Comparison of Laser Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles in Form of Microdroplets of Nanoink and Dry Nanoparticles Obtained in a Gas Discharge

2020 ◽  
Vol 834 ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Arsenov ◽  
Alexey A. Efimov ◽  
Kirill M. Khabarov ◽  
Denis V. Kornyushin ◽  
Victor V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Gas Discharge ◽  
Bulk Silver ◽  
Aerosol Printing ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing

This article presents a comparison of laser sintering of deposited nanoparticles obtained by two methods of aerosol jet printing. The first printing method was based on the use of silver nanoparticles in the form of microdroplets contained in nanoink. In the second method, dry nanoparticles were obtained as a result of gas-discharge synthesis without the use of solvents. The nanoparticles in both experiments were deposited on a glass substrate in the form of a line with a width of about 50 ± 5 μm and a height of about 1.0 ± 0.2 μm. Then, the obtained lines were sintered using laser radiation with a wavelength of 1064 nm. As a result of experiments on the deposition and sintering, it was found that the electrical resistivity of the lines of sintered nanoparticles in the form of nanoink and dry nanoparticles obtained in a gas discharge was 8.1 and 4.9 μΩ·cm, respectively. Thus, it has been demonstrated that laser sintering of nanoparticles obtained in a gas discharge makes it possible to achieve a lower specific resistance of lines than the method of aerosol printing using nanoink. In addition, the electrical resistivity of the lines of sintered nanoparticles obtained in a gas discharge is 3 times greater than the electrical resistivity of bulk silver, which is a sufficient result for the creation of conductive elements of printed electronics.

scholarly journals Highly conductive electronics circuits from aerosol jet printed silver inks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Skarżyński ◽  
Jakub Krzemiński ◽  
Małgorzata Jakubowska ◽  
Marcin Słoma
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Printed Patterns ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing

AbstractRecently, low-cost electronics printed on lightweight, flexible and 3D shaped substrates are gaining importance in the markets of wearables and smart packaging. However, printed electronics do not meet the electrical performance of subtractive techniques because the resistivity of metallic printed patterns is still much higher than that of bulk material. To fulfil this need, low-resistive and easy printable inks for high resolution printed electronics techniques are needed. In this work, parameters of silver nanoparticles ink for micro-scale printed electronics technique, Aerosol Jet Printing, are being enhanced. To increase electrical conductivity and enhance printability, surfactants and dispersing agents were used to increase ultrasonic atomisation efficiency, obtain a uniform structure of printed lines, and narrow the width of printed patterns. Electrical measurements show a decrease in resistivity value in samples enhanced by cationic and non-ionic surfactants, by 95%, compared to initially prepared inks. Surfactant additions to silver nanoparticles Aerosol Jet Printing ink show promising features for application in modern electronics.

scholarly journals Aerosol Jet Printing of Silver Lines with A High Aspect Ratio on A Heated Silicon Substrate

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Efimov ◽  
Pavel Arsenov ◽  
Denis Kornyushin ◽  
Anna Lizunova ◽  
Ivan Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Silicon Substrate ◽  
Silver Films ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing

In this work, we studied the formation of conductive silver lines with high aspect ratios (AR = thickness/width) > 0.1 using the modernized method of aerosol jet printing on a heated silicon substrate. The geometric (AR) and electrical (resistivity) parameters of the formed lines were investigated depending on the number of printing layers (1–10 layers) and the temperature of the substrate (25–300 °C). The AR of the lines increased as the number of printing layers and the temperature of the substrate increased. An increase in the AR of the lines with increasing substrate temperature was associated with a decrease in the ink spreading as a result of an increase in the rate of evaporation of nano-ink. Moreover, with an increase in the substrate temperature of more than 200 °C, a significant increase in the porosity of the formed lines was observed, and as a result, the electrical resistivity of the lines increased significantly. Taking into account the revealed regularities, it was demonstrated that the formation of silver lines with a high AR > 0.1 and a low electrical resistivity of 2–3 μΩ∙cm is advisable to be carried out at a substrate temperature of about 100 °C. The adhesion strength of silver films formed on a heated silicon substrate is 2.8 ± 0.9 N/mm2, which further confirms the suitability of the investigated method of aerosol jet printing for electronic applications.

