Effect of Fabric Weave Geometry and Strand Orientation on Mode I Interlaminar Toughness of Glass-Epoxy Laminates

2013 ◽  
Vol 577-578 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Piotr Czanocki ◽  
Bogdan Hernik
Keyword(s):  
Static Loading ◽  
Type A ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strand Orientation ◽  
The Way

nterlaminar toughness of glass-epoxy laminates subjected to Mode I quasi static loading was investigated. The influence of reinforcement geometry on GIc was focused. Six different laminates reinforced with INTERGLAS 2/2 twill fabrics of three different areal densities and two strand orientations, θ, were tested. The considered fabric areal densities were 390g/m2, 280g/m2 and 163g/m2, and strand orientations θ=0°/90° and θ=±45°. For laminates with θ=±45° strand orientation a statistically significant difference in the means of the interlaminar toughness GIc was noticed for all three laminates i.e. reinforced with the fabrics of areal densities 163 g/m2 and 280 g/m2, and 390 g/m2. For laminates with strand orientation θ=0°/90° a significant difference in Gic means was noticed for laminates with fabrics of areal densities 163 g/m2 and 280 g/m2, and 280 g/m2 and 390 g/m2, only. For groups of laminates reinforced with a particular fabric type a statistically significant difference in the means of GIc was found each time when laminates differed in the strand arrangement θ regardless the way the GIc values were calculated. Fracture analysis done with the help of a SEM did not explained the observed differences in GIc values.

Short- and long-term outcomes of aortic root-sparing repair and replacement in acute type A aortic dissection repair

2021 ◽  
pp. 021849232110150
Author(s):  
Tillana Nirav Tarkas ◽  
Carla Stoicescu ◽  
Wahaj Munir ◽  
Mohamad Bashir ◽  
Benjamin Adams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Type A ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Type A Aortic Dissection ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Controversy ◽  
Short And Long Term

Acute type A aortic dissection is a surgical emergency with a high mortality rate if left untreated. Management of the aortic root in this setting constitutes an intricate decision-making framework, further complicated by the emergent nature of the dissection. There exists much controversy regarding pursuit of the aggressive aortic root replacement versus a conservative root-sparing repair, alongside considerations for valve-sparing root replacement. In this review, we critically appraise the current controversy in the literature considering the fate of the aortic root, discussing the aforementioned root interventions for which provides better outcomes for mortality and risk of re-intervention. Literature search was performed using electronic database through PubMed, Google scholar, and Embase focussing on studies reporting outcomes and re-intervention rates for these approaches. Limited by the heterogeneity in surgical strategy, with most studies being single-centred retrospective experiences, further fuel this ongoing debate. The literature reveals rather contrasting results whilst comparing root-sparing repair, versus the extensive root replacement; whilst some studies report no statistically significant difference, others show one superior over the other. There is greater consensus when considering risk of re-operation, with studies showing higher rates of re-operation in root-sparing group compared to replacement; however, many others show no statistically significant difference. In conclusion, the conflicting outcomes reported in the literature, with their inherent limitations, results in the current inability to reach a definitive answer. There remains support in the current literature for both approaches with much of the decision-making being surgeon-bound with many significant influencing factors on a case-by-case basis.

scholarly journals How does Technological Dependence Affect Consumer Shopping Behavior among Baby Boomers, Millennials, and Digital Natives?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syah Fibrika Ramadhan ◽  
Nisrina Anggi Syahputri
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Brand Choice ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

