The Effect of Ethanol Solvent on Characterization of MAPbI3 Perovskite

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malik Abood ◽  
Osama Abdul Azeez Dakhil ◽  
Aref Saleh Baron
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Photovoltaic Technologies ◽  
Perovskite Photovoltaic

Methyl ammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite was synthesized by a new method mixing between one and two steps, in addition, the ethanol solvent was used to dissolve CH3NH3I and compared with isopropanol solvent. The characterizations of synthesized perovskite samples included the structural properties, morphological characteristics and optical properties. The intensity and orientation in X-ray diffraction patterns appear clearly in ethanol solvent while disappearing at a peak at 12o due to the speed reaction of perovskite in this solvent. Additionally, the ethanol solvent increasing the grain size of perovskite which homogeneity of the surface morphology. the ethanol solvent cause a decrease in the wavelength of absorbance edge in addition to an increase in the energy bandgap value. Keywords: Ethanol Solvent, Perovskite, Photovoltaic Technologies, X-ray diffraction.

Synthesis and Luminescent Property of Nanocrystalline Phosphors via Solvothermal Processes

2006 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Yuen Tung ◽  
Shyue-Ming Chang ◽  
Teng-Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Luminescent Property ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phase Purity ◽  
Emulsion Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Poor

AbstractWe have synthesized a series of nanocrysatlline (5±3 nm in diameter) and submicrom ZnS:Ag,Al phosphors with various dopant compositions via a newly developed emulsion method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), EDS, SEM, and TEM were utilized in the characterization of phase purity and microstructure of phosphor particles. Photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were also utilized to characterize the optical properties of blue-emitting phosphor. The CL intensity of submicron ZnS:Ag,Al phosphor was found to be weaker than that of corresponding commercial product, which was attributed to the poor crystallinity and small grain size. In this article we described the synthesis of ZnS:Ag,Al nanophosphor with emphasis on the correlation between spectroscopic features and the microstructure.

scholarly journals Perbaikan Kelarutan Albendazol Melalui Pembentukan Kristal Multikomponen dengan Asam Malat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Fikri Alatas ◽  
Fahmi Abdul Azizsidiq ◽  
Titta Hartyana Sutarna ◽  
Hestyari Ratih ◽  
Sundani Nurono Soewandhi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Solubility ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Solubility Curve ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Phase Solubility Curve

An effort to improve the solubility of albendazole (ABZ), an anthelmintic drug has been successfully carried out through the formation of multicomponent crystal with dl-malic acid (MAL). Construction of phase solubility curve of ABZ in MAL solution and crystal morphological observations after recrystallization in the acetone-ethanol (9:1) mixture were performed for initial prediction of multicomponent crystal formation. ABZ-MAL multicomponent crystal was prepared by wet grinding or also known as solvent-drop grinding (SDG) with acetone-ethanol (9:1) mixture as a solvent followed by characterization of the multicomponent crystal formation by powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) methods. The solubility of ABZ-MAL multicomponent crystal was tested in water at ambient temperature and in pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 of buffered solutions at 37°C. The phase solubility curve of the ABZ in the MAL solution showed type Bs. The ABZ-MAL mixture has a different crystalline morphology than pure ABZ and MAL after recrystallization in the acetone-ethanol mixture (9:1). The powder X-ray diffraction pattern and the FTIR spectrum of ABZ-MAL from SDG different from intact ABZ and MAL powder X-ray diffraction patterns and these results can indicate the ABZ-MAL multicomponent crystal formation. The ABZ-MAL multicomponent crystal has better solubility than pure ABZ in all media used. These results can be concluded that ABZ-MAL multicomponent crystal can be prepared by solvent-drop grinding method with acetone-ethanol (9:1) mixture as a solvent and can increase the solubility of albendazole.

scholarly journals PECHINI SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Eu3+ DOPED ZnCo2O4 SPINELS

2005 ◽  
Vol 03 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
P.M. PIMENTEL ◽  
A.M.G. PEDROSA ◽  
H.K.S. SOUZA ◽  
C.N.S. JÚNIOR ◽  
R.C.A. PINTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Pechini Method ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spinel Oxides ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Pechini Synthesis ◽  
Spinel Structures

Spinel oxides with the composition ZnCo2O4 and ZnCo2O4:Eu3+ have been synthesized by the Pechini method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of n1 and n2 bands, typical of spinel structures. The formation of monophase cubic spinel structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns. Extra lines corresponding to other phase has been observed in the powders calcined at 900 ºC. The results showed the extremely lower synthesis temperature than those presents in conventional methods.

