The Effect of Silane Treatment on Processing Characteristic and Swelling Behavior of Polypropylene/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Rice Husk Powder Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiagoo Ragunathan ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Hussin Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Processing Characteristic ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Swelling Characteristics ◽  
Powder Composites ◽  
Internal Mixer

The effect of silane treatment on processing characteristic and swelling behavior of recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/polypropylene (PP)/rice husk powder (RHP) composites has been studied. Polypropylene/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/rice husk powder (PP/NBRr/RHP) composite were prepared by melt mixing technique at 180º C for 9 minutes and 50rpm rotor speed using an internal mixer. Five different composites compositions (70/30/0, 7030/5, 70/30/10, 70/30/15 and 70/30/30), with silane treated RHP (treated) and without silane treatment RHP (untreated) was studied. The specimens were analyzed for swelling behavior with ASTM oil No.3 and processing torque of composites was obtained during composite preparation. The results showed that swelling percentage for both composites increased with NBRr content. However the treated composites exhibited lower swelling characteristics. Processing torque of both composites also showed higher torque reading with increasing NBRr content. However the treated composite with silane exhibited much higher torque value for similar composition composites. Better interaction between RHP filler and PP/NBRr matrixs was obtained with treated composites.

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Rice Husk Powder Composites Modified with Silane and Acetic Anhydride Compound

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
Santiagoo Ragunathan ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
W.A. Amneera ◽  
A.M. Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Treatment Agent ◽  
Powder Composites ◽  
Internal Mixer

Polypropylene (PP)/Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/rice husk powder (RHP) composites was fabricated with silane and acetic anhydride treatment agent. The in-situ formed RHP filled PP/NBRr composites were prepared by melt mixing technique using Haake internal mixer at 180 °C. The tensile properties of the both treatment methods were invesigated with Instron mechanical analysis. The results indicated that acetic anhydride treatment was found to exhibit better mechanical properties for RHP filled PP/NBRr composites. Good compatibility and stronger interaction between anhydride moieties with PP/NBRr was resulted.

The Effect of Silane Treatment on Tensile Properties and Morphology of Polypropylene/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Rice Husk Powder Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 472-477
Author(s):  
Santiagoo Ragunathan ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Hussin Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Strong Attachment

The effect of silane treatment on tensile properties and morphology of recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber(NBRr)/polypropylene(PP)/rice husk powder(RHP) composites has been studied. Polypropylene/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/rice husk powder (PP/NBRr/RHP) composite were prepared by melt mixing technique at 180º C for 9 minutes and 50rpm rotor speed using an internal mixer. Five different composites compositions (70/30/0, 7030/5, 70/30/10, 70/30/15 and 70/30/30), with silane treated RHP(treated) and without silane treatment(untreated) was studied. The specimens were analyzed by different techniques i.e. tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result obtained showed lower tensile properties with increasing amount of NBRr content. Lower tensile strength and tensile modulus was exhibited with increasing NBRr content. However higher tensile strength, greater tensile modulus and lower elongation at break in PP/NBRr/RHP was exhibited for silane treated RHP composites compare with untreated RHP. PP/NBRr/RHP composite was found to become more brittle with strong attachment between PP/NBR matrix and RHP filler with silane treatment. Good adhesion between silane treated RHP filler and PP/NBRr matrix was confirmed by the morphological studies.

Effects of Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber in Polypropylene/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene/Rice Husk Powder Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 613-617
Author(s):  
Santiagoo Ragunathan ◽  
Sung Ting Sam ◽  
Abdul Ghani Azlinda ◽  
Hussin Kamaruddin ◽  
Ismail Hanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Powder Composites ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Composites of polypropylene/Acylonitrile butadiene rubber/Rice husk powder/ (PP/NBRr/RHP) with and without trans-polyoctylene rubber (TOR) were prepared, and the effects of trans-polyoctylene rubber were investigated. By using rice husk powder of 150300μm, five different compositions of PP/NBRr/RHP composites (i.e.100/0, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 40/60 phr) were prepared in an internal mixer at 180 °C and 50 rpm rotor speed. The results indicate that the incorporation of TOR improved the tensile properties of PP/NBRr/RHPcomposites. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surfaces proved that TOR promoted good adhesion between the PP-NBRr matrices and RHP.Keywords: Polypropylene; Trans-polyoctylene rubber; Rice husk powder; Acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber; composite

