The Strength of Polylactic Acid Composites Reinforced with Sugarcane Bagasse and Rice Husk

There are more than 1000 species of cellulose plants available in fiber form. A number of them are by-products from the major food crops contain lignocellulosic sources and being investigated as composite reinforcement materials. Sugarcane bagasse and rice husk are potential reinforcement materials and they were used to reinforce polylactic acid (PLA) matrix to make green composites. In this research work, sugarcane bagasse was given two different kinds of treatment; some were alkali treated using 8 wt.% NaOH at room temperature for an hour and some other were steam treated at 0.75 MPa for 30 minutes. The fiber content of the composites changed with weight percentage ratios of sugarcane bagasse/rice husk/PLA was 25/0/75, 25/5/70 and 25/10/65. Flexural strength was tested in accordance with ASTM D790-17 and structural evaluation was evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) on the fracture section of the flexural test samples. Composites produced using steam treated sugarcane bagasse and rice husk have lower area density (1277-1385 g/m2) compared to the ones formed using NaOH treated bagasse and rice husk (1162-1500 g/m2). Both values of area density are below the density of neat PP and wood flour reinforced PP/PE composites used as reference materials. The flexural test shows the NaOH treatment on the bagasse fibers improve the flexural strength of the composites but the rice husk content introduced to the structure reduces the strength of the composites. SEM evaluation shows fiber fracture and few pull-out.

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PENGUJIAN KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKUATAN LENTUR KOMPOSIT HIBRID PLASTIK BEKAS KEMASAN GELAS JENIS POLIPROPILENA/ SERBUK KAYU KELAPA TERMODIFIKASI/SERBUK SERAT KACA TIPE E

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v4i3.1473 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Silvia ◽

Castiqliana ◽

Halimatuddahliana

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Tensile Test ◽

Hybrid Composite ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Flexural Test ◽

Mixing Method ◽

Composite Modification

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of modified coconut wood flour and maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition in tensile strength and flexural strength of hybrid composite. Modification of coconut wood flour was also done to reduce the polarity. The hybrid composites were prepared by mixing method into an extruder. Glass Fiber Flour and maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene composition were made constant at 10 wt.% and 2 wt.% respectively and modified coconut wood flour composition was varied from 10 - 40 wt.%. Tensile test and flexural test were done. The results showed that addition of 20 wt.% modified coconut wood flour had given maximum tensile strength of 24,1 MPa and addition of 30 wt.% modified coconut wood flour had given maximum flexural strength of 31,2 MPa also inclination of both tensile and flexural strength of hybrid composite using maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene.

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Evaluasi Pembuatan Prototype Package Tray Biokomposit Serat Tebu- Polypropylene untuk Kebutuhan Interior Mobil

Jurnal Teknik Mesin ◽

10.9744/jtm.17.2.42-47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 42-47

Author(s):

Patrik Permana Putra Wijaya ◽

Juliana Anggono

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Property ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Interfacial Region ◽

Flexural Test ◽

The Matrix ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Strong Material

Natural fibers used in the fabrication of biocomposite product can support the need of the industries for lightweight yet strong material. Sugarcane bagasse is one of the available natural fibers in Indonesia. There have been some research done on these bagasse fibers as reinforcement materials for plastics and their incorporation to the matrix has improved its strength. This research aimed to evaluate the fabrication of a car package tray prototype. The composition and the bagasse were prepared in accordance with the previous research in which the bagasse were alkali treated using NaOH solution of 8 wt% for one hour at room temperature. The hotpressed prototype was evaluated by its physical outlook and the mechanical property of its preform. The flexural test shows a low flexural strength of the prototype (7.4 MPa) compared to the required strength of the current material (woodboard) used by the industry (35.58 MPa). The evaluation shows the clustering of bagasse fibers, uneven distribution of sugarcane/PP in the structure and low adhesion at the interfacial region between bagasse fibers and PP.

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Investigation on Effect of Varying Weight Percentage of Glass Fiber and Filler on the Properties of Glass Fiber-Cement- Polyester Composites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.995.117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 995 ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

Phaneesh Shettigar ◽

Manjunath Shettar ◽

Rao U. Sathish ◽

C.S. Suhas Kowshik ◽

M.C. Gowrishankar

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Tensile Load ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Pull Out ◽

The Matrix ◽

Polyester Composites

In this research, the results of different weight percentage of glass fiber (30, 40 & 50), cement (0, 3 & 6) and polyester resin (70, 60 & 50), on the properties of glass fiber-cement-polyester composites are investigated. The specimens are prepared by hand lay-up technique. All the specimens are tested for tensile and flexural strength as per ASTM standards. Results showed that escalation in glass fiber wt.% improved the tensile strength (by 9% at 40 wt.% and 17% at 50 wt.%) and flexural strength (by 10% at 40 wt.% and 16.5% at 50 wt.%). Whereas an increase in cement weight percentage decreases tensile strength and increases flexural strength. The failure of the sample is due to glass fiber pull out and rupture of the matrix, under tensile load.