Growth and Characterization of bulk GaN by Ga Vapor Transport

2004 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanikumar Konkapaka ◽  
Huaqiang Wu ◽  
Yuri Makarov ◽  
Michael G. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Spiral Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Bulk Gan ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

ABSTRACTBulk GaN crystals of dimensions 8.5 mm × 8.5 mm were grown at growth rates greater than 200μm/hr using Gallium Vapor Transport technique. GaN powder and Ammonia were used as the precursors for growing bulk GaN. Nitrogen is used as the carrier gas to transport the Ga vapor that was obtained from the decomposition of GaN powder. During the process, the source GaN powder was kept at 1155°C and the seed at 1180°C. Using this process, it was possible to achieve growth rates of above 200 microns/hr. The GaN layers thus obtained were characterized using X-Ray diffraction [XRD], scanning electron microscopy [SEM], and atomic force microscopy [AFM]. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the grown GaN layers are single crystals oriented along c direction. AFM studies indicated that the dominant growth mode was dislocation mediated spiral growth. Electrical and Optical characterization were also performed on these samples. Hall mobility measurements indicated a mobility of 550 cm2/V.s and a carrier concentration of 6.67 × 1018/cm3

An X-ray diffraction study of filters used for atmospheric aerosol sampling

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Santos ◽  
J. R. Matos ◽  
L. R. F. Carvalho ◽  
L. M. Sant’Agostino ◽  
M. Korn
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Aerosol Sampling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Interference ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Artifact Formation ◽  
Thermally Treated

Characterization of some crystalline species present in atmospheric particulate matter can be investigated by an X-ray diffractometric technique. According to the analytical strategy, filtering media suitable for collecting airborne particles must be selected. In order to recognize the X-ray diffraction patterns and consequently the inherent analytical interference of filtering media, a systematic X-ray diffraction evaluation of several substrates was performed. Although artifact formation during ambient sampling can occur on quartz and glass fiber filters, these filters were also included in the diffractometric characterization. In this work, commercial filters were thermally treated and submitted to X-ray diffraction scanning. Results have shown pronounced variations in the diffractometric profiles of each thermally treated substrate. The selection criteria for choosing the filtering media was established by considering their chemical and physical properties and also the crystalline species to be collected on them.

Surface Characterization of Carbon-Bearing Magnetite (CBM) and Carbon-Bearing Ni(II)-Ferrite (CBNF)

1994 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sano ◽  
K. Akanuma ◽  
M. Tsuji ◽  
Y. Tamaura
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractOxygen-deficient magnetite (ODM; Fe3O4-δ, δ>0) synthesized by reduction of magnetite with H2 at 300°C decomposed CO2 to carbon with an efficiency of nearly 100% at 300°C. In this reaction, two oxygen ions of the CO2 were incorporated into the spinel structure of ODM and carbon was deposited on the surface of ODM with zero valence to form visible particles. The particles of carbon separated from ODM were studied by Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray and wave-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies. The carbon which had been deposited on the ODM was found to be a mixture of graphite and amorphous carbon in at least two levels of crystallization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns of the carbon-bearing magnetite (CBM) showed no indication of carbide (Fe3C) or metallic iron (α-Fe) phase formation. In the C 1s XPS spectra of the CBM, no peaks were observed which could be assigned to CO2 or CO. X-ray diffractometry, chemical analysis and TG-MS measurement showed that the carbon-bearing Ni(II)-ferrite (CBNF) (Ni(II)/Fetotal = 0.15) synthesized by the carbon deposition reaction from CO2 with the H2-reduced Ni(II)-ferrite was represented by (Ni0.28Fe2.72O4.00)1-δ (Ni2+06.9Fe2+2.31O3.00)δCτ (δ= 0.27, τ= 0.17). The carbon of the CBNF gave the CIOlayer-like oxide containing some Ni2+ ions.

