variation at various applied strain rates, indicating its versatile potential in a wide range of applications. Cyclic tests under compressive loading for over 8 h demonstrate that the long-term sensing performance is consistent. Finally, in situ micromechanical compressive tests under scanning electron microscope validated the sensor’s piezoresistive mechanism, showing the rearrangement, reorientation, and bending of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes under compressive loads, were the main reasons that lead to the piezoresistive sensing capabilities in the three-dimensional printed nanocomposites.

The Nano Membrane-Like Structure of the Precambrian Microfossils under Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Chi ◽  
Z.D. Xiao ◽  
Xin Xing Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Method ◽  
Subcellular Structure ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fossil Embryos ◽  
Scanning Electron

Weng`an fauna in Guizhou, China provides a unique window for the evolution of the early life especially since the animal embryos and sponge is found there. Phosphatization makes the fossils preserve in details including cells and subcellular structure. Here we use atomic force microscope observing the surface of some three dimensional preserved embryo fossils and the ultra membrane-like structure is found under atomic force microscope (AFM) while such structure can`t be found under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The membrane-like structure is approximately 10nm in thickness which maybe one part of the fossil embryos or belong to another nano scale microfossils. Therefore, AFM provides a new method for the study of the ultra structure of the microfossils from Weng`an fauna.

Research on the Ultra-Fine Titanium Dioxide Suspension Stability and Fractal

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
De Wei Chen ◽  
Xiao Ling Ge ◽  
Quen Tin Shi ◽  
Jiu Wang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Matlab Program ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Dioxide Suspension

Using scanning electron microscope, the microscopic pictures of the surface on sediment have been obtained from the sub-micron titanium dioxide suspensions without dispersant or adding different types of dispersants. Deposits of titanium dioxide suspension have been observed and the mechanism of the dispersant has been analyzed. Meanwhile, deposits of titanium dioxide gray distribution figure have been gained by self-compiled Matlab program, which proved that the surface sediments is fractal, and the fractal dimension has been calculated under different conditions. The rules between suspension stability and fractal dimension have been achieved.

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