Solvothermal Growth of Flower-Like Morphology from Nanorods of Copper Sulfides

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1523-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poulomi Roy ◽  
Suneel Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Duration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Sulfides ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The present work reports the effect of reaction time on solvothermal synthesis of copper sulfides from CuCl2·2H2O and thiourea with various compositions and morphologies using ethylenediamine as solvent at 120 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns of the products at different durations shows the development of different stoichiometric composition of copper sulfides in where Cu:S ratio increases from 1.39 to 1.79 indicating transformation of Cu39S28 to Cu7S4. As inferred by EDX and XPS studies of the final products. SEM shows the growth of bundles of nanorods of length ≈1 μm and diameter in nanometer range are observed after 6 h. On increasing the reaction duration to 9 h, nanorods tends to combines with each other and growth occurs in six directions and after 12 h leads to the formation of flower-like morphology of copper sulfide. The optical properties of these products also have been studied.

The Effect of Ethanol Solvent on Characterization of MAPbI3 Perovskite

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malik Abood ◽  
Osama Abdul Azeez Dakhil ◽  
Aref Saleh Baron
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Photovoltaic Technologies ◽  
Perovskite Photovoltaic

Methyl ammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite was synthesized by a new method mixing between one and two steps, in addition, the ethanol solvent was used to dissolve CH3NH3I and compared with isopropanol solvent. The characterizations of synthesized perovskite samples included the structural properties, morphological characteristics and optical properties. The intensity and orientation in X-ray diffraction patterns appear clearly in ethanol solvent while disappearing at a peak at 12o due to the speed reaction of perovskite in this solvent. Additionally, the ethanol solvent increasing the grain size of perovskite which homogeneity of the surface morphology. the ethanol solvent cause a decrease in the wavelength of absorbance edge in addition to an increase in the energy bandgap value. Keywords: Ethanol Solvent, Perovskite, Photovoltaic Technologies, X-ray diffraction.

Solvothermal Synthesis of CuInSe2 Nanostructured Powders: Comparing Open-Air with Applying Internal Imposed Pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 912-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Khanaki ◽  
Hossein Abdizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Golobostanfard
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Chalcopyrite Structure ◽  
Process Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Nanocrystalline CuInSe2 (CIS) powders were synthesized with a simple open-air solvothermal method as well as under conditions of applying internal imposed pressure. No post-treating processes such as annealing or selenization were used in both methods. The synthesis processes involved the reaction of precursors in an autoclave for different process times. Structural, morphological, and opto-electronic properties of CIS powders were compared. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) confirmed the formation of chalcopyrite structure of CIS powders in both approaches at reaction temperature of 220 °C and for short process time. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results show that while CIS powders synthesized under the atmospheric condition are mostly agglomerated, particles have more specific shapes in samples synthesized under internal imposed pressure. Furthermore, the band gap energies of synthesized CIS powders were obtained using diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy (DRS) measurements.

scholarly journals THE ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE OF Al63Cu25Fe12 SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Anastazia Melnik ◽  
Luciano Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Icosahedral Phase ◽  
Quasicrystalline Phase ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ideal Composition ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The present work aimed to characterize the microstructure of the icosahedral phase (quasicrystalline phase-ϕ) of the system with stoichiometric composition of the quasicrystal Al63Cu25Fe12. The ternary alloy with nominal composition of Al63Cu25Fe12 was processed by mechanical alloying (MA) as a viable solid state processing method for producing various metastable and stable quasicrystalline phases. The structural characterization of the obtained samples was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while the elemental composition of the chemical elements Al, Fe and Cu were determined by X-ray spectroscopy technique of dispersive energy (EDS). According to the results of XRD, the diffraction patterns of Al63Cu25Fe12 showed the presence of β-Al(Fe, Cu) and λ-Al13Fe4 phases coexist with the thermodynamic ϕ-phase quasicrystalline. Finally, elemental analysis indicates that during alloy synthesis there is little variation of the ideal composition. The results indicate that alloys with high percentage of icosahedral phase can be obtained by casting in the air.

scholarly journals Influence of Laser Energy and Annealing on Structural and Optical Properties of CdS Films Prepared by Laser Induced Plasma

