Energy Efficient Sustainable Building Materials: An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Anwar Hussain ◽  
Mohammad Arif Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Main Component

With the rapid development and modernisation, cities are growing at a very fast pace and the buildings are the main component of cities. Building construction in the world annually consumes around 25% of the global wood harvest, 40% of stone, sand and gravel and 16% of water. It generates 50% of global output of GHG and agents of acid rains. The manufacturing process of building material contributes to Green House Gases such as CO2 to the atmosphere to a great extent. The natural disasters like global warming, ozone layer depletion, unexpected seasonal variations and decreasing land surface have now moved the centre of attraction from development to sustainable development. Since we have limited resources and energy, our development should focus on conserving the energy. Due to the continuous exploitation of natural resources, there is an urge to produce environmentally responsive building material for the construction of new buildings to meet the rapid urban growth. Sustainable buildings are designed, constructed, maintained, rehabilitated, and demolished with an emphasis throughout their life cycle on using natural resources efficiently while also protecting global ecosystems. Selection of appropriate building material helps to use the energy efficiently. In the rapidly changing scenario of building sector, planners, architects, engineers and builders are looking for new materials and technologies to adopt in future constructions that benefits like energy efficiency, resources and water conservation, improved indoor air quality, life cycle cost reduction and durability. This paper presents a brief study of sustainable aspects of building materials and a tool for Life Cycle Assessment criteria that helps in selecting proper building materials.

scholarly journals BIM Application to Select Appropriate Design Alternative with Consideration of LCA and LCCA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-su Shin ◽  
Kyuman Cho
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Great Burden

Advancements in building materials and technology have led to the rapid development of various design solutions. At the same time, life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of such solutions have become a great burden to engineers and project managers. To help conduct LCA and LCCA conveniently, this study (i) analyzed the information needed to conduct LCA and LCCA, (ii) evaluated a way to obtain such information in an easy and accurate manner using a building information modeling tool, and (iii) developed an Excel spreadsheet-based framework that allowed for the simultaneous implementation of LCA and LCCA. The framework developed for LCA and LCCA was applied to a real building case to evaluate three possible alternatives for an external skin system. The framework could easily and accurately determine which skin system had good properties in terms of the LCA and LCCA performance. Therefore, these results are expected to assist in decision making based on the perspectives of economic and environmental performances in the early phases of a project, where various alternatives can be created and evaluated.

Comparison of Building Construction and Life-Cycle Cost for a High-Rise Mass Timber Building with its Concrete Alternative

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-492
Author(s):  
Hongmei Gu ◽  
Shaobo Liang ◽  
Richard Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Front End ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Mass Timber

Abstract Mass timber building materials such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) have captured attention in mid- to high-rise building designs because of their potential environmental benefits. The recently updated multistory building code also enables greater utilization of these wood building materials. The cost-effectiveness of mass timber buildings is also undergoing substantial analysis. Given the relatively new presence of CLT in United States, high front-end construction costs are expected. This study presents the life-cycle cost (LCC) for a 12-story, 8,360-m2 mass timber building to be built in Portland, Oregon. The goal was to assess its total life-cycle cost (TLCC) relative to a functionally equivalent reinforced-concrete building design using our in-house-developed LCC tool. Based on commercial construction cost data from the RSMeans database, a mass timber building design is estimated to have 26 percent higher front-end costs than its concrete alternative. Front-end construction costs dominated the TLCC for both buildings. However, a decrease of 2.4 percent TLCC relative to concrete building was observed because of the estimated longer lifespan and higher end-of-life salvage value for the mass timber building. The end-of-life savings from demolition cost or salvage values in mass timber building could offset some initial construction costs. There are minimal historical construction cost data and lack of operational cost data for mass timber buildings; therefore, more studies and data are needed to make the generalization of these results. However, a solid methodology for mass timber building LCC was developed and applied to demonstrate several cost scenarios for mass timber building benefits or disadvantages.

scholarly journals Study of Alternatives for the Design of Sustainable Low-Income Housing in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4757
Author(s):  
Pollyanna Fernandes Bianchi ◽  
Víctor Yepes ◽  
Paulo Cezar Vitorio ◽  
Moacir Kripka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Low Income Housing

Despite insufficient housing facilities, particularly in developing countries, construction systems are generally selected intuitively or based on conventional solutions sanctioned by practice. The present study aims to evaluate different options for the design of low-income housing in Brazil by integrating the life cycle assessment (LCA) into the decision-making process. To achieve this objective, three single-family projects with different construction systems were selected and analyzed. The most sustainable design was selected through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The considered parameters, which were obtained through a survey with professionals and customers, included cost, environmental impact, thermal comfort, construction time, and cultural acceptance. LCA and life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) were performed with the frontier’s system considering the cradle-to-gate cycle, which included the extraction of raw materials, manufacture of building materials, and housing construction. The projects were modelled using Autodesk Revit software with the Tally application for LCA evaluation. The results indicated that light steel frame houses present a better behavior than other conventional alternatives, and the integration of building information modelling with LCA and LCCA in the design phase can lead to the development of more sustainable houses.

