Thermo Distillation and Characterization of Bio Oil from Fast Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS)

Thermo distillation of palm kernel shell in a column reactor was studied in this paper. The objective of this research was to characterize the bio oil and bio oil fractions. The maximum yield was around 70 wt% at 120 °C. The bio oil fractions were collected in ten columns at different temperature ranging between 75- 105°C. HHV of bio oil was 26MJ/Kg. The bio oil moisture, volatility, fixed carbon, and ash were determined and found to be around 6.44wt%, 52.72wt%, 24.39wt%, 16.45wt%, respectively. It can be seen that the PKS bio oil can be considered as an alternative fuel. . HHV of bio oil fraction was between 20- 21MJ/Kg, The density of bio oil fraction was 976.54 g/ mL, and pH of bio oil fraction were around of 2.16.

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Effect of temperature on bio-oil fractions of palm kernel shell thermal distillation

International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies ◽

10.53894/ijirss.v1i2.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Deana Qarizada ◽

Erfan Mohammadian ◽

Azil Bahari Alias ◽

Humapar Azhar Rahimi ◽

Suriatie Binti Mat Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Liquid Fraction ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Product Yield ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Heating Value ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Oil Fraction ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Oil Fractions

Distillation is an essential thermo chemical process; it mainly depends on temperature which affects mostly the product yield and composition. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature on the characterization of bio-oil liquid fraction derived from palm kernel shell (PKS) bio-oil. The temperatures were 100 °C and 140°C. The higher heating value (HHV) obtained were 28.6MJ/Kg and 31.5MJ/Kg for bio-oil fraction 100°C and 140°C respectively. The GC- MS analysis determined that phenol is the dominant product in bio-oil fractions.

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Production and detailed characterization of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell

Biomass and Bioenergy ◽

10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.08.037 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 316-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Mohammad Asadullah ◽

Nurul Suhada Ab Rasid ◽

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir ◽

Amin Azdarpour

Keyword(s):

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Detailed Characterization ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Bio Oil

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Fast Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Kernel Shell in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: The Effect of Biomass Size on the Yields of Pyrolysis Products

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.608 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 625 ◽

pp. 608-611

Author(s):

Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽

Ali Norizan ◽

Hafizah Ahmad Afif ◽

Norridah Osman ◽

Wissam N. Omar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽

Internal Diameter ◽

Pyrolysis Products ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Benzene Toluene

This study investigates the effect of biomass size on the yields of char, liquid (organic compounds and water) and gas for fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS). Fast pyrolysis was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor of 108 mm in internal diameter operated at 450 °C using three different sizes of palm kernel shell (0.325, 0.75 and 1.5 mm). In specific the effect of biomass size on the yields of known and unknown organics in bio-oil was mainly investigated. The major organics include acetic acid, phenol and furfural. The minor ones include 2-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, 2-methylnaphthalene, benzene, toluene and tetrahydrofurane (THF). Smaller biomass sizes were favorable for higher bio-oil yields.

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Process Simulation on Fast Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell for Production of Fuel

Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.17509/ijost.v4i1.15803 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 64 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mangala Nayaggy ◽

Zulfan Adi Putra

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Process Simulation ◽

Liquid Fuel ◽

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Primary Source ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Preliminary Study

As the worlds primary source of energy is depleting, an alternative particularly renewable energy is being explored. This work is a preliminary study on fast pyrolysis process of palm kernel shell to produce liquid fuel. The simulation uses pyrolysis data obtained from one of the previous works on fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell. As there are no literature available on upgrading of bio oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell, the chemical reactions are synthesised based on upgrading of bio oil from different biomass. The upgraded oil is then analysed by comparing its distillate curve with that of the ASTM of gasoline. The distillation curves are shown to be quite similar as the components found in the oil almost resemble those in the gasoline. Thus, the bio oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell has almost similar components compared to the ASTM of gasoline.

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Characterization of Bio-Oil From Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis

JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES ◽

10.15282/jmes.7.2014.12.0110 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1134-1140 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

R. Ahmad ◽

N. Hamidin ◽

U.F.M. Ali ◽

C.Z.A. Abidin

Keyword(s):

Palm Kernel ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Bio Oil

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Fuel Characterization of Bio-oil from Fast Pyrolysis of Tectona grandis in a Fixed Bed Reactor

International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment ◽

10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2020035930 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pious Okekunle ◽

Akinola Ogunsola ◽

Oluwapelumi Babayemi ◽

Emmanuel Abodunrin ◽

Olanrewaju Daramola

Keyword(s):

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Fuel Characterization

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Comparison of the Yield and Properties of Bio-Oil Produced by Slow and Fast Pyrolysis of Rice Husks and Coconut Shells

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.626 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 625 ◽

pp. 626-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mandy Su Zan Gui ◽

Seyed Amirmostafa Jourabchi ◽

Hoon Kiat Ng ◽

Suyin Gan

Keyword(s):

Maximum Yield ◽

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Bio Oil ◽

American Society ◽

Coconut Shells ◽

Lower Water Content

Slow pyrolysis (SP) and fast pyrolysis (FP) of rice husks, coconut shells and their mixtures were studied in a fixed bed reactor. The objectives of this study were to compare the yields and properties of bio-oils produced using SP and FP methods within a pyrolysis temperature range of 400 °C to 600 °C. Three different biomass compositions, 100% rice husks (RH), 100% coconut shells (CS) and a mixture of 50% rice husks with 50% of coconut shells (RH50/CS50) were experimented. In SP, the maximum yield of bio-oil for RH, CS and RH50/CS50 were 45.45%, 37.01%, 38.29% at temperatures of 550 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C respectively. As for FP, the maximum bio-oil yield obtained for RH, CS and RH50/CS50 were 50.52%, 40.14% and 42.25% at temperatures of 500 °C, 600 °C and 550 °C respectively. At these optimum pyrolysis temperatures, the percentage differences in bio oil yields for SP and FP were 10.57%, 8.11% and 9.83% for RH, CS and RH50/CS50 respectively. Based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard procedures, the properties of bio-oil were characterised and it was found that the bio oil produced by FP at optimum temperatures were less acidic, higher density, lower water content and viscosity as compared to the bio-oil produced by SP method for all biomass compositions.

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