2020 ◽  
pp. 1307-1312
Author(s):  
Wadaa S. Hussein ◽  
Ala' Fadhil Ahmed ◽  
Kadhim A. Aadim
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The current study was achieved on the effects of laser energy and annealing temperature on x-ray structural and optical properties, such as the UV-Visible spectra of cadmium sulfide (CdS). The films were prepared using pules laser deposition technique (PLD) under vacuum at a pressure of 2.5×10-2 mbar with different laser energies (500-800 mJ) and annealing at a temperature of 473K. X-ray diffraction patterns and intensity curves for the CdS showed that the formation of CdS multi-crystallization films at all laser energies. The optical properties of the films were studied and the variables affecting them were investigated in relation to laser energy and changes in temperature.

scholarly journals Direct refinement of the atomic structure of MoS2layered compounds from PXRD

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C511-C511
Author(s):  
Ivan Bushmarinov ◽  
Alexander Goloveshkin ◽  
Alexandre Golub
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Layered Compounds ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Published Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The graphene analog MoS2can be exfoliated into single-layer dispersion of MoS2crystals by reduction of starting material to LiMoS2followed by detachment of its layers in aqueous solvents. This dispersion reacts with organic salts in solution, producing precipitates of layered MoS2intercalated with their cations [1]. Most of these compounds have distinct chemical composition and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns. The analysis of published data, however, indicates that these diffraction patterns were used only for fingerprinting and estimation of cation size and orientation by checking the positions of the basal (00l) reflections. The low-intensity hkl zone of the diffraction patterns was effectively ignored. In the current work, we report that the diffraction patterns of MoS2intercalation compounds contain enough information to refine their atomic structure directly. We found that the patterns of (NR4)x MoS2(R=alkyl, H) compounds correspond to turbostratic disorder of MoS2-organic layers. The patterns were indexed with a common orthorhombic cell. The cell content was Rietveld refined using a modification of a "supercell approach" [2,3] developed for full-pattern modeling of disordered clays. We determined that the Mo atoms in MoS2layers in the intercalation compounds change the coordination from prismatic to octahedral and that the S atoms form "nanorunnels" containing organic cations. The geometry of the Mo-Mo chains forming in the layer was consistent with the EXAFS data. The ordering of the organic layer depended on the nature of the cation, with (NEt4)x MoS2notably ordered enough to have specific stoichiometric composition (x=1/6) defined by the intralayer packing. The PW-DFT-d calculations based on our model confirmed our results. The developed approach allows determination of previously inaccessible atomic structures of a wide class of MoS2-based layered compounds using commercially available software and laboratory X-ray diffraction data.

scholarly journals Facile Sulfurization under Ambient Condition with Na2S to Fabricate Nanostructured Copper Sulfide

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2317
Author(s):  
Eunseo Hwang ◽  
Yoonsu Park ◽  
Jongbae Kim ◽  
Taejong Paik ◽  
Don-Hyung Ha
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Copper Sulfides ◽  
Nanostructured Copper

The sulfurization reaction was investigated as a promising fabrication method for preparing metal sulfide nanomaterials. Traditional sulfurization processes generally require high vacuum systems, high reaction temperatures, and toxic chemicals, utilizing complicated procedures with poor composition and morphology controllability. Herein, a facile method is reported for synthesizing nanostructured copper sulfide using a sulfurization reaction with Na2S at room temperature under non-vacuum conditions. Moreover, we demonstrate that the morphology, composition, and optical properties of nanostructured copper sulfides could be controlled by the Na2S solution concentration and the reaction time. Nanostructured copper sulfides were synthesized in nanospheres, nanoplates, and nanoplate-based complex morphologies with various oxidation states. Furthermore, by comparing the optical properties of nanostructured copper sulfides with different oxidation states, we determined that reflectivity in the near infrared (NIR) region decreases with increasing oxidation states. These results reveal that the Na2S solution concentration and reaction time are key factors for designing nanostructured copper sulfides, providing new insights for synthesis methods of metal sulfide nanomaterials.

scholarly journals FACILE SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PbO NANOSTRUCTURES

