Development of Microemulsions Containing Carthamus tinctorius Extract for 5α-Reductase Inhibition

2019 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Sitthiphong Soradech ◽  
Khaunnapa Panapong ◽  
Surada Soonthornsatitwong ◽  
Somkamol Manchun ◽  
Sirinan Tubtimted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Permeation Rate ◽  
Du145 Cells ◽  
Thai Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Results

The purpose of this study was to develop micromeulsion consisting of Carthamus tinctorius floret extract (CT) as an ingredient to inhibit 5α-reductase activity. CT was extracted using a simple maceration technique with ethanol and inhibition of 5α-reductase activities was determined. Solutions of 2% CT extract were loaded into four microemulsion (ME) formulas (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and investigated for their physical properties, skin permeation and stability. Results showed that crude CT extract had no toxic effects on DU145 cells at concentrations of 0.0001-1.0 mg/mL. For reduction of 5α-reductase activities, concentration of CT extract at 0.05 mg/mL exhibited highest 5-reductase type-1 inhibition activity on the DU-145 cell line at 89.96% of the control, higher than standard finasteride (31.39%) and dutasteride (38.58%). The results indicated that a thermodynamically stable microemulsion improved the stability and permeation rate of CT extract. Among the ME formula, F3 was most appropriate for ME formulation with highest permeation rate and good stability during 30 days of storage. Therefore, using nanotechnology for stable transdermal delivery systems of bioactive compounds from Thai medicinal plants is one approach to improve skin and hair follicle permeation.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Dermal and Transdermal Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Amani Zoabi ◽  
Elka Touitou ◽  
Katherine Margulis
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Stability

The stratum corneum, the most superficial layer of the skin, protects the body against environmental hazards and presents a highly selective barrier for the passage of drugs and cosmetic products deeper into the skin and across the skin. Nanomaterials can effectively increase the permeation of active molecules across the stratum corneum and enable their penetration into deeper skin layers, often by interacting with the skin and creating the distinct sites with elevated local concentration, acting as reservoirs. The flux of the molecules from these reservoirs can be either limited to the underlying skin layers (for topical drug and cosmeceutical delivery) or extended across all the sublayers of the epidermis to the blood vessels of the dermis (for transdermal delivery). The type of the nanocarrier and the physicochemical nature of the active substance are among the factors that determine the final skin permeation pattern and the stability of the penetrant in the cutaneous environment. The most widely employed types of nanomaterials for dermal and transdermal applications include solid lipid nanoparticles, nanovesicular carriers, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles. The recent advances in the area of nanomaterial-assisted dermal and transdermal delivery are highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals Cationic Moieties in Polystyrene Gels Swollen with d-Limonene Improved Transdermal Delivery System

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeyarad Charoensumran ◽  
Hiroharu Ajiro
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Steady State Flux ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Polystyrene Gel ◽  
Permeation Properties ◽  
High Mechanical Stability

d-limonene, a terpene and natural compound, has been found to be an excellent penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery (TDD). It hence has been incorporated within various transdermal formulations. Herein, we report the application of polystyrene gel swollen with d-limonene and its derivatives for TDD. Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS gel), poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-4VP) gel and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-(vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (PS-VBAC gel) were employed as chemical gels to improve the stability of the TDD substrates. The drug permeation properties from the PS gels swollen in limonene were examined, regarding the effect of its network density as well as their rheological properties. The lowest density of the network showed the highest steady flux of the permeation at 43.7 ± 0.3 μg/cm2. FT-IR spectra were confirmed for PS-4VP and PS-VBAC, bearing cationic moieties and they could control the release of ibuprofen by the electrostatic interaction at the interface of organogel and skin. The steady state flux of skin permeation got low values from 55.2 ± 0.8 to 11.6 ± 2.0 μg/cm2, when the cationic moieties were increased. Moreover, the chemical network of PS gel swollen in limonene showed high mechanical stability illustrated by elastic modulus (G’) of about 98 kPa for 10% cross-linked PS gel. The developed PS gels swollen in limonene show highly promising results, suggesting their possible application in TDD.