As the technology develop rapidly, people’s life is more convenient in many aspects. For instance, technology is facilitating the way people shop. In this day and age, people does not need to go to market to buy things they want as they can get it by online shopping. This way is certainly saving the time, the money as well because they do not need to pay the transportation cost. However, with the assistances that technology offered, not all people are overly dependent on technology. Some of them, mostly baby boomers gen, tend to life the old-fashioned way. This research aims to find out the difference among three generations, including baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives in their dependence on technology and how it affects their shopping behavior including the shopping objective, shopping frequency, deciding online or offline, shopping hour as well as brand choice. This study investigated about 138 persons, consisted of 30 (22%) baby boomers, 34 (25%) millennials, and 74 (53%) digital natives. The data were collected using the questionnaire consisted of 29 questions related to daily interaction to technology and shopping behavior. Oneway ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The result shows that among baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives have different responses of their technological dependence relating to shopping behavior. However, there is no significant difference among three generations. Each generation have different trait of shopping. Thus, the marketer should to know what kind of generation of their target in order to give the appropriate marketing.

scholarly journals Housing Condition of Coastal Area in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazaar

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mohiuddin ◽  
MB Latif
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type B ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hygienic Measures

This study was conducted to determine the contamination of E. coli and Salmonella for different types of foods in Chittagong city area. In case of laboratory examination, almost half (49.58%) of the samples were contaminated where 28.75% positive for E. coli. and 20.83% for Salmonella. The positive cases for type A sample was 20 out of 96 constituting 20.83% whereas the positive cases for type B sample was 49 out of 144 constituting 34.03% for E. coli. The positive cases of type A sample was 15 out of 96 making up 15.63% and for type B sample was 35 out of 144 making up 24.31% for Salmonella.A chi-square (?2) test was used to examine the equality of observed proportions for E. coli and Salmonella of each item of both types of food where significant difference among the observed proportion for E. coli (p-value<0.01) and Salmonella (p-value=0.032) for different items of A type and for E. coli (p-value<0.01) for different items of B type were observed and an odds ratio (OR) was measured for association between exposure and outcome where the probability of contaminated by E. coli of type B food is higher than contaminated of type A food (OR= 1.96 and CI:1.07-3.58). The probability of contaminated by Salmonella of type B food was higher than type A food (OR= 1.73 and CI: 0.89-3.39).The comparatively high bacteria in type B samples indicated contamination from water, practice of inadequate hygienic measures, mishandling, improper storage, inadequate cooking and above all unhygienic condition of the retail shops.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22034 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 15-20 2013

scholarly journals Prevalence of Blood Types and Alloantibodies of the AB Blood Group System in Non-Pedigree Cats from Northern (Lombardy) and Southern (Sicily) Italy

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Spada ◽  
Roberta Perego ◽  
Luciana Baggiani ◽  
Elisabetta Salatino ◽  
Vito Priolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Type A ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Type B ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Ab

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of A, B and AB blood types and alloantibodies in non-pedigree cats from two regions, one in Northern and one in Southern Italy (Lombardy and Sicily, respectively). A total of 448 samples (52.0% from Northern and 48.0% from Southern Italy) were blood typed. The prevalence of A, B and AB blood types in northern and southern cats were 91.0%, 5.2%, 3.8%, and 77.2%, 12.1% and 10.7%, respectively. The prevalence of type-A blood in southern cats was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) than in northern cats, while type-B and AB blood were significantly higher (p = 0.0085 and p = 0.0051, respectively) in Southern compared to Northern Italian cats. Alloantibodies against type-A blood were found in 94.1% of type-B cats, 11.2% of type-A cats had alloantibodies against type-B blood, while no type-AB cats had alloantibodies with no significant difference between the two Italian populations. Type-AB prevalence in non-pedigree cats in Southern Italy was the highest reported in Europe. Italian type-A cats had the lowest worldwide prevalence of alloantibodies against type-B blood. These results highlight the usefulness of regional studies to report different prevalences in feline blood types and reinforce the importance of blood typing cats before transfusions and mating.

Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Behavior Investigation and Fracture Analysis on Austenitic Stainless Steel of Surge Line in Nuclear Power Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 118-120 ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xue ◽  
Zhi Feng Luo ◽  
Wei Wei Yu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surge Line

In order to confirm the structural integrity of pressurizer surge line affected by thermal stratification and thermal shock, the thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) behavior of the material used for surge line was investigated based on the real situation in the pressurized water reactor (PWR). Smooth, hollow specimens were subjected to in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) cycling in air under a mechanical strain control mode. For the sake of comparison, low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were also performed at the peak temperatures of TMF cycling. The Nano Hardness Tester was used to test the nano hardness of the sample on the cut section surface. The results are shown that there is no significant difference between the IP, OP and IF lives in the investigated temperature ranges. The fracture analysis reveals that the crack initiation and propagation occurred in a transgranular mode under OP, IP and IF cycling condition, and a harden layer occurrence may be the cause of the crack initiation.

The distribution of serum transferrin types in dairy cattle and their relationship to milk and butterfat production

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB White ◽  
JC Banfield
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Type A ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gene Frequency Distribution

The serum transferrin type was identified for 1102 dairy cows. The gene frequency distribution among nine herds of predominantly Friesian type cattle was TfA 40.7 per cent, TfD 55.9 per cent, and TfE 5.4 per cent. In one herd of 31 Red Poll cattle the distribution was TfA 32.3 per cent, TfD 33.8 per cent, and TfE 33.8 per cent. There was no significant difference between the observed and expected distribution of the various genotypes. Cows of genotype D/D produced significantly more milk than those of type A/A, but their butterfat test was lower and the average butterfat production of the two groups was identical. There was no significant difference in lactation length.

scholarly journals Cefazolin plus Clavulanic Acid Overcomes the Inoculum Effect in a Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) Rat Endocarditis Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S12-S13
Author(s):  
William Miller ◽  
Kavindra Singh ◽  
Cesar Arias ◽  
Barbara Murray
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Type A ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inoculum Effect ◽  
Antibiotic Dose

Abstract Background The inoculum effect (InE) refers to an increase in the MIC of an antibiotic when a large burden of bacteria is present. MSSA producing type A or C β-lactamase (β-lac) that display this effect may be at risk of clinical failure when treated with cefazolin (CFZ) for a deep-seated infection. We have previously shown that CFZ plus clavulanic acid (CL) abolished the InE in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination in vivo at clinically achievable concentrations of both CFZ and CL. Methods S. aureus TX0117, a type A Bla+ clinical isolate from a patient who failed CFZ therapy and TX0117-cured (TX0117c), a derivative of TX0117 which lacks β-lac activity, were used in a rat model of endocarditis. One animal per strain, in addition to historical controls (n = 22), was sacrificed at the start of therapy to assess colony forming units (CFU) per gram of vegetation at T = 0. CFZ 50mg/kg alone (n = 11) or CFZ 50mg/kg plus CL 4mg/kg (n = 7) was given IM every 8 hours for 72 hours. Doses were selected to mimic mean serum concentration of standard doses (given IM (CFZ) or PO (CL)) in humans. Rats were sacrificed 16 hours after the last antibiotic dose, aortic valves were aseptically excised, weighed, homogenized in 1ml of saline and the entire volume was plated in serial 10-fold dilutions on mannitol salt and/or brain-heart infusion agar. Representative recovered colonies were tested for β-lac activity using nitrocefin. Comparisons of CFU between groups were done by the Mann–Whitney, Wilcoxon unpaired test with significance at p &lt; 0.05. Results At baseline, there was no significant difference between the CFU/g of control animals infected with the two strains (TX0117 7.3±1.3 and TX0117c 7.89±0.83, mean log10 ± SD). Compared with untreated controls, the TX0117 group treated with CFZ alone had a reduction of 2±0.6 CFU/g, while the CFZ plus CL arm had a 7.1±0.5 CFU/g reduction, a statistically significant difference between the two arms (P = 0.0002). CFZ treatment of the TX0117c strain lacking blaZ activity was similar to CFZ+CL (6.5±0.6 log10 CFU/g reduction, P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion Against Bla+ TX0117, the addition of CL, at a dose mimicking human PO kinetics, restored the efficacy of CFZ and overcame the InE. This provides a proof-of-concept for the use of oral CL with CFZ when there is a concern for the InE. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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