Quality Modeling of Printed Electronics in Aerosol Jet Printing Based on Microscopic Images

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyue Sun ◽  
Kan Wang ◽  
Yifu Li ◽  
Chuck Zhang ◽  
Ran Jin
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a direct write technology that enables fabrication of flexible, fine scale printed electronics on conformal substrates. AJP does not require the time consuming mask and postpatterning processes compared with traditional electronics manufacturing techniques. Thus, the cycle time can be dramatically reduced, and highly personalized designs of electronics can be realized. AJP has been successfully applied to a variety of industries, with different combinations of inks and substrates. However, the quality of the printed electronics, such as resistance, is not able to be measured online. On the other hand, the microscopic image sensors are widely used for printed circuit boards (PCBs) quality quantification and inspection. In this paper, two widely used quality variables of printed electronics, resistance and overspray, will be jointly modeled based on microscopic images for fast quality assessment. Augmented quantitative and qualitative (AUGQQ) models are proposed to use features of microscopic images taken at different locations on the printed electronics as input variables, and resistance and overspray as output variables. The association of resistance and overspray can be investigated through the AUGQQ models formulation. A case study for fabricating silver lines with Optomec® aerosol jet system is used to evaluate the model performance. The proposed AUGQQ models can help assess the printed electronics quality and identify important image features in a timely manner.

scholarly journals Printed Smart Devices on Cellulose-Based Materials by means of Aerosol-Jet Printing and Photonic Curing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serpelloni ◽  
Edoardo Cantù ◽  
Michela Borghetti ◽  
Emilio Sardini
Keyword(s):  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Chromatographic Paper ◽  
Cellulose Substrates ◽  
Photonic Curing ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing

Printed electronics is an expanding research field that can reach the goal of reducing the environmental impact on electronics exploiting renewable and biodegradable materials, like paper. In our work, we designed and tested a new method for fabricating hybrid smart devices on cellulose substrates by aerosol jet printing (AJP) and photonic curing, also known as flash lamp annealing (FLA), capable to cure low temperature materials without any damage. Three different cellulose-based materials (chromatographic paper, photopaper, cardboard) were tested. Multilayer capability and SMDs (surface mount devices) interconnections are possible permitting high flexibility in the fabrication process. Electrical and geometrical tests were performed to analyze the behavior of printed samples. Resulted resistivities are 26.3 × 10−8 Ω⋅m on chromatographic paper, 22.3 × 10−8 Ω⋅m on photopaper and 13.1 × 10−8 Ω⋅m on cardboard. Profilometer and optical microscope evaluations were performed to state deposition quality and penetration of the ink in cellulose materials (thicknesses equal to 24.9, 28.5, and 51 μm respectively for chromatographic paper, photopaper, and cardboard). Furthermore, bending (only chromatographic paper did not reach the break-up) and damp environment tests (no significant variations in resistance) where performed. A final prototype of a complete functioning multilayer smart devices on cellulose 3D-substrate is shown, characterized by multilayers, capacitive sensors, SMDs interconnections.

scholarly journals The Influence of Laser Sintering Modes on the Conductivity and Microstructure of Silver Nanoparticle Arrays Formed by Dry Aerosol Printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Khabarov ◽  
Denis Kornyushin ◽  
Bulat Masnaviev ◽  
Dmitry Tuzhilin ◽  
Dmitry Saprykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Nanoparticle Arrays ◽  
Bulk Silver ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Cross Section Profile ◽  
Profile Area

The demand for the development of local laser sintering of nanoparticle arrays is explained by the expanding needs for printed electronics for functional microstructure formation, on heat-sensitive substrates in particular. This work is based on the research into the sintering of arrays of silver nanoparticles synthesized in a spark discharge and deposited on a substrate by focused aerosol flow. The sintering was done by continuous and pulsed lasers with wavelengths 527, 980 and 1054 nm. Sintered samples were studied by measuring the resistivity, cross-section profile area and microstructure features. The highest average conductivity, equal to the half of the bulk silver conductivity, was achieved when sintering by continuous radiation with a wavelength 980 nm. The results showed that when using pulsed radiation the direct heating of nanoparticles in the sample surface layer dominates with the formation of a pore-free conductive layer of around 0.5 μm thick and crystallite of 70–80 nm size. It was found that laser sintering by radiation with a wavelength 527 nm required an order of magnitude lower specific energy costs as compared to the longwave laser radiation. The high energy efficiency of laser sintering is explained by special conditions for radiation absorption at plasmon resonance.