Epitaxial Growth in Dislocation-Free Strained Alloy Films

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Feng Huang ◽  
Rashmi C. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Misfit Strain ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Alloy Films ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Results

AbstractThe morphological and compositional instabilities in the heteroepitaxial strained alloy films have attracted intense interest from both experimentalists and theorists. To understand the mechanisms and properties for the generation of instabilities, we have developed a nonequilibrium, continuum model for the dislocation-free and coherent film systems. The early evolution processes of surface pro.les for both growing and postdeposition (non-growing) thin alloy films are studied through a linear stability analysis. We consider the coupling between top surface of the film and the underlying bulk, as well as the combination and interplay of different elastic effects. These e.ects are caused by filmsubstrate lattice misfit, composition dependence of film lattice constant (compositional stress), and composition dependence of both Young's and shear elastic moduli. The interplay of these factors as well as the growth temperature and deposition rate leads to rich and complicated stability results. For both the growing.lm and non-growing alloy free surface, we determine the stability conditions and diagrams for the system. These show the joint stability or instability for film morphology and compositional pro.les, as well as the asymmetry between tensile and compressive layers. The kinetic critical thickness for the onset of instability during.lm growth is also calculated, and its scaling behavior with respect to misfit strain and deposition rate determined. Our results have implications for real alloy growth systems such as SiGe and InGaAs, which agree with qualitative trends seen in recent experimental observations.

scholarly journals The traditional experience strategy (TES) and combined ultrasonography examination (CUE) for the treatment of lateral compression type 1 pelvic fractures: a historical control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Huang ◽  
Bin-Fei Zhang ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Hong-Li Deng ◽  
Peng-Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Lateral Compression ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Conservative Group ◽  
Medical Records System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function ◽  
Compression Type

Abstract Background It is difficult to judge the stability of lateral compression type-1 (LC-1) pelvic fracture, as it is often based on static images of the pelvis. Compared with the traditional experience strategy, ultrasonography examination may be able to distinguish operative and conservative patients before definitive treatment. However, in previous studies, we have not compared the outcomes between traditional experience strategy (TES group) and combined ultrasonography examination (CUE group). Thus, the aim of the study is comparing the differences between TES and CUE strategy, to identify the value of ultrasonography examination. Methods Medical records system for patients with LC-1 pelvic fractures who were treated with TES and CUE strategy were included. Patients’ baseline characteristics, treatment strategy, and function were recorded at follow-up. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Majeed grading system. Results In total, 77 patients with LC-1 pelvic fractures were included in the study. There were 42 and 35 patients in TES and CUE group, respectively. Compared to TES group (69 %), there were less proportion patients chosen the operative treatment in CUE group (43 %, P = 0.021). The volume of intraoperative blood loss in CUE operative group was more than TES operative group (P = 0.037). There were more patients with complete sacral fracture in CUE operative group than TES operative group (P = 0.002). The Majeed scores in CUE conservative group was higher than TES conservative group (P = 0.008). The overall Majeed scores in CUE group was higher than that in TES group (P = 0.039). Conclusions The ultrasonography examination could relatively accurately identify the unstable LC-1 pelvis than the traditional experience strategy, the operative rate could be reduced and the overall function of LC-1 patients could be improved under the ultrasonography examination. Level of evidence Level III.

scholarly journals Quiescent Gap Solitons in Coupled Nonuniform Bragg Gratings with Cubic-Quintic Nonlinearity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4833
Author(s):  
Afroja Akter ◽  
Md. Jahedul Islam ◽  
Javid Atai
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Stability ◽  
Bragg Gratings ◽  
Stability Boundaries ◽  
Quintic Nonlinearity ◽  
Numerical Stability Analysis ◽  
Gap Solitons ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dual Core

We study the stability characteristics of zero-velocity gap solitons in dual-core Bragg gratings with cubic-quintic nonlinearity and dispersive reflectivity. The model supports two disjointed families of gap solitons (Type 1 and Type 2). Additionally, asymmetric and symmetric solitons exist in both Type 1 and Type 2 families. A comprehensive numerical stability analysis is performed to analyze the stability of solitons. It is found that dispersive reflectivity improves the stability of both types of solitons. Nontrivial stability boundaries have been identified within the bandgap for each family of solitons. The effects and interplay of dispersive reflectivity and the coupling coefficient on the stability regions are also analyzed.

