scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Dermal and Transdermal Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Amani Zoabi ◽  
Elka Touitou ◽  
Katherine Margulis
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Stability

The stratum corneum, the most superficial layer of the skin, protects the body against environmental hazards and presents a highly selective barrier for the passage of drugs and cosmetic products deeper into the skin and across the skin. Nanomaterials can effectively increase the permeation of active molecules across the stratum corneum and enable their penetration into deeper skin layers, often by interacting with the skin and creating the distinct sites with elevated local concentration, acting as reservoirs. The flux of the molecules from these reservoirs can be either limited to the underlying skin layers (for topical drug and cosmeceutical delivery) or extended across all the sublayers of the epidermis to the blood vessels of the dermis (for transdermal delivery). The type of the nanocarrier and the physicochemical nature of the active substance are among the factors that determine the final skin permeation pattern and the stability of the penetrant in the cutaneous environment. The most widely employed types of nanomaterials for dermal and transdermal applications include solid lipid nanoparticles, nanovesicular carriers, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles. The recent advances in the area of nanomaterial-assisted dermal and transdermal delivery are highlighted in this review.

Development of Microemulsions Containing Carthamus tinctorius Extract for 5α-Reductase Inhibition

2019 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Sitthiphong Soradech ◽  
Khaunnapa Panapong ◽  
Surada Soonthornsatitwong ◽  
Somkamol Manchun ◽  
Sirinan Tubtimted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Permeation Rate ◽  
Du145 Cells ◽  
Thai Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Results

The purpose of this study was to develop micromeulsion consisting of Carthamus tinctorius floret extract (CT) as an ingredient to inhibit 5α-reductase activity. CT was extracted using a simple maceration technique with ethanol and inhibition of 5α-reductase activities was determined. Solutions of 2% CT extract were loaded into four microemulsion (ME) formulas (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and investigated for their physical properties, skin permeation and stability. Results showed that crude CT extract had no toxic effects on DU145 cells at concentrations of 0.0001-1.0 mg/mL. For reduction of 5α-reductase activities, concentration of CT extract at 0.05 mg/mL exhibited highest 5-reductase type-1 inhibition activity on the DU-145 cell line at 89.96% of the control, higher than standard finasteride (31.39%) and dutasteride (38.58%). The results indicated that a thermodynamically stable microemulsion improved the stability and permeation rate of CT extract. Among the ME formula, F3 was most appropriate for ME formulation with highest permeation rate and good stability during 30 days of storage. Therefore, using nanotechnology for stable transdermal delivery systems of bioactive compounds from Thai medicinal plants is one approach to improve skin and hair follicle permeation.

scholarly journals NANOVECTORS FOR TRANSDERMAL ADMINISTRATION: WHERE ARE WE?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cilurzo ◽  
Silvia Franzé ◽  
Umberto M Musazzi
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Penetration Enhancers ◽  
Lipid Matrix ◽  
Transdermal Administration ◽  
Dermal Administration ◽  
Exogenous Substances

The skin is the most important barrier of human body to prevent the absorption of exogenous substances. Its ability to limit the absorption of exogenous substances is exercised by the most superficial layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, which consists of about 15-20 layers of corneocytes supported by keratin fibres. The extracellular spaces are filled with a very dense lipid matrix organized in periodic lamellae, whereas the interlamellar spaces are constituted by a more fluid lipid matrix. In addition, where the corneocytes are not perfectly overlapped, pores with a higher water content are created. This complex organization allows only the passive diffusion of small molecules with peculiar chemical-physical properties. In all the other cases, it is necessary to improve the transdermal absorption of drugs using techniques able to alter reversibly the functionality of the stratum corneum, such as chemical skin penetration enhancers, iontophoresis or sonophoresis. In the era of nanotechnology, an intense effort has been made to design nanocarriers able to permeate the skin (e.g., polymeric nanoparticles, metal or solid-lipid, micro- and nanoemulsions, lipid vesicles). Nevertheless, the results are contradictory and there is scepticism in the scientific community about the real benefits of these systems compared to other traditional approaches. In fact, assuming the stratum corneum as a nanoporous membrane with openings of about 20-40 nm, the size of most of the nanocarriers is too big for permitting theoretically the skin penetration and diffusion. However, despite this consideration, on the market there are some medicinal products consisting of lipid vesicles. Starting from the critical analysis of the published information on possible permeation mechanisms of different types of nanocarriers, this review outlines lights and shadows on the (trans-)dermal administration of these drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals Hair Care Cosmetics: From Traditional Shampoo to Solid Clay and Herbal Shampoo, A Review

Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gubitosa ◽  
Vito Rizzi ◽  
Paola Fini ◽  
Pinalysa Cosma
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Indicator ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Cosmetic Product ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Hair Care ◽  
Synthetic Surfactants

Hair is an important part of the body appeal and its look is a health indicator. Accordingly, recent advances in hair science and hair care technologies have been reported in literature claiming innovations and strategies for hair treatments and cosmetic products. The treatment of hair and scalp, primarily, involved the use of shampoo for an effective, but gentle cleansing; however, for years, the shampoo is considered not only as a cosmetic product having the purifying purpose, but it is also responsible for maintaining the health and the beauty of hair, imparting gloss and improving manageability. For meeting the needs of a multitasking formulation, following also the recent marketing-trend addressed to the "natural world", new challenges for cosmetic technology are aimed towards the research of natural ingredients, as well as new techniques for shampoo formulation. Regarding the recent development of solid shampoos, little information is available about their use, formulation and advantages. This review is largely focused on the description of solid shampoos, mainly based on the use of clays, herbs or flours as washing bases alternative to the traditional ones, consisting of a combination of synthetic surfactants, together with other usual ingredients expected in a shampoo formulation.

scholarly journals Cationic Moieties in Polystyrene Gels Swollen with d-Limonene Improved Transdermal Delivery System

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeyarad Charoensumran ◽  
Hiroharu Ajiro
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Steady State Flux ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Polystyrene Gel ◽  
Permeation Properties ◽  
High Mechanical Stability

d-limonene, a terpene and natural compound, has been found to be an excellent penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery (TDD). It hence has been incorporated within various transdermal formulations. Herein, we report the application of polystyrene gel swollen with d-limonene and its derivatives for TDD. Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS gel), poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-4VP) gel and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-(vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (PS-VBAC gel) were employed as chemical gels to improve the stability of the TDD substrates. The drug permeation properties from the PS gels swollen in limonene were examined, regarding the effect of its network density as well as their rheological properties. The lowest density of the network showed the highest steady flux of the permeation at 43.7 ± 0.3 μg/cm2. FT-IR spectra were confirmed for PS-4VP and PS-VBAC, bearing cationic moieties and they could control the release of ibuprofen by the electrostatic interaction at the interface of organogel and skin. The steady state flux of skin permeation got low values from 55.2 ± 0.8 to 11.6 ± 2.0 μg/cm2, when the cationic moieties were increased. Moreover, the chemical network of PS gel swollen in limonene showed high mechanical stability illustrated by elastic modulus (G’) of about 98 kPa for 10% cross-linked PS gel. The developed PS gels swollen in limonene show highly promising results, suggesting their possible application in TDD.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF THYROSINASE INHIBITORS FROM Artocarpus heterophyllus LEAVES AS ALTERNATE FOR MERCURY IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS IN THE FORM OF HALAL AND THOYYIB GEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Inggrit Tyautari ◽  
Ikhlasotul Fawaidah ◽  
Ika Isnayanti
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitor ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
The Impact

