An Approach to On-Line Uncertainty Evaluation in Non-Contact Temperature Measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 613 ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Ionov ◽  
Boris Ionov ◽  
Nadezhda Chernysheva ◽  
Egor Plotkin
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
Uncertainty Evaluation ◽  
External Information ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
Suggested Technique ◽  
Uncertainty Calculation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Priori Information

The article is devoted to the suggested technique of on-line uncertainty calculation in non-contact temperature measurements, which can be used as a basic algorithm for smart measuring systems, e.g. intelligent radiation thermometers. As the initial data for uncertainty evaluation we use a priori information about heat detector characteristics, calibration curves along with their related uncertainties, estimated ambient temperature and external information of correction factor that should be inputted in a probabilistic form. We suggest utilizing models based on a characteristic function, in order to evaluate the combined uncertainty. In our opinion, the discussed principles are applicable for lots of other areas of measurement, especially, where it is critical to improve effectiveness of subsequent decision-making.

AN ADAPTIVE PROPORTIONAL NAVIGATION GUIDANCE LAW FOR INTERCEPTION OF A MANEUVERING TARGET

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
Dany Dionne ◽  
Hannah Michalska
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Time Instant ◽  
Proportional Navigation ◽  
Maneuvering Target ◽  
Guidance Law ◽  
Hierarchical Decision ◽  
On Line ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
Miss Distance ◽  
Proportional Navigation Law

A new adaptive proportional navigation law for interception of a maneuvering target is presented. The approach employs a bank of guidance laws and an on-line governor to select the guidance law in effect at each time instant. The members of the bank are the proportional navigation law and a companion law suitable for a target moving with a constant acceleration. The governor is a hierarchical decision rule which uses the outputs from a maneuver detector and the available a-priori information about the expected number of evasive maneuvers. Simulation results demonstrate that the adaptive approach leads to a reduction in the miss distance as compared with cases where only a single non-adaptive guidance law is available.

scholarly journals Bayesian approach to uncertainty evaluation: is it always working?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ferrero ◽  
Simona Salicone ◽  
Harsha Vardhana Jetti
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Uncertainty Evaluation ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
The Bayesian Approach ◽  
Priori Knowledge

Since the GUM has been published, measurement uncertainty has been defined in terms of the standard deviation of the probability distribution of the values that can be reasonably attributed to the measurand, and it has been evaluated using statistical or probabilistic methods. A debate has always been alive, among the metrologists, on whether a frequentist approach or a Bayesian approach should be followed to evaluate uncertainty. The Bayesian approach, based on some available a-priori knowledge about the measurand seems to prevail, nowadays. This paper starts from the consideration that the Bayesian approach is based on the well-known Bayes theorem that, as all mathematical theorems, is valid only to the extent the assumptions made to prove it are valid. The main question, when following the Bayesian approach, is hence whether these assumptions are satisfied in the practical cases, especially when the a-priori information is combined with the information coming from the measurement data to refine uncertainty evaluation. This paper will take into account some case studies to analyze when the Bayesian approach can be usefully and reliably employed by discussing the amount and pertinence of the available a-priori knowledge.

Automatic Extraction of Baselines and Data From Check Images

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 675-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Liu ◽  
Ching Y. Suen ◽  
M. Cheriet ◽  
Joseph N. Said ◽  
Christine Nadal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
A Priori Information ◽  
Image Preprocessing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
On Line ◽  
Priori Information

A novel approach to extract data from check images is proposed based on the determination of baselines of checks, a priori information about the positions of data on checks, and a layout-driven item extraction method. Several techniques and algorithms have been developed in this approach including check image preprocessing, the extraction and identification of baselines, the extraction of the strokes of handwritten legal amounts, courtesy amounts and date, and the separation of strokes connected to baselines. A complete working system has been developed. The results of both testing experiments and on-line applications show that this approach is effective and the proposed techniques and algorithms perform well.

Smooth Collision Avoidance Trajectories: A Dynamic Collision Avoidance Algoritm for Mobile Robots

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Newcomer
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Priori Information ◽  
Action Simulation ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
On Line ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Priori Information

Abstract This paper presents an algorithm for generating Smooth Collision Avoidance Trajectories (SCAT). SCAT generation is a method that allows a mobile robot that is moving along a pre-planned path to alter a section of its path, so that it may smoothly exit the original path, avoid a predicted collision, and return to the original path smoothly and on schedule. The SCAT generation algorithm is an improvement over off-line methods, as it requires minimal a priori information, and is more robust than pre-planned methods by its very nature. The SCAT algorithm is also an improvement over on-line schemes that only alter velocity along a pre-planned path, as it is able to avoid collisions in cases that those methods cannot. Details of the SCAT generation algorithm are developed herein, followed by examples of the algorithm in action. Simulation results show that the SCAT algorithm is very dependable, given that it can be provided with reasonably accurate in-formation about the location of dynamic obstacles in its vicinity.

Innovative Approach to Information Search by Example of a Patent Analysis of an Important Substitution Plan

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Maria A. Milkova
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Iterative Search ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays the process of information accumulation is so rapid that the concept of the usual iterative search requires revision. Being in the world of oversaturated information in order to comprehensively cover and analyze the problem under study, it is necessary to make high demands on the search methods. An innovative approach to search should flexibly take into account the large amount of already accumulated knowledge and a priori requirements for results. The results, in turn, should immediately provide a roadmap of the direction being studied with the possibility of as much detail as possible. The approach to search based on topic modeling, the so-called topic search, allows you to take into account all these requirements and thereby streamline the nature of working with information, increase the efficiency of knowledge production, avoid cognitive biases in the perception of information, which is important both on micro and macro level. In order to demonstrate an example of applying topic search, the article considers the task of analyzing an import substitution program based on patent data. The program includes plans for 22 industries and contains more than 1,500 products and technologies for the proposed import substitution. The use of patent search based on topic modeling allows to search immediately by the blocks of a priori information – terms of industrial plans for import substitution and at the output get a selection of relevant documents for each of the industries. This approach allows not only to provide a comprehensive picture of the effectiveness of the program as a whole, but also to visually obtain more detailed information about which groups of products and technologies have been patented.

scholarly journals Computational Method for Wavefront Sensing Based on Transport-Of-Intensity Equation

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Iliya Gritsenko ◽  
Michael Kovalev ◽  
George Krasin ◽  
Matvey Konoplyov ◽  
Nikita Stsepuro
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Spherical Wave ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Wavefront Sensing ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Transport Of Intensity Equation ◽  
Priori Information

Recently the transport-of-intensity equation as a phase imaging method turned out as an effective microscopy method that does not require the use of high-resolution optical systems and a priori information about the object. In this paper we propose a mathematical model that adapts the transport-of-intensity equation for the purpose of wavefront sensing of the given light wave. The analysis of the influence of the longitudinal displacement z and the step between intensity distributions measurements on the error in determining the wavefront radius of curvature of a spherical wave is carried out. The proposed method is compared with the traditional Shack–Hartmann method and the method based on computer-generated Fourier holograms. Numerical simulation showed that the proposed method allows measurement of the wavefront radius of curvature with radius of 40 mm and with accuracy of ~200 μm.

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