Phase Diagram of MgCl2-LiCl-Na2­SiO3-H2O System at 200°C and Synthesis of Hectorite

2011 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jie Yin ◽  
Yong Zhong Jia ◽  
Yan Jing ◽  
Ying Yao ◽  
Jun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Theoretical Principle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Natural Brine

Phase diagram of MgCl2–LiCl–Na2­SiO3–H2O (MLSH) system at 200°C was reported. The phase diagram was designed according to the hydrothermal system in which hectorite was formed. The solid phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Lithium silicate, hectorite and karpinskite were observed as solid phases. The presence of hectorite in solid phases was decided by the molar ratio of MgCl2 and Na2SiO3 in the system. When the Mg/Si molar ratio exceeded a certain value, little hectorite was formed even though there was a large amount of LiCl in the system. The reason may be that it was difficult for Li+ to replace the Mg2+ in the framework. As a versatile nanomaterial, hectorite could be synthesized using concentrated natural brine as starting materials by hydrothermal method at 200°C. The phase diagram could be used as the theoretical principle for synthesis of hectorite and comprehensive utilization of concentrated natural brine.

Phase Equilibrium Study at 180°C in Synthetic Hecotire

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 2318-2321
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Yan Jing ◽  
Ying Yao ◽  
Yong Zhong Jia ◽  
Du Yuan Yue
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Theoretical Principle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Phase Equilibrium Study ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Natural Brine

In this paper, phase equilibrium of MgCl2-LiCl-Na2SiO3-H2O system at 180°C was researched. The solid phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Lithium silicate, hectorite, karpinskite and magnesium hydroxide were observed as solid phases. According to the analysis of XRD, the phase diagram was obtained. The phase diagram could be used as the theoretical principle for synthesis of hectorite and comprehensive utilization of concentrated natural brine.

Phase Equilibrium Study at 220°C of Li+,Mg2+//Cl-, SiO32--H2O Systerm

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 544-547
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Yong Zhong Jia ◽  
Yan Jing ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Ying Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Theoretical Principle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Phase Equilibrium Study ◽  
Solid Phases

In this paper, phase equilibrium of Li+, Mg2+∥Cl-, SiO32--H2O system at 220°C was researched. The solid phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Lithium silicate, hectorite, karpinskite and magnesium hydroxide were observed as solid phases. According to the analysis of XRD, the phase diagram was obtained. The phase diagram could be used as the theoretical principle for synthesis of hectorite.

Phase Diagram of the LiCl-MgCl2-Na2cSiO3-H2O System at 150°C and Synthesis of Hectorite

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1321-1324
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Yong Zhong Jia ◽  
Ying Yao ◽  
Jin He Sun ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Quaternary System ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Phases

The phase equilibrium of the LiCl-MgCl2-Na2­SiO3-H2O (LMNH) quaternary system at 150°C was studied and the phase diagram of the system was plotted, in order to synthesize hectorite with the nature brine, which was rich in lithium and magnesium. The solid phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). It was found that hectorite, lithium silicate, karpinskite and brucite can be formed in this system.

Mechanochemisitry Synthesis of Al-Rich Layered Double Hydroxides

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
Hong Bo Yu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Hong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Activation Products ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
Preliminary Mechanical Activation

In present work mechanochemical synthesis of fine dispersed MgAl-CO3 LDHs is based on the preliminary mechanical activation of mixture of magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate in a planetary activator AGO-2, followed by the thermal treatment of activation products at a temperature of 90 . The Mg/Al molar ratio was discussed. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer. According to obtained data the interaction mechanism was proposed.

scholarly journals Influence of Bi2O3 on microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-SnO2 ceramics

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ivetic ◽  
M.V. Nikolic ◽  
M. Slankamenac ◽  
M. Zivanov ◽  
D. Minic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dc Resistivity ◽  
Impedance Spectra ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effects of small amounts (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 mol. %) of bismuth oxide on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-SnO2 ceramics have been studied. Starting powders of ZnO and SnO2 were mixed in the molar ratio 2:1. After adding Bi2O3 this mixture was mechanically activated for 10 minutes in a planetary ball mill, uniaxially pressed and sintered at 1300?C for 2h. The phase composition of the sintered samples was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and by Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Morphologies were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An Impedance/Gain Phase Analyzer (HP 4194A) was used to measure the impedance spectra (100Hz - 10MHz) at different temperatures. The electrical DC resistivity/conductivity at different temperatures was measured using a High Resistance Meter (HP 4329A).

Effect of Hydrated Metal Salts on the Coordination Product of Cobalt(II) halide and PNP Type Ligand, 2,6-bis(di-tertbutylphosphinomethyl) pyridine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Siddiquee ◽  
Abdul Goni
Keyword(s):  
Metal Salts ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Pincer Complexes ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pincer Ligand ◽  
Tetrahedral Geometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Distorted Tetrahedral Geometry ◽  
Cobalt Center

Chemical treatment of CoX<sub>2</sub><b><sup>. </sup></b>6H<sub>2</sub>O (X = Cl, Br, I) with the potentially tridentate PNP pincer ligand 2,6-bis(di-<i>tert</i>-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine in 1:1 molar ratio results in cobalt(II) halide-PNP pincer complexes. The effect of the hydrated metal source on molecular structure and geometry of the complexes was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexes are neutral and the cobalt center adopts a penta-coordinate system with potential atropisomerization. Within the unit cell there are two distinct molecules per asymmetric unit. One of the two phosphorus atoms in the PNP ligand was observed to be partially oxidized to phosphinoxide. Disorder in the structure reflects a mixture of square pyramidal and distorted tetrahedral geometry.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol Using a Copper-Zirconia Imidazolate Framework