Along with the times there is an increasing need from various fields including cosmetics. The use of cosmetics among the public is used to maintain healthy skin, beautify and maintain appearance. This increased demand for cosmetics has led to industrial competition so that there are many producers who take advantage of using a mixture of harmful substances in the manufacture of cosmetics. Mercury is a toxic cosmetic ingredient which has been widely circulating in the market. The impact of using mercury includes allergies, poisoning, and damage. The halalness of a product is an important thing in the life of a Muslim, the requirements for a cosmetics are said to be halal based on the origin of the constituent ingredients, processing and the process of obtaining them, while for cosmetic safety it is based on the function and impact it causes. The importance of monitoring halal cosmetic products is not only the role of the government, but also from the producers and consumers who are wise in the use and manufacture of cosmetics. Overcoming this problem is by making cosmetics from natural ingredients in the form of jackfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus hetetophyllus) as a substitute for the use of mercury by inhibiting the formation of tyrosine which produces melanin pigment which makes skin dark. This paper uses a maceration method in extracting young jackfruit leaves, then testing the phytochemicals on the leaf extract, which contains tyrosinase inhibitors which are classified as polyphenols. Furthermore, the preparation of cosmetic gel preparations was carried out, then the stability test was carried out including the organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test, and homogeneity test to determine the reactivity of the prepared gel which could later be mass produced. The gel making with the active compound tyrosinase inhibitor from jackfruit leaves fulfills the requirements of halal cosmetics and thoyyib is shown by not using haram and dangerous substances through the action of a tyrosinase inhibitor in the form of acetocarpanone which has no side effect on the body because it is obtained from natural ingredients.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL RICE WITH SEAWEED Eucheuma cottonii ADDITION AS A DIETARY FIBER SOURCE

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Prodiana Setiawati ◽  
Joko Santoso ◽  
Sri Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Extrusion Technology ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

The utilization of local food commodities such as corn and cassava with seaweed addition as a dietary fiber source for producing artificial rice through extrusion technology is an  alternative for food diversification. The research was carried out to find out the best composition (rice, corn, cassava, and seaweed) and temperature of extrusion process on making artificial rice and the influence of dietary fibre on sensory properties and physicochemical. The composition of rice, corn, and cassava in proportion  of 1:3:1 with 20% seaweed, Eucheuma cottonii, addition and temperature extruder of 90 °C were selected as the best product for artificial rice. The  sensory evaluation was 8.02±0.21 (people’s preference). In physicochemical properties, dietary fiber significantly affected on low bulk density and starch digestibility. This condition is very good for health especially in maintaining the stability of blood glucose in the body. Keywords: artificial rice, composition, extrusion, seaweed, dietary fibre, temperature

Substantiation the machine with a basket for the application of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials with the upper arrangement of the feeding device

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Fesenko, H.
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Analytical Mechanics ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stable Flow

Purpose. Increasing the uniformity of distribution of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials due to the stability of their feed from the body to the spreading working bodies using the top feeder. Methods. The following methods are used to achieve this aim: the method of comparing the differences between individual groups of fertilizers, the method of analyzing the properties of a new technical system, the method of functional inventiveness, and the methods of theoretical and analytical mechanics. Results. The traction body of the conveyor of the upper feed of the body fat body machine for mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials was substantiated and the relationship between the height of its scrapers and the distance between them was established, as well as the nature of the mineral fertilizer pressure on the curvilinear wall of the body. In addition, the design of the advanced body fertilizer spreader is justified, which ensures a stable flow of fertilizers from the body due to the improvement of the top feeder. Conclusions. Because of the conducted researches, the advantages of machines equipped with top feeder are found. They create the conditions for the forced feeding mineral fertilizers and other loose materials from the container to the distribution bodies, which is a prerequisite for their evenness on the surface. With this, the imperfection of known machines with the top feeder constrains their introduction into agricultural production. On this account, a more thoroughly constructed solution of the body feeder of the top feed is substantiated, in which the conveyor provides a stable supply of fertilizers from the body with reduced energy consumption during operation. Keywords: analysis, feed, upper device, conveyor, stability, fertilizers, flow ability, body.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document