Effects of Epoxidized Nature Rubber on High Density Polyethylene/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Banana Skin Powder Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Ragunathan Santiagoo ◽  
Sam Sung Ting ◽  
Azlinda Abdul Ghani ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Awiezan Mislan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Powder Composites

The compatibilizer effect of ENR-50 on the tensile properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/banana skin powder (BSP)/ composites has been studies. HDPE/NBRr/BSP composites were prepared by melt mixing technique using twin-screw at 180 °C for 9 minutes at rotor speed 50 rpm. The six different composites studied were 100/0/5, 80/20/5, 70/30/5, 60/40/5, 50/50/5, and 40/60/5. As for compatibilized composite a fix 5 wt% of ENR-50 was evaluated. The specimens were analysed for tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb). The results showed that tensile strength and the elongation at break were decreases with the increasing of NBRr loading. However for ENR-50 compatibilized composites, higher tensile strength and elongation at break was recorded. The ENR-50 was found to be an excellent compatibilizer for HDPE/NBRr/BSP composites.

Tensile Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)/ Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBRr)/ Rice Husk Powder (RHP) Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragunathan Santiagoo ◽  
Sam Sung Ting ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Mastura Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber

The compatibilizer effect of ENR-50 on the tensile properties and morphology of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/ recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/ rice husk powder (RHP) composites has been studied. The RHP size utilize in this work is 150 – 300 μm. LLDPE/NBRr/RHP composites were prepared by melt mixing technique at 180 °C for 9 minutes at 50 rpm rotor speed using heated two roll mill. The series of composites investigated were 100/0/5, 80/20/5, 70/30/5, 60/40/5, 50/50/5, and 40/60/5. The composites were analysed by using tensile test and morphology examination. The result showed that the tensile strength of composite was decreased with the increasing of recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr) content while elongation at break (Eb) were increased. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break result for composites with ENR-50 as compatibilizer showed higher values. The morphological finding supports the tensile properties which indicate better interaction between the RHP filler and LLDPE/NBRr matrix in the presence of ENR-50 compatibilizer.

Rheological Properties and Extrusion Performance Evaluation of Silica Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) Compounds as Compared to Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber (NR/BR) Compound

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Teku Zakwan Zaeimoedin ◽  
Mazlina Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Ahmad Kifli Che Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Internal Mixer

In tyre industries, rheological and processability properties of rubber and polymer are great of importance since there are alot extrusion processes involved in the tyre manufacturing other than calendaring and moulding processes. Uniformity and consistency in the flow behaviour and processability of rubber are essential in providing the solution to the rubber industries in order to improve productivity, products quality and energy conservation. In this works, effects of silane coupling agent on rheological behaviour and extrusion performance of silica filled ENR tread compounds were studied and compared to NR/BR tread compound. The compounds were prepared by melt mixing in tangential internal mixer, while the rheological properties of compounds were determined by Capillary Rheometer, Cure Rheometer and Mooney viscometer. The compound were further examined for its extrudability performance evaluation by extruded the rubber through 30mm cold feed extruder machine using ASTM Extrusion Die, ‘Garvey’ type. Results showed that, ENR/silica compounds exhibit higher shear viscosity curves as compared to NR/BR compound at low shear rate regime. However an opposite trend was observed towards high shear rate regime tested which ENR/silica compounds gave slightly lower shear viscosity curve compared to NR/BR compound. As for extrudability performance evaluation, NR/BR compound gave better extrusion characteristics and appearance as compared to ENR/silica compounds.

scholarly journals The Effect of Silane Treatment on Rice Husk / Phenol Formaldehyde Particleboard Mechanical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.18) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Marini Sawawi ◽  
Nor Umirah Sudirman ◽  
Siti Kudnie Sahari ◽  
Mahshuri Yusof ◽  
Magdalene Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Characteristic Functional ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Swelling Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Concentration

The effects of silane (3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane aqueous solution) treatment on the mechanical properties on rice husk particle board were investigated. Using phenol formaldehyde as the binder, the rice husks were treated at three different concentrations of silane (0.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 5 wt%) and untreated rice husk was set as control. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), 3-point bending test and water absorption behavior in accordance to ASTM1037. FTIR analysis was performed to verify the presence of the characteristic functional groups of untreated rice husk and silane treated husk. The results show that the mechanical properties were increased with silane treatment concentration. The swelling characteristics also improved as the concentration of silane increases less water were absorbed. Surface morphology of rice husk shows that the surface of the composites become rougher as the concentration of treatment was increased for better adhesion between fibers and the matrix. 

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