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Sustainable Natural Bio Composite for FDM Feedstocks

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.65 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 607 ◽

pp. 65-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Ibrahim ◽

N.S. Badrishah ◽

Nasuha Sa'ude ◽

Mohd Halim Irwan Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Injection Molding Process ◽

Molding Process ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Plastic Composite ◽

Deposition Modeling

This paper presents the development of a new Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) material for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) feedstocks. In this study, a biodegradable polymer matrix (POLYACTIDE, PLA) was mixed with natural wood flour (WF) by Brabender mixer, and the samples produced by injection molding machine. The effect of wood was investigated as a filler material in composite FDM feedstock and the detailed formulations of compounding ratio by weight percentage. Based on results obtained, it was found that, compounding ratio of PLA80%:WF20% has a goods result on the tensile strength and PLA60% : WF40% gave a higher value of flexural strength. An increment of 20% to 40% WF filler affected the flexural strength, and hardness results. The highly filled WF content in PLA composites increases the mechanical properties of PMC material through the injection molding process. The potential of development of a sustainable composite material will be explored as the FDM feedstocks in the rapid prototyping process.

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The Effect of Blending Ratio on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.194 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 554 ◽

pp. 194-198

Author(s):

Abdul Manan Siti Najihah ◽

Zurina Mohamad

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽

Flexural Test ◽

Screw Extruder ◽

Blend Ratio ◽

Twin Screw

The objective of the study is to improve the mechanical properties of Polylactic acid (PLA)/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) blend. The blend was prepared via twin screw extruder and compression molding with different composition. The effect of different blend ratio on the mechanical properties was investigated by Tensile and Flexural test. The mechanical properties of PLA shown an improvement compared to the pure PLA with the incorporation of EVA. The flexural modulus increased with the increased of EVA content, while the tensile and flexural strength also increased when EVA increased. The optimum tensile and flexural strength was at 90PLA/10EVA of blends ratio.

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Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Polycaprolactone (PCL) by Addition of Nano-Montmorillonite (MMT) and Hydroxyapatite (HA)

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.815 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 315 ◽

pp. 815-819 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Reazul Haq Abdul Haq ◽

Wahab Saidin ◽

Uzir Wahit Mat

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Human Body ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Flexural Test ◽

Molding Machine ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Flexural Analysis

For many years, researcher have focused on developing a medical part of human body from polymer as to replace metal. This report described the mechanical characteristic of biodegradable Polycaprolactone (PCL) blend with nanoMontmorillonite (MMT) and Hydroxyapatite (HA). The amount of nanoMMT is varies from 2 to 4 by weight % meanwhile the amount of HA is fixed to 10 by weight percentage (wt %). The addition of nanoMMT and HA filler is to tune and indirectly improve the mechanical properties of PCL. These are proven by carrying out the tensile, and also flexural test for samples which is injected from injection molding machine. Both the tensile and flexural test are conducted using Shimadzu AG-I Unversal Testing Machine with 10kN capacity. From the analysis it is found that overall PCL/MMT/HA composites gives better result in both tensile and flexural analysis compare to PCL/MMT composite. PCL/MMT/HA composite with 2 wt% of MMT and 10 wt% of HA have indicated the highest tensile modulus, meanwhile PCL/MMT/HA composite with 4 wt% MMT and 10 wt% HA have plotted the highest flexural strength and modulus value.

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Evaluation on Mechanical Properties of Coated RHA-TIO2-LM24 Aluminium Alloy Composite

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.38405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 383-393

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Surface Area ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Research Work ◽

Weight Fraction ◽

Particle Spacing ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

The Matrix

Abstract: In the present research work, liquid state technique is employed to prepare the LM4/RHA/TiO2 composites containing four different mass proportion of RHA and TiO2. The weight proportion of reinforcements ie RHA-1,3&5 and TiO2 2,5&6 respectively. Hybrid composite with 3% of RHA and 6% of TiO2 showed the maximum Tensile strength of 298.37 N/mm².It is found that there is 37 % increase of tensile strength while addition of RHA and TiO2 to LM 24.The aluminium based particulate reinforced composite, the dislocations are generated during solutionizing due to thermal mismatch between the matrix and the ceramic reinforcement particles. It can be inferred that the tensile strength increased with an increase in the weight percentage of rice husk ash and TiO2. Because, the RHA particles act as barriers to the dislocations when taking up the load applied. It has been observed that with changing rate of TiO2 compressive quality increments from 478.83 to 653.79 MPa. The increase in compressive strength is mainly due to the decrease in the inter-particle spacing between the particulates since RHA and TiO2 are much harder than LM24. The presence of RHA and TiO2 resists deforming stresses and thus enhancing the compressive strength of the composite material. The maximum hardness value obtained for 5 wt.% of RHA and 6 wt.% of TiO2 .ie.117 BHN. It was observed that the hardness of the composite linearly increasing with the increase in weight fraction of the rice husk ash particles. This occurs due to increases in surface area of the matrix and thus the grain sizes are reduced. The presence of such hard surface area offers more resistance to plastic deformation which leads to increase hardness.. Keywords: LM4/RHA/TiO2, Tensile testing, Compression, Hardness, Rice husk.

