Influence of Mixing Environmental Conditions on Flowability of Lactose Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yun Lu ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Rui Lin Heng ◽  
Yun Zhang Cheng ◽  
Umezuruike Linus Opara
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Powder Flowability ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Powder flowability is one of the most important properties affecting the filling and delivering processes of dry powder inhalations. When the powder is exposed to different environmental (temperature, relative humidity (RH)) conditions, the interaction between particulates would influence the flowability of powders. Blends of 83% coarse lactose (D50=126μm) and 17% fine lactose (D50= 7μm) were prepared at three different mixing environments and the effects of temperature and humidity on powder flowability were investigated. Results indicated that mixing under relatively higher temperature and lower RH environmental conditions improved the flowability of lactose blends.

Experimental Study on Hygroscopicity of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 2275-2278
Author(s):  
Ming Jin Yang ◽  
Wu Ming Xu ◽  
Tian Tang ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Critical Relative Humidity ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Higher Temperature

The hygroscopicity property of the rapeseed at different temperature and humidity was experimental studied in this paper. Tested results show that: the moisture absorption rates increase with the increase of relative humidity at the early period of absorption, and higher temperature leads to earlier reach of moisture equilibrium; the critical relative humidity(CRH) increases with the increase of temperature; the optional relative humidity for safety storage of rapeseed should be controlled less than 60%.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature and Humidity May Reduce the Growth Rate of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qin ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Jiani Shao ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Xiaomei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The effects of temperature and humidity on the epidemic growth of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)remains unclear.Methods: Daily scatter plots between the epidemic growth rate (GR) and average temperature (AT) or average relative humidity (ARH) were presented with curve fitting through the “loess” method. The heterogeneity across days and provinces were calculated to assess the necessity of using a longitudinal model. Fixed effect models with polynomial terms were developed to quantify the relationship between variations in the GR and AT or ARH.Results: An increased AT dramatically reduced the GR when the AT was lower than −5°C, the GR was moderately reduced when the AT ranged from −5°C to 15°C, and the GR increased when the AT exceeded 15°C. An increasedARH increased theGR when the ARH was lower than 72% and reduced theGR when the ARH exceeded 72%.Conclusions: High temperatures and low humidity may reduce the GR of the COVID-19 epidemic. The temperature and humidity curves were not linearly associated with the COVID-19 GR.

Restrained Shrinkage Behavior of Concrete under Different Environmental Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 835-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Tao Chen ◽  
Mao Guang Li ◽  
Ying Zi Yang ◽  
Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Restrained Shrinkage ◽  
Shrinkage Cracking ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Shrinkage Behavior

The ring test method is used to evaluate the behavior of concrete under restrained shrinkage. Four kinds of environmental conditions (20±1°C, RH60±5%; 35±1°C, RH60±5%; 50±1°C, RH15±5%; 65±1°C, RH15±5%) were designed to investigate the effect the environmental condition on the shrinkage behavior of concrete prepared with different kinds of mineral admixtures. The results show that higher temperature and lower relative humidity can increase the risk of shrinkage cracking. The addition of different mineral admixtures increases the shrinkage of concrete at room conditions. In the case of higher temperature and lower relative humidity, the addition of mineral admixtures can delay the shrinkage cracking in the test duration.

scholarly journals Development of MILIONCAST, an Improved Model for Predicting Downy Mildew Sporulation on Onions

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijs Gilles ◽  
Kath Phelps ◽  
John P. Clarkson ◽  
Roy Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Random Model ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction

The effects of temperature and relative humidity on Peronospora destructor sporulation on onion (Allium cepa) leaves were studied under controlled environmental conditions. Sporangia were produced most rapidly at 8 to 12°C after 5 h of high humidity during dark periods. The greatest number of sporangia was produced at 100% relative humidity (RH), and sporulation decreased to almost nil when humidity decreased to 93% RH. A model, named MILIONCAST (an acronym for MILdew on onION foreCAST), was developed based on the data from these controlled environment studies to predict the rate of sporulation in relation to temperature and relative humidity. The accuracy of prediction of sporulation was evaluated by comparing predictions with observations of sporulation on infected plants in pots outdoors. The accuracy of MILIONCAST was compared with the accuracy of existing models based on DOWNCAST. MILIONCAST gave more correct predictions of sporulation than the DOWNCAST models and a random model. All models based on DOWNCAST were more accurate than the random model when compared on the basis of all predictions (including positive and negative predictions), but they gave fewer correct predictions of sporulation than the random model. De Visser's DOWNCAST and ONIMIL improved their accuracy of prediction of sporulation events when the threshold humidity for sporulation was reduced to 92% RH. The temporal pattern of predicted sporulation by MILIONCAST generally corresponded well to the pattern of sporulation observed on the outdoor potted plants at Wellesbourne, UK.

