Calcium Alkaline Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration 3D-Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Calcium alkaline phosphate granulates can be used for substitution of several bone defects but for the reconstruction of large skeletal parts in the maxillofacial and orthopaedic fields fitted scaffolds are preferable. Within the additive manufacturing methods, the 3D printing process offers exciting opportunities to generate defined porous scaffolds. We used a R1 printer from ProMetal Company, USA, for producing scaffolds directly from a ceramic powder. For this direct free form fabrication technology the powder has to possess a lot of specific properties both for the generation of a stable green body and also for the subsequent sintering preparation. For this printing process we prepared different granules in a fluidized bed process containing Ca2KNa(PO4)2as main crystalline phase. Granules were characterized by different methods and several sieve fractions were used for preparing disc like and cylindrical parts. The suitability of granules for this printing process was determined by porosity and strength of produced bodies. Next to granules’ performance both of these properties can be directly influenced by 3D printing process parameters. With knowledge of suitable process parameters scaffolds with different porosity in a respective desired design can be created. In this study, cylindrical scaffolds with graded porosity were produced for bone regeneration of segmental defects in maxillofacial surgery and dental implantology by tissue engineering.

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Comparison between Tests and Simulations Regarding Bending Resistance of 3D Printed PLA Structures

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13244371 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 4371

Author(s):

Dorin-Ioan Catana ◽

Mihai-Alin Pop ◽

Denisa-Iulia Brus

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Bending Stress ◽

Test Results ◽

Printing Process ◽

Simulation Process ◽

Bending Resistance ◽

3D Printed

Additive manufacturing is one of the technologies that is beginning to be used in new fields of parts production, but it is also a technology that is constantly evolving, due to the advances made by researchers and printing equipment. The paper presents how, by using the simulation process, the geometry of the 3D printed structures from PLA and PLA-Glass was optimized at the bending stress. The optimization aimed to reduce the consumption of filament (material) simultaneously with an increase in the bending resistance. In addition, this paper demonstrates that the simulation process can only be applied with good results to 3D printed structures when their mechanical properties are known. The inconsistency of printing process parameters makes the 3D printed structures not homogeneous and, consequently, the occurrence of errors between the test results and those of simulations become natural and acceptable. The mechanical properties depend on the values of the printing process parameters and the printing equipment because, in the case of 3D printing, it is necessary for each combination of parameters to determine their mechanical properties through specific tests.

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Bioresorbable Magnesium-Based Alloys as Novel Biomaterials in Oral Bone Regeneration: General Review and Clinical Perspectives

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10091842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1842

Author(s):

Valentin Herber ◽

Begüm Okutan ◽

Georgios Antonoglou ◽

Nicole G. Sommer ◽

Michael Payer

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

General Review ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Bone Preservation

Bone preservation and primary regeneration is a daily challenge in the field of dental medicine. In recent years, bioresorbable metals based on magnesium (Mg) have been widely investigated due to their bone-like modulus of elasticity, their high biocompatibility, antimicrobial, and osteoconductive properties. Synthetic Mg-based biomaterials are promising candidates for bone regeneration in comparison with other currently available pure synthetic materials. Different alloys based on Mg were developed to fit clinical requirements. In parallel, advances in additive manufacturing offer the possibility to fabricate experimentally bioresorbable metallic porous scaffolds. This review describes the promising clinical results of resorbable Mg-based biomaterials for bone repair in osteosynthetic application and discusses the perspectives of use in oral bone regeneration.

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The influence of 3D printing process parameters on the mechanical performance of PLA polymer and its correlation with hardness

Procedia Manufacturing ◽

10.1016/j.promfg.2021.07.038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 244-249

Author(s):

Muammel M. Hanon ◽

József Dobos ◽

László Zsidai

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Printing Process

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Design and 3D bioprinting of interconnected porous scaffolds for bone regeneration. An additive manufacturing approach

Journal of Manufacturing Processes ◽

10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. 655-663

Author(s):

Renan Roque ◽

Gustavo Franco Barbosa ◽

Antônio Carlos Guastaldi

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

3D Bioprinting

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A hybrid multi-objective optimization of 3D printing process parameters using genetic algorithm

10.1063/5.0068209 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zahoor Ahmed Shariff ◽

Lokesh M. ◽

K. Mayandi ◽

A. K. Saravanan ◽

P. Sethu Ramalingam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

3D Printing ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Multi Objective Optimization ◽

Printing Process ◽

Multi Objective

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Additive Manufacturing of Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: An Overview, Potential Applications, Advancements, and Trends

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2021/4907027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dhinakaran Veeman ◽

M. Swapna Sai ◽

P. Sureshkumar ◽

T. Jagadeesha ◽

L. Natrayan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Wide Range ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

As a technique of producing fabric engineering scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) printing has tremendous possibilities. 3D printing applications are restricted to a wide range of biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Due to their biocompatibility, bioactiveness, and biodegradability, biopolymers such as collagen, alginate, silk fibroin, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and starch are used in a variety of fields, including the food, biomedical, regeneration, agriculture, packaging, and pharmaceutical industries. The benefits of producing 3D-printed scaffolds are many, including the capacity to produce complicated geometries, porosity, and multicell coculture and to take growth factors into account. In particular, the additional production of biopolymers offers new options to produce 3D structures and materials with specialised patterns and properties. In the realm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), important progress has been accomplished; now, several state-of-the-art techniques are used to produce porous scaffolds for organ or tissue regeneration to be suited for tissue technology. Natural biopolymeric materials are often better suited for designing and manufacturing healing equipment than temporary implants and tissue regeneration materials owing to its appropriate properties and biocompatibility. The review focuses on the additive manufacturing of biopolymers with significant changes, advancements, trends, and developments in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with potential applications.

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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - APPLICATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE AVIATION INDUSTRY

Journal of Air Transport Studies ◽

10.38008/jats.v6i2.59 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 63-86

Author(s):

Dipesh Dhital ◽

Yvonne Ziegler

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Free Form ◽

Aviation Industry ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Printing Technology ◽

3D Printing Technology ◽

Subtractive Manufacturing ◽

Aided Design

Additive Manufacturing also known as 3D Printing is a process whereby a real object of virtually any shape can be created layer by layer from a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model. As opposed to the conventional Subtractive Manufacturing that uses cutting, drilling, milling, welding etc., 3D printing is a free-form fabrication process and does not require any of these processes. The 3D printed parts are lighter, require short lead times, less material and reduce environmental footprint of the manufacturing process; and is thus beneficial to the aerospace industry that pursues improvement in aircraft efficiency, fuel saving and reduction in air pollution. Additionally, 3D printing technology allows for creating geometries that would be impossible to make using moulds and the Subtractive Manufacturing of drilling/milling. 3D printing technology also has the potential to re-localize manufacturing as it allows for the production of products at the particular location, as and when required; and eliminates the need for shipping and warehousing of final products.

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