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Partial Replacement of Cement Concreete with Biological Green Waste

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.35.29150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.35) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Tolmatti Vamshi Krishna ◽

M. Ashwin Kumar ◽

Kunchala Anjaneyulu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Research Work ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Mineral Admixture ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Acid Attack ◽

Concrete Production

Bagasse ash (BA), the residue obtained after the burning of sugarcane bagasse as a fuel, has pozzolanic properties with potential use as a supplementary binding material (SCM). Use of Bagasse ash (BA) as a mineral admixture needs to be established, especially in India, where sugarcane cultivation is widespread, to reduce land required for its disposal and cement consumption in construction industry. Hence, to encourage commercial use ofBA with minimum processing, an evaluation of the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of a locally available BA and its effect, as SCM on properties of structural concrete was taken up.This research work describes the feasibility of using the Fly Ash (FA) Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash(SCBA) waste in concrete production as a partial replacement of cement. This present work deals with the effect on strength and mechanical properties of concrete using Triple blending of cement concrete using FA, RHA and SCBA instead of cement. The cement has been replaced by rice husk ash, accordingly in the range with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight. Concrete mixture of M20 and M25 and M30, were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive strengths with the Conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for the test results of7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days for Compressive strengths and Tensile & Flexural Strengths at 28 days. The durability aspect of the samples for Acid attack, Alkaline attack and Sulphate attack was also tested. The result indicates that the FA, RHA and SCBA improve the Compressive Strength and durability of concrete.

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Effect of partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash on concrete properties

Pollack Periodica ◽

10.1556/606.2021.00409 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Khawaja Adeel Tariq ◽

Muhammad Sohaib ◽

Mirza Awais Baig

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Research Work ◽

Splitting Tensile Strength ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Concrete Properties

AbstractThis research work is related to the study of effects on properties of concrete having rice husk ash as cementitious supplementary materials. Total four mixes of concrete were done with varying percentages of rice husk as 6%, 12% and 18%. The tensile, flexural and compressive strengths that contain rice husk ash were determined by testing cubes, cylinders and beams. There was a replacement of 6%, 12% and 18% of rice husk ash in all mixes except the control mix. The concrete's flexural strength with rice husk ash increases at the beginning and at the later age (i.e., 28 days) similar to control mix; however, variation in compressive and splitting tensile strength is negligible. The optimum results are achieved with 6% replacement of cement with rice husk ash. Therefore, it was inferred that rice husk ash could be used as partial replacement of cement in concrete to produce economic concrete.

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Fabrication and Experimental Testing of Hybrid Composite Material Having Biodegradable Bagasse Fiber in a Modified Epoxy Resin: Evaluation of Mechanical and Morphological Behavior

Applied Science and Engineering Progress ◽

10.14416/j.asep.2021.06.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vaishally Dogra ◽

Chandra Kishore ◽

Akarsh Verma ◽

Amit Kumar Rana ◽

Amit Gaur

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Experimental Testing ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Research Work ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Bagasse Fiber

Natural fibers such as bagasse, jute, sisal and coir are biodegradable as well as non-toxic in nature, so the use of natural fiber is safe. Bagasse contains about 50% cellulose, 25% hemicellulose, and 25% lignin. The present work has been undertaken to develop a composite using bagasse fiber as reinforcement and to study its mechanical properties, morphology, water absorption capacity and performance. The composites were prepared with different weight percentage of bagasse fiber by hand lay-up method. In the present research work, it can be concluded that with increase in wt.% of bagasse fiber in matrix material the rate of water absorption increases. Ultimate tensile strength, ultimate compressive and flexural strength of the composite are less than the pure epoxy while Young’s modulus is higher for composite. Ultimate tensile, ultimate compressive strength and flexural strength of composite is decreasing at all cross head speed with increase in wt.% of bagasse fiber while flexural strain is increasing. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that for 5 wt.% of bagasse fiber the binding between epoxy and bagasse fiber is better than the 10 and 15 wt.% of bagasse fiber configuration. This was because of the increase in wt.% of bagasse fiber, which results in cavities and improper binding in the composite domain. Thus, as we increase the wt.% of bagasse fiber it causes the decrease in mechanical properties of composite.

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