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
R. YOUSEFI ◽  
F. JAMALI-SHEINI ◽  
M. CHERAGHIZADE ◽  
A. SA'AEDI
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Nanoporous Surface ◽  
Lead Sheet

PbO nanostructures were synthesized by the oxidation of lead sheets in a tube furnace under oxygen ambient using different temperatures, from 280 °C to 450 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) indicated the formation of α-PbO nanostructures from the lead sheet with an increase in the temperature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that flake-like shapes were starting to grow on the lead sheet that was placed in the 280 °C. In addition, the SEM studies showed nanoflake and nanoporous morphologies for the lead sheets that were placed at 330 °C and 450 °C, respectively. Raman measurements confirmed the XRD results and indicated two Raman active modes that belonged to the α-PbO phase for the nanoflakes and the nanoporous surface. The optical properties of the products were characterized using a photoluminescence (PL) technique. The PL results for the PbO nanoflakes and nanopores showed a peak in the visible region.

scholarly journals Microstructural, structural and optical properties of nanoparticles of PbO-CrO3 pigment synthesized by a soft route

Cerâmica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (357) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Araújo ◽  
M. R. B. Andreeta ◽  
L. J. Q. Maia ◽  
R. M. Nascimento ◽  
F. V. Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Polymeric Precursor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
Precursor Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Good Agreement

PbCrO4 and Pb2CrO5 particles were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method. Structural and microstructural properties of the particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The diffuse reflectance technique was employed to study the optical properties in the 400-700 nm range. The optical bandgap of the samples was obtained indirectly. Colorimetric coordinates L*, a*, b* were calculated for the pigment powders as a function of the heat treatment (400-700 ºC). The powders displayed colors ranging from green to red. X-ray diffraction patterns showed the presence of monoclinic PbCrO4 phase in green samples, while red powders had a monoclinic Pb2CrO5 phase structure. The Raman spectra of the PbCrO4 and Pb2CrO5 powders were in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The synthesized compounds can be used as green and red pigments with high thermal stability.

scholarly journals Comparison of the efficacy of sulfurization agents in decreasing the sheet resistance of polyamide and polyethylene with copper sulfide layers and influence of their compositions

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigijus Ivanauskas ◽  
Ingrida Ancutienė ◽  
Vitalijus Janickis ◽  
Rūta Stokienė
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Sulfides ◽  
Low X ◽  
Polyethylene Surface

AbstractThe process of obtaining semiconductive and electrical conductive layers of copper sulfides by the sorption — diffusion method on polymers (polyamide 6 and low density polyethylene) using solutions of potassium pentathionate, K2S5O6, and higher polythionic acids, H2Sn O6 (n = 21, 33), was investigated. The layers were characterized for compositional and electrical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and sheet resistance measurements. The thickness of copper sulfides layers on polyamide and polyethylene increased with increasing time of polymer sulfurization and varied from 10 to 43 µm. The variations of the sheet resistance of copper sulfides layers formed on the surface of polymers on sulfurization agent used, the conditions of sulfurization, chemical and phase composition of the obtained layers were established. Sheet resistance of copper sulfides layers decreases with increasing time of the duration of sulfurization and the number of sulfur atoms in the polythionate anion. The sheet resistance values for copper sulfide layers formed on the polyamide surface are much lower than those of Cux S formed on the polyethylene surface. XRD showed the predomination of Cux S phases with low x values.

Formation Pathway of CuInSe2 through Solvothermal Route

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 593-596
Author(s):  
Jian Fei Zhang ◽  
Xiao Li Peng ◽  
Wen Bin Guo ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Yong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Formation Pathway ◽  
Solvothermal Route ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Optimal Reaction

CuInSe2(CIS) is a promising material for thin film solar cell applications. In this work, CIS powders have been synthesized by solvothermal route at different reaction time. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra of the products reveal that the optimal reaction time is 36 h at 200 °C in order to obtain pure CIS phase. SEM images show an irregular morphology of synthesized CIS material. The formation pathway of CIS has also been studied. Cu-Se compounds are formed at the beginning of the reaction, which act as an important intermediate for the formation of CIS products. This result is not consistent with the reported mechanism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document