Transdermal Delivery of Metoprolol II: In-Vitro Skin Permeation and Bioavailability in Hairless Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapash K. Ghosh ◽  
Joseph Adir ◽  
Si‐Ling Xiang ◽  
Samuel Onyilofur
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
In Vitro Skin Permeation

scholarly journals Analysis of dengue model with fractal-fractional Caputo–Fabrizio operator

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatmawati ◽  
Muhammad Altaf Khan ◽  
Cicik Alfiniyah ◽  
Ebraheem Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Fractional Operator ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Reduction Number ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Graphical Illustration ◽  
Stability Results

AbstractIn this work, we study the dengue dynamics with fractal-factional Caputo–Fabrizio operator. We employ real statistical data of dengue infection cases of East Java, Indonesia, from 2018 and parameterize the dengue model. The estimated basic reduction number for this dataset is $\mathcal{R}_{0}\approx2.2020$ R 0 ≈ 2.2020 . We briefly show the stability results of the model for the case when the basic reproduction number is $\mathcal{R}_{0} <1$ R 0 < 1 . We apply the fractal-fractional operator in the framework of Caputo–Fabrizio to the model and present its numerical solution by using a novel approach. The parameter values estimated for the model are used to compare with fractal-fractional operator, and we suggest that the fractal-fractional operator provides the best fitting for real cases of dengue infection when varying the values of both operators’ orders. We suggest some more graphical illustration for the model variables with various orders of fractal and fractional.

scholarly journals Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Pranoprofen Using a Thermo-Reversible Hydrogel Loaded with Lipid Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Local Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
María Rincón ◽  
Marcelle Silva-Abreu ◽  
Lupe Carolina Espinoza ◽  
Lilian Sosa ◽  
Ana Cristina Calpena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Local Skin

A biocompatible topical thermo-reversible hydrogel containing Pranoprofen (PF)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was studied as an innovative strategy for the topical treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. The PF-NLCs-F127 hydrogel was characterized physiochemically and short-time stability tests were carried out over 60 days. In vitro release and ex vivo human skin permeation studies were carried out in Franz diffusion cells. In addition, a cytotoxicity assay was studied using the HaCat cell line and in vivo tolerance study was performed in humans by evaluating the biomechanical properties. The anti-inflammatory effect of the PF-NLCs-F127 was evaluated in adult male Sprague Daw-ley® rats using a model of inflammation induced by the topical application of xylol for 1 h. The developed PF-NLCs-F127 exhibited a heterogeneous structure with spherical PF-NLCs in the hydrogel. Furthermore, a thermo-reversible behaviour was determined with a gelling temperature of 32.5 °C, being close to human cutaneous temperature and thus favouring the retention of PF. Furthermore, in the ex vivo study, the amount of PF retained and detected in human skin was high and no systemic effects were observed. The hydrogel was found to be non-cytotoxic, showing cell viability of around 95%. The PF-NLCs-F127 is shown to be well tolerated and no signs of irritancy or alterations of the skin’s biophysical properties were detected. The topical application of PF-NLCs-F127 hydrogel was shown to be efficient in an inflammatory animal model, preventing the loss of stratum corneum and reducing the presence of leukocyte infiltration. The results from this study confirm that the developed hydrogel is a suitable drug delivery carrier for the transdermal delivery of PF, improving its dermal retention, opening the possibility of using it as a promising candidate and safer alternative to topical treatment for local skin inflammation and indicating that it could be useful in the clinical environment.

scholarly journals Boundary Stabilization of a Semilinear Wave Equation with Variable Coefficients under the Time-Varying and Nonlinear Feedback

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Gong ◽  
Xiaopeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Riemannian Geometry ◽  
Nonlinear Term ◽  
Variable Coefficients ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Nonlinear Feedback ◽  
Boundary Stabilization ◽  
Semilinear Wave Equation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Results

We study the boundary stabilization of a semilinear wave equation with variable coefficients under the time-varying and nonlinear feedback. By the Riemannian geometry methods, we obtain the stability results of the system under suitable assumptions of the bound of the time-varying term and the nonlinearity of the nonlinear term.

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