Studies on the Properties of Raw Flax and Hemp Fibres after Two Step Initial Treatment

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.375 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 762 ◽

pp. 375-379

Author(s):

Aina Bernava ◽

Skaidrite Reihmane

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Testing ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Enzyme Treatment ◽

Colorimetric Analysis ◽

Step Method ◽

Flax Fibres ◽

Hemp Fibres ◽

Alkaline Enzyme

The requirements regarding the properties of fibres are closely linked to their further application. The demands for garment and home textile considerably differ from requirements for fibres that are used for technical purposes. This paper presents the results on investigation of raw flax and hemp fibres after their initial treatment with two step method (cold or hot alkaline, enzyme treatment and bleaching as after-treatment). The properties of hemp and flax fibres are evaluated by colorimetric analysis, mechanical testing, and microscopy of the surface of fibres.

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Alkaline Enzyme Treatment of Spruce Wood to Increase Permeability

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.10.3.4403-4410 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sefa Durmaz ◽

Umit Cafer Yildiz ◽

Sibel Yildiz

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Treatment ◽

Spruce Wood ◽

Alkaline Enzyme

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Development and Research of Thermal Insulation Materials from Natural Fibres

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.604.285 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 604 ◽

pp. 285-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Saulius Vaitkus ◽

Rūta Karpavičiūtė ◽

Sigitas Vėjelis ◽

Lina Lekūnaitė

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Preparation Method ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Natural Fibres ◽

Current Work ◽

Insulation Materials ◽

Flax Fibres ◽

Hemp Fibres

Natural fibres from flax and hemp are used as raw materials for efficient thermal insulation. In current work, tests were carried out using chopped and combed long flax fibres as well as chopped and combed long hemp fibres. Investigations have shown that thermal conductivity of natural fibres depends on their preparation method (combing, chopping) and materials density.

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Experimental Investigation on the Fracture Energy and Mechanical Behaviour of Hemp and Flax Fibre FRC Compared to Polypropylene FRC

10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.326 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Caroline Da Costa Santos ◽

Paul Archbold

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Fracture Energy ◽

Natural Fibre ◽

Embodied Energy ◽

Polypropylene Fibres ◽

Flax Fibres ◽

Flexural Tensile Strength ◽

Hemp Fibres ◽

Interesting Approach

Natural fibre reinforced concrete is been studied for many years as a more sustainable option to current reinforced concrete used in industry. The most common fibre materials currently adopted are steel, glass and synthetic fibres. Apart from the high oxidation and cost, their environmental impact is a serious issue as they are petroleum-based materials. This study assesses the feasibility of replacing polypropylene fibre with hemp and flax fibres. According to the inventory of carbon and energy (ICE) the embodied energy of polypropylene (PP) is 95.4MJ/kg and the embodied carbon is 4.98kgCO2/kg during its lifetime. It represents approximately 3 times more than the estimated values for vegetable fibres. For this, Different concrete mixtures reinforced by 0.5% to 1.0% of hemp, flax and polypropylene fibres were tested, and their post-crack flexural tensile strength, elastic’s modulus, compressive strength and fracture energy were evaluated. The mixtures containing hemp fibres presented properties equivalent to those containing polypropylene under the same proportion. Although both compressive and tensile strength were reduced for the mixes containing flax fibres, the Young’s modulus was 49% smaller and could be an interesting approach for applications that require better elasticity from the concrete, such as industrial floors and structures that may be submitted to impact.

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The Effect of Alimentary Hyperlipemia on Thrombolysis in vivo

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1654493 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 149-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nils U. Bang ◽

Eugene E. Cliffton

Keyword(s):

Fibrinolytic Activity ◽

Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Treatment ◽

Enzyme Therapy ◽

Fasting State ◽

Fatty Meal ◽

Complete Dissolution ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Specific Inhibitors

Summary1. The effect of a standard, potent fibrinolytic enzyme therapy has been compared in fasting and lipemic dogs.2. The standard fibrinolytic regimen resulted in the complete dissolution of all clots produced experimentally in the fasting state in 10 dogs.3. Clots formed during alimentary lipemia exhibited a markedly increased resistance to the standard fibrinolytic regimen in 6 dogs.4. An increase in anti plasmin fibrinolytic titer with concomitant decrease in spontaneous fibrinolytic activity was observed in 15 dogs following the administration of a fatty meal. No difference in fibrinolytic activity and APF titer was demonstrable in fasting and lipemic blood samples obtained during fibrinolytic enzyme treatment.5. The possibility of the presence of specific inhibitors against the fibrinolytic enzyme in clots formed during lipemia has been investigated and the evidence to support this theory is discussed.

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Purification of Urokinase from Complex Mixtures Using Immobilized Monoclonal Antibody Against Urokinase Light Chain

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657308 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 49 (01) ◽

pp. 024-027 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

David Vetterlein ◽

Gary J Calton

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Light Chain ◽

Culture Media ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Single Step ◽

High Yield ◽

Step Method ◽

Commercial Preparation ◽

E Coli ◽

Tissue Culture Media

SummaryThe preparation of a monoclonal antibody (MAB) against high molecular weight (HMW) urokinase light chain (20,000 Mr) is described. This MAB was immobilized and the resulting immunosorbent was used to isolate urokinase starting with an impure commercial preparation, fresh urine, spent tissue culture media, or E. coli broth without preliminary dialysis or concentration steps. Monospecific antibodies appear to provide a rapid single step method of purifying urokinase, in high yield, from a variety of biological fluids.

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NUMERICAL MODEL TO SIMULATE THE EROSION ON THE SLOPE DUE TO OVERTOPPING

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v13i3.2156 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 78-87

Author(s):

Hoai Cong Huynh

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Flow Model ◽

Bed Load ◽

Experiment Data ◽

Step Method ◽

Morphological Model ◽

Load Transport ◽

Bed Load Transport ◽

The Finite Difference Method ◽

Good Agreement

The numerical model is developed consisting of a 1D flow model and the morphological model to simulate the erosion due to the water overtopping. The step method is applied to solve the water surface on the slope and the finite difference method of the modified Lax Scheme is applied for bed change equation. The Meyer-Peter and Muller formulae is used to determine the bed load transport rate. The model is calibrated and verified based on the data in experiment. It is found that the computed results and experiment data are good agreement.

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The Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis for Evaluating Efficiency of Public Investment Projects (The Case of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic Games)

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2011-11-57-78 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 57-78

Author(s):

I. Pilipenko

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Olympic Games ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Public Investment ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Investment Efficiency ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Step Method ◽

Investment Projects ◽

The Usa

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.

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Refining Energy Reduction and Pulp Characteristic Modification of Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulp (APMP) Through Enzyme Application

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj8.5.19 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

PETER W. HART ◽

DARRELL M. WAITE ◽

LUC THIBAULT, ◽

JOHN TOMASHEK ◽

MARIE-EVE ROUSSEAU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wood Chip ◽

The United States ◽

Enzyme Treatment ◽

Chemical Application ◽

Alkaline Peroxide ◽

Eucalyptus Wood ◽

Pulp Properties ◽

Pulp Processing ◽

Two Stages ◽

Enzyme Application

Eucalyptus wood chips were subjected to impregnation with various blends of novel fiber modify-ing enzymes before chemical pretreatment and two stages of refining using the preconditioning refiner chemical–alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (PRC-APMP) process. Wood chip impregnation and pulp processing was con-ducted at a pilot plant in the United States. When compared under constant chemical application and at a constant 350 mL CSF, enzyme treatment reduced specific refining energy by at least 24%. The effect of one versus two stages of impregnation and of enzyme action upon several physical pulp properties was determined.

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