X-ray Diffraction of Thin Oxide Films on Soldered Module Pins

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
T. Paul Adi ◽  
H. F. Stehmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Films ◽  
Interplanar Distance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Oxide Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Thin Oxide Films ◽  
Thin Oxide ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractThe presence of metal oxide films from wave solder baths on timed module pins are partly responsible for non-wet problems in subsequent soldering steps. The cylindrical geometry of the pins lends itself to the characterization of thin oxide films by using the highly sensitive Debye-Scherrer camera method. As confirmed by Electron Hicroprobe Analysis (EMA), pins containing thin oxide films were used to obtain the diffraction patterns. A software program was developed that subtracts the diffraction angles of an oxids-free control pin from the pattern of the contaminated pin, and tabulates the residual d-spacing (interplanar distance) of the contaminant film.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Inorganic Microporous Beryllophosphates

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yu ◽  
Wenqin Pang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Earth Cation ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Unique Framework ◽  
Exchange Properties

Five new types of microporous beryllophosphates were hydrothermally synthesized using BeO-P2O5-R-MCl (or MCl2)-H2O, R being cyclohexylamine (CHA), pyrrolidine, 1-butylamine or triethylamine, M alkali or alkali earth cation. X-Ray diffraction patterns (XRD), infrared (IR), TG-DT and elemental analysis show that the crystalline beryllophosphates have novel, unique framework structures, composed from basic units of tetrahedral PO4 and BeO4. These materials exhibit zeolite-like adsorption and ion-exchange properties. Factors affecting the product crystallization (as e.g. pH), type of cation and composition of reaction mixture are discussed.

Solvothermal Growth of Flower-Like Morphology from Nanorods of Copper Sulfides

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1523-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poulomi Roy ◽  
Suneel Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Duration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Sulfides ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The present work reports the effect of reaction time on solvothermal synthesis of copper sulfides from CuCl2·2H2O and thiourea with various compositions and morphologies using ethylenediamine as solvent at 120 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns of the products at different durations shows the development of different stoichiometric composition of copper sulfides in where Cu:S ratio increases from 1.39 to 1.79 indicating transformation of Cu39S28 to Cu7S4. As inferred by EDX and XPS studies of the final products. SEM shows the growth of bundles of nanorods of length ≈1 μm and diameter in nanometer range are observed after 6 h. On increasing the reaction duration to 9 h, nanorods tends to combines with each other and growth occurs in six directions and after 12 h leads to the formation of flower-like morphology of copper sulfide. The optical properties of these products also have been studied.

Synthesis and Characterization of Srilankite Nanowires

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1481-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Germain ◽  
Philip Fraundorf ◽  
Sam Lin ◽  
Elena A. Guliants ◽  
Christopher E. Bunker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Superlattice Structure ◽  
Titanate Nanowires ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

We describe the synthesis and characterization of srilankite (Ti2ZrO6) nanowires. The nanowires are produced via hydrothermal synthesis with a TiO2/ZrO2 mixture under alkaline conditions. The zirconium titanate nanowires have median diameters of 60 nm and median lengths of 800 nm with the 〈022〉 axis along the length of the nanowire. Electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and electron diffraction are used to characterize the phases and compare nanowires produced with varying molar ratios of Ti and Zr. Electron diffraction patterns produced from single nanowires show highly crystalline nanowires displaying a compositional-ordering superlattice structure with Zr concentrated in bands within the crystal structure. This is in contrast to naturally occurring bulk srilankite where Zr and Ti are randomly substituted within the crystal lattice. Streaking is observed in the electron diffraction patterns suggesting short-range ordering within the superlattice structure.

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