The Parameters Affecting Strength Calculation of Gears

2014 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Silvia Medvecká-Beňová ◽  
Peter Frankovský ◽  
Iveta Janeková
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Strength Calculation ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heat Treated Steel ◽  
Treated Layer

Safety and traffic flow of production facilities also depends upon the reliability of technical security equipment. Gearing in the transmission mechanisms must satisfy the conditions of strength calculation. This calculation consists of checking of the gear teeth on bend and contact. From the stress of gears is show that the basic requirements of the material are high hardness of works surfaces and bending strength. Steels best meet these conditions. Used steel with surface hardness up to 350 HBW, or heat treated steel with hardness of 500-650 HBW. The advantage of these materials is the high value of the contact pressure in the tough centre core of the tooth. As a final heat treatment are used surface hardening, cementation and hardening, nitridation and carbo-nitridation. Good properties of heat-treated steels are at the correct thickness of the heat-treated layer of the tooth. This paper considers the appropriate choice of parameters to obtain the desired level of safety of gears in a gearbox to drive the conveyor in the metallurgical industry under increased load.

Mechanical Properties of Nano-Crystalline Glaze for Wall Tiles Prepared by Controlling TiO2 Nucleating Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoorim Rho ◽  
Seunggu Kang ◽  
Jinho Kim ◽  
Kangduk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Opaque Glaze ◽  
Degree Of Crystallization

In this paper, TiO2 is substituted as a nucleating agent in opaque glaze to produce nano-crystalline glaze with high hardness. The crystallization mechanism of glaze was calculated by non-isothermal thermal analysis by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and the glaze was heat treated at the crystallization temperature (Tp). In the case of glaze (88G20T), in which TiO2 was substituted by 20 wt% showed surface crystallization behaviors because the Avrami constant (n) was 1.18 and the activation energy (E) values were 747.0 kJ/mol at the crystallization temperature (Tp2). The microstructure of the glazes without heat-treatment showed that phase separation transferred from spinodal to nucleation-growth as TiO2 substitution increased. The size of droplets was nano-sized, below 100 nm. The glazes heated at the crystallization temperature (Tp) and crystal size of several hundred nm to several μm was observed. The surface hardness of the crystalline glaze showed a high hardness of 6.74 GPa and the degree of crystallization was 47.5% at 80G20T after heat treatment at Tp2 (1207 °C).

Induction and Flame Hardening

2005 ◽  
pp. 249-255
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Preheat Treatment ◽  
Flame Hardening ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Induction and flame hardening are methods of hardening the surfaces of components, usually in selected areas, by the short-time application of high-intensity heating followed by quenching. These processes are used when gear teeth require high hardness, but size or configuration does not lend itself to carburizing and quenching the entire part. This chapter focuses on the processes involved in the induction and flame hardening, covering the applicable materials, hardening patterns, preheat treatment, quenching, tempering, surface hardness, case depth, hardening problems, dual-frequency process, and applications.

TATMO V

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Treated Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Red Hardness ◽  
Edge Toughness ◽  
Heat Treated Steel

Abstract TATMO-V is a high-speed tool steel with superior abrasion resistance because of its high contents of carbon and vanadium. It is an excellent choice for premium grade tools which require an outstanding balance of red hardness, edge toughness, and wear resistance. Increased tool life of Tatmo-V is noted in the machining of semi-hard, heat-treated steel pats (300-350 Brinell). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-434. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company.

Increasing Hardness of Surface Layer of Low-Carbon Steel by Account of Plasma Treatment of Coating Modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 794-802
Author(s):  
Andrey E. Balanovsky ◽  
Van Trieu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Plasma Heating ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Diffusion Region ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wide Range

The Purpose of paper is to conduct studies to assess the possibility of increasing the hardness of the surface layer of steel St3 grade by plasma heating of the applied surface coating containing powder alloy PR-N80X13S2R. Mixtures of pasta were divided into 2 groups: for furnace chemical-thermal treatment and plasma surface melting. The study of the microstructure showed a difference in the depth of the saturated layer, depending on the processing method, during chemical-thermal treatment-1 mm, plasma fusion - 2 mm. The results of measuring the surface micro-hardness showed that, the obtained coating from a mixture of PR-N80X13S2R + Cr2O3 + NH4Cl has a uniform high surface hardness (31-64 HRC), from a mixture of only PR-N80X13S2R - the surface hardness varies in a wide range (15-60 HRC). The study of the microhardness of the cross section of the surface layer showed that, the diffusion region: from a mixture of powder PR-N80X13S2R + Cr2O3 + NH4Cl has uniform hardness (450-490 HV); from a mixture of PR-N80X13S2R - hardness increases in the depth of the molten region (from 300 to 600 HV), and sharply decreases in the heat affected zone (210-170 HV). The use of PR-N80X13S2R alloy powder as the main component in the composition of the paste deposited on the St3 surface during plasma treatment leads to the formation of a doped surface layer with high hardness.

Hardening of Selective Laser Melted M2 Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Haoxing You ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Richard D. Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Near Net Shape

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique that can be used to make the near-net-shape metal parts. M2 is a high-speed steel widely used in cutting tools, which is due to its high hardness of this steel. Conventionally, the hardening heat treatment process, including quenching and tempering, is conducted to achieve the high hardness for M2 wrought parts. It was debated if the hardening is needed for additively manufactured M2 parts. In the present work, the M2 steel part is fabricated by SLM. It is found that the hardness of as-fabricated M2 SLM parts is much lower than the hardened M2 wrought parts. The characterization was conducted including X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the microstructure evolution of as-fabricated, quenched, and tempered M2 SLM part. The M2 wrought part was heat-treated simultaneously with the SLM part for comparison. It was found the hardness of M2 SLM part after heat treatment is increased and comparable to the wrought part. Both quenched and tempered M2 SLM and wrought parts have the same microstructure, while the size of the carbides in the wrought part is larger than that in the SLM part.

A new look at the bending strength of gear teeth

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Allison ◽  
E. J. Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
New Look

Research on Damage and Bending Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Xi An Xie ◽  
Gao Feng Quan
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Four Point Bending Test ◽  
Initial Cracks

Through the four-point bending test of lath-shaped heat treated AZ31 magnesium alloy, the bending properties and damage characteristics were explored. The results show that the optimal bending strength of the magnesium alloy were 355.1MPa and 259.2MPa for extruded and cast samples, respectively, after corresponding heat treatment with 350°C, 90min and 400°C, 30min. The initial cracks both occurred at the loading point after applied load exceeded the yield limit of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Surface bump, cracks and other damage morphology accompanied by a large number of twinning organizations were found on the surface of the samples.

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