Preparation and Characterization of (CO3O5, Fe2O3: Sn) Nanocomposite for Sensitize Photoelectrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
Haleemah J. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Electrochemical Parameters

Preparation of nanocomposite ( CO3O5,Fe2O3: Sn ) was chemically held from its raw materials as a first step of this research in order to manufacture photoelectrode , this nanocomposite was deposited on substrate glass using spraying technique and heat treatment by Nd: YAG laser pulse (LPD) . Experiments were conducted to study the surface topography of the nanocompound by (AFM) to determine the roughness of the prepared electrode, In addition, the structure characteristics were studied using the x-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the main phase. The second step of this research was designing a glass electrolysis cell containing our nanoelectrode and producing hydrogen. Finally the electrochemical parameters of the designed cell were studied Key words: nanocomposite (CO3O5,Fe2O3:Sn), Nd: YAG laser pulse (LPD) , Photoelectrodes; atomic force microscope.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CDO-NIO NANOCOMPOSITES USING LASER PULSE DEPOSITION APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Khamees D. MAHMOOD ◽  
Kadhim A. AADIM ◽  
Mohammed G. HAMMED
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Energy Band Gap ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Pulse Deposition ◽  
Deposited Films

In this manuscript, CdO-NiO nanocomposites (in the form of thin film) with particular concentrations are paper using laser pulse deposition technique under the effect of different laser energies (300, 400, 500, and 600 mJ). Furthermore, the structural, morphological, and optical analyses are thoroughly investigated. In particular, well-oriented deposited films are observed by using X-ray diffraction technique, while the morphological properties are investigated using two different techniques namely field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy which have revealed small nanoparticles with approximate diameter of 50 nm and average surface roughness ranging between 6.5 and 20.3 nm for laser energies of 400 and 600 mJ, respectively. Continuously, the optical technique applied which used UV-Vis analysis has showed cut-off phenomenon at around 339 nm. In the meanwhile, the energy band gap for the deposited films was found to be within the range of 2.2 and 2.4 eV, as a result of different laser energies.

Growth and Characterization of bulk GaN by Ga Vapor Transport

2004 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanikumar Konkapaka ◽  
Huaqiang Wu ◽  
Yuri Makarov ◽  
Michael G. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Spiral Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Bulk Gan ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

ABSTRACTBulk GaN crystals of dimensions 8.5 mm × 8.5 mm were grown at growth rates greater than 200μm/hr using Gallium Vapor Transport technique. GaN powder and Ammonia were used as the precursors for growing bulk GaN. Nitrogen is used as the carrier gas to transport the Ga vapor that was obtained from the decomposition of GaN powder. During the process, the source GaN powder was kept at 1155°C and the seed at 1180°C. Using this process, it was possible to achieve growth rates of above 200 microns/hr. The GaN layers thus obtained were characterized using X-Ray diffraction [XRD], scanning electron microscopy [SEM], and atomic force microscopy [AFM]. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the grown GaN layers are single crystals oriented along c direction. AFM studies indicated that the dominant growth mode was dislocation mediated spiral growth. Electrical and Optical characterization were also performed on these samples. Hall mobility measurements indicated a mobility of 550 cm2/V.s and a carrier concentration of 6.67 × 1018/cm3

Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyurethane Adhesives

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Borges Correia ◽  
João C. Bordado
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Stray Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polyurethane Adhesives ◽  
Dimer Acids

Polyurethane adhesives provide excellent flexibility, impact resistance and durability. Polyurethanes are formed through the reaction of an isocyanate component with polyether or polyester polyols or other active hydrogen compounds. This paper refers to polyurethane adhesives made from polyester polyols with long aliphatic chains (up to 36 carbon atoms) and MDI (diphenylmethane-4,4’-diisocyanate). The polyester polyols have been made from dimer acids obtained from renewable sources and short chain diols. The polyols that were used presented different degrees of unsaturation. The influence of the different raw materials in the adhesives performance is studied. The polyurethanes were produced by reaction between quasi-stoichiometric quantities of polyol and MDI, at several temperatures. The reaction was carried under inert atmosphere and at temperatures below 100°C. Performance of the adhesives was tested by carrying adhesion, hardness and water absorption tests. Characterization of both the polyester polyols and polyurethane adhesives was carried by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Magnetic Nuclear Resonance (NMR), X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Scanning RMN Imaging of 1H of Stray- Field b (MRI) and Brookfield viscometry.