scholarly journals Platinum Based Nanoparticles Produced by a Pulsed Spark Discharge as a Promising Material for Gas Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Volkov ◽  
Nikolay P. Simonenko ◽  
Alexey A. Efimov ◽  
Tatiana L. Simonenko ◽  
Ivan S. Vlasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Polycrystalline Material ◽  
Platinum Oxide ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Maximum Production Rate ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing ◽  
Pulsed Spark Discharge

We have applied spark ablation technology for producing nanoparticles from platinum ingots (purity of 99.97 wt. %) as a feed material by using air as a carrier gas. A maximum production rate of about 400 mg/h was achieved with an energy per pulse of 0.5 J and a pulse repetition rate of 250 Hz. The synthesized nanomaterial, composed of an amorphous platinum oxide PtO (83 wt. %) and a crystalline metallic platinum (17 wt. %), was used for formulating functional colloidal ink. Annealing of the deposited ink at 750 °C resulted in the formation of a polycrystalline material comprising 99.7 wt. % of platinum. To demonstrate the possibility of application of the formulated ink in printed electronics, we have patterned conductive lines and microheaters on alumina substrates and 20 μm thick low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) membranes with the use of aerosol jet printing technology. The power consumption of microheaters fabricated on LTCC membranes was found to be about 140 mW at a temperature of the hot part of 500 °C, thus allowing one to consider these structures as promising micro-hotplates for metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors. The catalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was demonstrated by measuring the resistance transients of the non-sintered microheaters upon exposure to 2500 ppm of hydrogen.

Temperature Cycling Study of Aerosol-Jet Printed Conductive Silver Traces in Printed Electronics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beihan Zhao ◽  
Christopher Riso ◽  
David Leslie ◽  
Abhijit Dasgupta ◽  
Siddhartha Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Early Failures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Component Manufacturing ◽  
Reliability Of Electronics ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing ◽  
Stress Raisers

Abstract Aerosol-Jet Printing (AJP) provides a new method for electronic component manufacturing. Understanding the reliability of electronics printed using the AJP process is essential to take full advantage of this technology and realize its industrial potential. In the current study, we have designed and tested AJP printed samples and conducted failure analysis of those samples that have exhibited early failures. Failures first occurred in the short traces that connect the main traces to the silver pads, due to local stress-raisers caused by local geometric features in the printing geometry. Thermal-Mechanical Finite-Element-Modeling (FEM) has been performed to analyze the cyclic history of thermo-mechanical stress distribution and plastic strain distribution.

scholarly journals Printed Strain Gauge on 3D and Low-Melting Point Plastic Surface by Aerosol Jet Printing and Photonic Curing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Borghetti ◽  
Mauro Serpelloni ◽  
Emilio Sardini
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Plastic Surface ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing

Printing sensors and electronics directly on the objects is very attractive for producing smart devices, but it is still a challenge. Indeed, in some applications, the substrate that supports the printed electronics could be non-planar or the thermal curing of the functional inks could damage temperature-sensitive substrates such as plastics, fabric or paper. In this paper, we propose a new method for manufacturing silver-based strain sensors with arbitrary and custom geometries directly on plastic objects with curvilinear surfaces: (1) the silver lines are deposited by aerosol jet printing, which can print on non-planar or 3D surfaces; (2) photonic sintering quickly cures the deposited layer, avoiding the overheating of the substrate. To validate the manufacturing process, we printed strain gauges with conventional geometry on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) conduits. The entire manufacturing process, included sensor wiring and optional encapsulation, is performed at room temperature, compatible with the plastic surface. At the end of the process, the measured thickness of the printed sensor was 8.72 μm on average, the volume resistivity was evaluated 40 μΩ∙cm, and the thermal coefficient resistance was measured 0.150 %/°C. The average resistance was (71 ± 7) Ω and the gauge factor was found to be 2.42 on average.

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