INDIE CINEMA CENTRE DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR BERKELANJUTAN DI KOTA BANDUNG

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Afrianty ◽  
Ahmad Farkhan ◽  
Sri Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Sustainable Architecture ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Electricity Power ◽  
Creative Space ◽  
Public Area

<p><em>Designing of Indie Cinema Centre in Bandung based on rapid development of indie film, the efforts from government in increase creative space for community and also Bandung has potential from elected in pilot poject of Asia </em><em>C</em><em>reative </em><em>C</em><em>ities. The purpose of this designing is to </em><em>design</em><em> coordinating institution for indie community so they can appreciate their works to the mass. This day. indie film community still use public area which not special designed for them. The main problem of this design is how to design Indie Cinema Centre by applying Sustainable Architecture in building. Sustainable Architecture applied in building, such as façade building, material and building utility. Beside applying Sustainable Architecture, this design also uses film characteristic, such one way communication and expression freedom. The result of this design from applying Sustainable Architecture and film characteristic is to obtain building shape which is take advantage of natural resources, using exterior and interior from merger of Sustainable Architecture and film characteristic, use fine material which not give negative effect for environment and applying Sustainable Architecture for water utility, electricity power and artificial air.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Sustainable<strong> </strong></em><em>Architecture, </em><em>Indie</em><em> Film, Community, Film Characteristic, Bandung.</em></p>

scholarly journals Using BIM to calculate accurate building material quantities for early design phase Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brian Berg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Building Information

<p>This research simplifies the calculation of the Initial Embodied Energy (iEE) for commercial office buildings. The result is the improved integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) assessments of building materials into the early stages of the building design process (sketch design). This maximises the effectiveness of implementing design solutions to lower a building’s environmental impact.  This thesis research proposes that building Information Models (BIM) will make calculating building material quantities easier, to simplify LCA calculations, all to improve their integration into existing sketch design phase practices, and building design decisions. This is achieved by developing a methodology for using BIM LCA tools to calculate highly detailed material quantities from a simple BIM model of sketch design phase building information. This is methodology is called an Initial Embodied Energy Building Information Model Life Cycle Assessment Building Performance Sketch (iEE BIM LCA BPS). Using this methodology calculates iEE results that are accurate, and represent a sufficient proportion (complete) of a building’s total iEE consumption, making them useful for iEE decision-making.  iEE is one example of a LCA-based indicator that was used to test, and prove the feasibility of the iEE BIM LCA BPS methodology. Proving this, the research method tests the accuracy that a BIM model can calculate case study building’s building material quantities. This included developing; a methodology for how to use the BIM tool Revit to calculate iEE; a functional definition of an iEE BIM LCA BPS based on the environmental impact, and sketch design decisions effecting building materials, and elements; and an EE simulation calibration accuracy assessment methodology, complete with a function definition of the accuracy required of an iEE simulation to ensure it’s useful for sketch design decision-making.  Two main tests were conducted as part of proving the iEE BIM LCA BPS’ feasibility. Test one assessed and proved that the iEE BIM LCA BPS model based on sketch design information does represent a sufficient proportion (complete) of a building’s total iEE consumption, so that are useful for iEE decision-making. This was tested by comparing the building material quantities from a SOQ (SOQ) produced to a sketch design level of detail (truth model 3), to an as-built level of detail, defined as current iEE best practices (truth model 1). Subsequent to proving that the iEE BIM LCA BPS is sufficiently complete, test two assessed if a BIM model and tool could calculate building material quantities accurately compared to truth model 3. The outcome was answering the research question of, how detailed does a BIM model need to be to calculate accurate building material quantities for a building material LCA (LCA) assessment?  The inference of this thesis research is a methodology for using BIM models to calculate the iEE of New Zealand commercial office buildings in the early phases of the design process. The outcome was that a building design team’s current level of sketch design phase information is sufficiently detailed for sketch design phase iEE assessment. This means, that iEE and other LCA-based assessment indicators can be integrated into a design team’s existing design process, practices, and decisions, with no restructuring required.</p>

Alternative Building Material Using Industrial and Agricultural Wastes

2015 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swetha Madhusudanan ◽  
Lilly Rose Amirtham
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Environmentally Responsive ◽  
Building Wall

The conventional building material used in the construction industry in India is the burnt clay brick which has high embodied energy (1.4W/m K). It causes significant environmental hazards as it consumes considerable amount of top soil. Hence there is a need to produce environmentally responsive building materials for the construction of new buildings in order to meet the rapid urban growth. As an alternative, natural resources used in conventional building material can be replaced by industrial and agricultural wastes like fly ash, copper slag and phosphogypsum, slag to address and solve socio-economic problems such as employment, shortage of residential spaces while ensuring the economic feasibility. This paper thus attempts to identify an eco-friendly alternative building material by utilizing wastes from industrial & agricultural sites as partial substitutes of sand, cement or aggregates, thereby reducing continuous exploitation of these natural resources. . The properties of the alternative building wall materials are identified and compared with that of conventional bricks. Additionally the thermal conductivity of the proposed block is determined and compared with that of brick to provide a comfortable building environment for the end user.