The effect of environmental temperature and humidity on the respiration rate of Ayrshire calves

1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Beakley ◽  
J. D. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Frequency Of Respiration

1. The respiration rates of three 4-month old Ayrshire bull calves were measured in individual 6 hr. daily exposures to 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40° C. dry bulb temperatures at 17 mg./l. absolute humidity and at 7 mg./l. saturation deficit at temperatures of 30, 35 and 40° C. in a planned sequence of environmental temperature. The schedule of experiments on each animal lasted 45 days consisting of five replications of these nine environmental conditions. Throughout the experimental programme the respiration rates of these three animals and of three control animals were measured in a holding room just before the experimental animal of each pair was transferred to the hot room.2. The frequency of respiration of all the calves increased with increasing environmental temperature and humidity.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Humidity on COVID-19 Transmission in California, US: A Time-Series Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Fang ◽  
Dingjian Wang ◽  
Guixia Pan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temperature Group ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Series Study

Abstract Background: Previous researches inferred that high temperatures and high humidity might weaken COVID-19 transmission. However, with the warming weather coming, the COVID-19 pandemic is still intensifying. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the associations between daily temperature, relative humidity, and COVID-19 cases using the Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM) from Jan 27th to July 15th, 2020, in California, US.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between COVID-19 and temperature from 6 °C to 9 °C, relative humidity from 80% to 98%. It increased the risk of 95.4% at 6 °C (RR:1.954; CI: 1.032-3.701). It increased the risk of 70.3% when the humidity was 98% (RR: 1.703, CI: 1.049-2.765). At low temperature group, it increased the risk of 46.3% (RR = 1.463, 95%CI: 1.054-2.030) on lag 0-4 days. At high humidity group, it increased the risk of 42.3% (RR = 1.423, 95%CI: 1.070-1.892) on lag 0-6 days.Conclusions: We found that low temperature and high humidity were the risky factors of COVID-19 transmission, and higher temperature and lower humidity had no effect on the transmission of COVID-19, which indicated that it might not slow down due to weather factors in summer in the Mediterranean climate.

On the Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Response of a MEMS Arch Resonator

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Hasan ◽  
Hassen M. Ouakad ◽  
Fadi Alsaleem
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Frequency Shift ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Curved Microbeam ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

In this paper, we present a comprehensive model to simulate the behavior of a general MEMS arch resonator under various thermal conditions. The model takes into account the changes in the microbeam’s parameters, air properties and the internal stresses due to temperature and humidity. The continuous, flexible, initially curved microbeam was excited linearly and nonlinearly around both its first and third modal natural frequencies. It was found that the mutual effects of temperature and humidity on air viscosity is amplified over four times when the microbeam is operated in the nonlinear regime. Furthermore, results showed that the relative humidity influence is more severe at higher values of the temperature. Finally, the microbeam’s frequency shift due to change in humidity increases when operating the microbeam at its third natural frequency compared to first natural frequency.

The effect of environmental temperature and humidity on the skin temperature of Ayrshire calves

1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Beakley ◽  
J. D. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Skin Temperatures

1. The skin temperatures at each of eight positions on the trunks of three 4-month-old Ayrshire bull calves were measured at 5 min. intervals in individual 6 hr. daily exposures to dry-bulb temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40° C. at 17 mg./l. absolute humidity, and 30, 35 and 40° C. at 7 mg./l. saturation deficit in a modified form of Latin square arrangement of environmental temperature. The schedule of experiments on each calf lasted 45 consecutive days and consisted of five replications of each of the nine environmental conditions.2. The skin temperatures of the calves all rose with increasing environmental temperature, humidity and time of exposure.

scholarly journals Aspects of the development of Ixodes anatis under different environmental conditions in the laboratory and in the field 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Bansal ◽  
William Pomroy ◽  
Allen C Heath ◽  
Isabel Castro
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
The Times ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Abstract BackgroundNumerous laboratory and fewer field-based studies have found that ixodid ticks develop more quickly and survive better at temperatures between 18 and 26°C and relative humidity between 75% and 94%. Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904, is an endophilic, nidicolous species endemic to North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli, NIBK) and the tokoeka (Apteryx australis) and little is known about the environmental conditions required for its development. Our aims in this study were to determine and compare the conditions of temperature and RH that ensured the best survival, and the shortest interstadial periods for the kiwi tick, in the laboratory and outdoors inside artificial kiwi burrows.MethodsWe collected free walking engorged ticks off wild kiwi hosts and placed them in the laboratory at various fixed temperature and humidity regimes. We also placed sets of different stages of these ticks in artificial kiwi burrows and in both cases, recorded the times taken for the ticks to moult to the next stage.ResultsWe found that larvae and nymphs both showed optimum development between 10-20°C, which is lower than many other species of ixodid ticks. However, larvae moulted quicker and survived better when saturation deficits were <1-2 mmHg (RH>94%) while for nymphs the optimum saturation deficits were 1-10 mmHg.ConclusionsWe believe that the kiwi tick has adapted to stable, but relatively cool and humid conditions in the burrows reflecting the evolutionary consequences of its association with the kiwi.

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