Characterization of kaolinite in the hardsetting clay fraction using atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the Rietveld method

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2144-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Valério Prandel ◽  
Nívea Maria Piccolomini Dias ◽  
Sérgio da Costa Saab ◽  
André Maurício Brinatti ◽  
Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Sustainable Nanotechnologies for Curative and Preventive Wood Deacidification Treatments: An Eco-Friendly and Innovative Approach

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Giuliana Taglieri ◽  
Valeria Daniele ◽  
Ludovico Macera ◽  
Ralf Schweins ◽  
Sandro Zorzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Ancient Wood ◽  
First Time

Waterlogged wooden artifacts represent an important historical legacy of our past. They are very fragile, especially due to the severe phenomenon of acidification that may occur in the presence of acid precursors. To date, a satisfactory solution for the deacidification of ancient wood on a large scale has still not been found. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, eco-friendly curative and preventive treatments using nanoparticles (NPs) of earth alkaline hydroxides dispersed in water and produced on a large scale. We present the characterization of the NPs (by X-ray diffraction, atomic-force and electron microscopy, and small-angle neutron scattering), together with the study of the deacidification efficiency of our treatments. We demonstrate that all our treatments are very effective for both curative and preventive aims, able to assure an almost neutral or slightly alkaline pH of the treated woods. Furthermore, the use of water as a solvent paves the way for large-scale and eco-friendly applications which avoid substances that are harmful for the environment and for human health.

Characterization of Portuguese gypsums as raw materials for dermocosmetics

Clay Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Costa ◽  
António Fortes ◽  
Fernando Rocha ◽  
Angela Cerqueira ◽  
Delfim Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
White Cement ◽  
Wet Sieving

AbstractPortuguese gypsum deposits utilized by the cement industry were characterized mineralogically, chemically and technologically for possible application in dermocosmetics. The deposits studied (Loulé, Óbidos and Soure) correspond to small outcrops in diapiric anticline areas. In principle, they represent gypsites which are white, and generally of higher quality for traditional applications (e.g. white cement), or greyish, and generally not adequate for cements and mortars. The analytical methods used to characterize the materials were wet sieving and X-ray sedimentation, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and assessment of abrasiveness, plasticity, texturometrics (adhesivity and firmness), oil absorption and cooling rate. The Óbidos gypsum displayed greater mineralogical and chemical quality (almost pure calcium sulfate) and had a finer grain size (<63 μm), whereas Loulé and Soure gypsums contain mineralogical impurities (mainly quartz). The Óbidos gypsum shows good characteristics in general for application in dermocosmetics because of its absorption, plasticity, adhesivity, firmness and low abrasiveness.

Differential height characteristics of plasmid and G-wire DNA as determined by AFM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1052-1053
Author(s):  
T. C. Marsh ◽  
J. Vesenka ◽  
E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Dimension One

Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM) has become an effective tool in the three dimensional characterization of biological systems and is capable of Angstrom sensitivity in the vertical dimension. One unresolved dilemma is that the observed height (diameter) of B-DNA being about 10Å, is less than half its x-ray diffraction value. In this paper we attempt to determine the source of this discrepancy by comparing plasmid DNA co-deposited with a novel form of DNA called “G-wires” (Figure 1). G-wires are formed by G-rich sequences. They are composed of G-4 DNA, a quadruple helical structure. X-ray data of G-4 DNA gives a diameter of 27Å, comparable to that expected for B-DNA (20 to 25Å). In the AFM these structures have a significantly greater height (av. = 22 Å) compared to double stranded (av. = 7 Å) or supercoiled B-DNA (av. = 14 Å) (Figure 2). Thus, the apparent height of nucleic acids in the AFM is dependent upon their innate structural characteristics.

scholarly journals Characterization of cordierite-mullite ceramics prepared from natural raw materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmula Ali Albhilil ◽  
Martin Palou ◽  
Jana Kozánková
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mercury Intrusion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shock Resistance ◽  
Quenching Method ◽  
Mullite Ceramics

Abstract Series of six cordierite-mullite ceramics were synthesized via solid state reaction at various temperatures from 1250 °C for pure cordierite to 1500 °C for pure mullite. Then the samples were submitted to the test of thermal shock resistance based on cycling heating-quenching procedure. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) have been used to characterize the samples before and after cycling heating-quenching method. Sample 6 was broken after 35 heating-quenching cycles, while the five other reminded stable. The refractoriness of samples is found to be higher than that of commercial ones. XRD shows that heating-quenching procedure has led to crystallization of cordierite and mullite phases. Apart from sample 6, the pore structure is stable with slight consolidation. The microstructure images confirm the results of XRD and MIP showing crack in sample 6 only, but compact and larger particles resulting from crystal growth in other samples due to the repeated action of heating.

Adhesion Characterization of Zinc-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 720 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva ◽  
Daniel Navarro da Rocha ◽  
Felipe Nobre Moura ◽  
Andrea Machado Costa ◽  
Luis Henrique Leme Louro
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Second Step ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Coatings ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Scratch Tests

In this study, hydroxyapatite and Zn-containing hydroxyapatite coatings were produced and characterized with respect to adhesion. The coating technique consists of a two-step hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that, in the first step, the coatings consisted of parascholzite (JCPDS-01-086-2372), a mixture of parascholzite and monetite (JCPDS-01-071-1759), or parascholzite and brushite (JCPDS-72-0713), depending on Zn concentration in the precursor solution. The second step consisted of an alkali conversion in a KOH solution. The final coating was identified as pure hydroxyapatite (HA) or Zn-doped hydroxyapatite, depending on the precursor solution Zn content. Scratch tests on the pure HA coatings showed higher adhesion, when compared to Zn-substituted HA coatings.

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