The Research of Energy-Saving Building’s Cost-Benefit Based on the Stakeholders

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1244-1248
Author(s):  
Qi Qi ◽  
Zhi Yuan Xun ◽  
Zhu Zhang ◽  
Tai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Building Life Cycle

The main reason for slow development of energy-saving buildings are differences in the benefit of all stakeholders to appeal. Identifying stakeholders, and on the basis of analysis all parties interests and needs, energy-saving building Life Cycle Cost-Benefit Model was established. Then we can find the equilibrium point among the government, developer and consumer, and factors of impacting the development of energy-saving buildings. Last we provide advice for the rapid development of energy-saving buildings.

scholarly journals Using BIM to calculate accurate building material quantities for early design phase Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brian Berg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Building Information

<p>This research simplifies the calculation of the Initial Embodied Energy (iEE) for commercial office buildings. The result is the improved integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) assessments of building materials into the early stages of the building design process (sketch design). This maximises the effectiveness of implementing design solutions to lower a building’s environmental impact.  This thesis research proposes that building Information Models (BIM) will make calculating building material quantities easier, to simplify LCA calculations, all to improve their integration into existing sketch design phase practices, and building design decisions. This is achieved by developing a methodology for using BIM LCA tools to calculate highly detailed material quantities from a simple BIM model of sketch design phase building information. This is methodology is called an Initial Embodied Energy Building Information Model Life Cycle Assessment Building Performance Sketch (iEE BIM LCA BPS). Using this methodology calculates iEE results that are accurate, and represent a sufficient proportion (complete) of a building’s total iEE consumption, making them useful for iEE decision-making.  iEE is one example of a LCA-based indicator that was used to test, and prove the feasibility of the iEE BIM LCA BPS methodology. Proving this, the research method tests the accuracy that a BIM model can calculate case study building’s building material quantities. This included developing; a methodology for how to use the BIM tool Revit to calculate iEE; a functional definition of an iEE BIM LCA BPS based on the environmental impact, and sketch design decisions effecting building materials, and elements; and an EE simulation calibration accuracy assessment methodology, complete with a function definition of the accuracy required of an iEE simulation to ensure it’s useful for sketch design decision-making.  Two main tests were conducted as part of proving the iEE BIM LCA BPS’ feasibility. Test one assessed and proved that the iEE BIM LCA BPS model based on sketch design information does represent a sufficient proportion (complete) of a building’s total iEE consumption, so that are useful for iEE decision-making. This was tested by comparing the building material quantities from a SOQ (SOQ) produced to a sketch design level of detail (truth model 3), to an as-built level of detail, defined as current iEE best practices (truth model 1). Subsequent to proving that the iEE BIM LCA BPS is sufficiently complete, test two assessed if a BIM model and tool could calculate building material quantities accurately compared to truth model 3. The outcome was answering the research question of, how detailed does a BIM model need to be to calculate accurate building material quantities for a building material LCA (LCA) assessment?  The inference of this thesis research is a methodology for using BIM models to calculate the iEE of New Zealand commercial office buildings in the early phases of the design process. The outcome was that a building design team’s current level of sketch design phase information is sufficiently detailed for sketch design phase iEE assessment. This means, that iEE and other LCA-based assessment indicators can be integrated into a design team’s existing design process, practices, and decisions, with no restructuring required.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation and Selection of Building Materials based on Life Cycle Cost Prediction

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghwan Ahn ◽  
Jinkang Lim ◽  
Minho Oh ◽  
Jaewook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cost Prediction ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Environmental and Economic of Flooring Building Materials

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Nachawit Tikul
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Ceramic Tiles

Green building design requires use of building materials that minimize environmental impact, necessitating selection of building materials by their environmental profile as well as economic cost-benefit considerations. The objective of this research is to determine the environmental impacts per square meter of three flooring materials; ceramic tiles, marble tiles, andparquet produced in Thailand. Life cycle cost (LCC) of the three materials are determined and compared. The study finds that ceramic tiles cause the greatest environmental impact, especially during the material extraction phase. When calculating all costsincurred throughout the life-cycle, the cost of untreated solid wood parquet is highest.

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