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Sonam Goyal ◽  
Maizatul Shima Shaharun ◽  
Ganaga Suriya Jayabal ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Enhanced Yield

A set of novel photocatalysts, i.e., copper-zirconia imidazolate (CuZrIm) frameworks, were synthesized using different zirconia molar ratios (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mmol). The photoreduction process of CO2 to methanol in a continuous-flow stirred photoreactor at pressure and temperature of 1 atm and 25 °C, respectively, was studied. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The highest methanol activity of 818.59 µmol/L.g was recorded when the CuZrIm1 catalyst with Cu/Zr/Im/NH4OH molar ratio of 2:1:4:2 (mmol/mmol/mmol/M) was employed. The enhanced yield is attributed to the presence of Cu2+ oxidation state and the uniformly dispersed active metals. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the reaction parameters. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental ones with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99. The optimization results showed that the highest methanol activity of 1054 µmol/L.g was recorded when the optimum parameters were employed, i.e., stirring rate (540 rpm), intensity of light (275 W/m2) and photocatalyst loading (1.3 g/L). The redox potential value for the CuZrIm1 shows that the reduction potential is −1.70 V and the oxidation potential is +1.28 V for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol. The current work has established the potential utilization of the imidazolate framework as catalyst support for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol.

scholarly journals ZnOTe Compounds Grown by DC-Magnetron Co-Sputtering

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Olga Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Hernández-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sample Series ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
The One ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Substrate Sample

ZnOTe compounds were grown by DC magnetron cosputtering from pure Tellurium (Te) and Zinc (Zn) cathodes in O2/Ar atmosphere. The applied power on the Zn target was constant equal to 100 W, while the one applied on the Te target took two values, i.e., 5 W and 10 W. Thus, two sample series were obtained in which the variable parameter was the distance from the Te targets to the substrate. Sample compositions were determined by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) experiments. Structural analysis was done using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry and the growth of the hexagonal w-ZnO phase was identified in the XRD spectra. RBS results showed high bulk homogeneity of the samples forming ZnOTe alloys, with variable Te molar fraction (MF) ranging from 0.48–0.6% and from 1.9–3.1% for the sample series obtained at 5 W and 10 W, respectively. The results reflect great differences between the two sample series, particularly from the structural and optical point of view. These experiments point to the possibility of Te doping ZnO with the permanence of intrinsic defects, as well as the possibility of the formation of other Te solid phases when its content increases. The results and appreciable variations in the band gap transitions were detected from Photoluminescence (PL) measurements.

scholarly journals Extraction of Boron from Ludwigite Ore: Mechanism of Soda-Ash Roasting of Lizardite and Szaibelyite

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Guanghui Li ◽  
Jinxiang You ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Soda Ash ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ludwigite ore is a typical low-grade boron ore accounting for 58.5% boron resource of China, which is mainly composed of magnetite, lizardite and szaibelyite. During soda-ash roasting of ludwigite ore, the presence of lizardite hinders the selective activation of boron. In this work, lizardite and szaibelyite were prepared and their soda-ash roasting behaviors were investigated using thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analyses, in order to shed light on the soda-ash activation of boron within ludwigite ore. Thermodynamics of Na2CO3-MgSiO3-Mg2SiO4-Mg2B2O5 via FactSage show that the formation of Na2MgSiO4 was preferential for the reaction between Na2CO3 and MgSiO3/Mg2SiO4. While, regarding the reaction between Na2CO3 and Mg2B2O5, the formation of NaBO2 was foremost. Raising temperature was beneficial for the soda-ash roasting of lizardite and szaibelyite. At a temperature lower than the melting of sodium carbonate (851 °C), the soda-ash roasting of szaibelyite was faster than that of lizardite. Moreover, the melting of sodium carbonate accelerated the reaction between lizardite with sodium carbonate.

Application of vermiculite and limestone to desulphurization and to the removal of dust during briquette combustion

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lu ◽  
D. Zhao ◽  
J. Li ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
S. Qin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Retention Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Chemical Reactant ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractSmall domestic cooking furnaces are widely used in China. These cooking furnaces release SO2 gas and dust into the atmosphere and cause serious air pollution. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of vermiculite, limestone or CaCO3, and combustion temperature and time on desulphurization and dust removal during briquette combustion in small domestic cooking furnaces. Additives used in the coal are vermiculite, CaCO3 and bentonite. Vermiculite is used for its expansion property to improve the contact between CaCO3 and SO2 and to convey O2 into the interior of briquette; CaCO3 is used as a chemical reactant to react with SO2 to form CaSO4; and bentonite is used to develop briquette strength. Expansion of vermiculite develops loose interior structures, such as pores or cracks, inside the briquette, and thus brings enough oxygen for combustion and sulphation reaction. Effective combustion of the original carbon reduces amounts of dust in the fly ash. X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis show that S exists in the ash only as anhydrite CaSO4, a product of SO2 reacting with CaCO3 and O2. The formation of CaSO4 effectively reduces or eliminates SO2 emission from coal combustion. The major factors controlling S retention are vermiculite, CaCO3 and combustion temperature. The S retention ratio increases with increasing vermiculite amount at 950°C. The S retention ratio also increases with increasing Ca/S molar ratio, and the best Ca/S ratio is 2-3 for most combustion. With 12 g of the original coal, 1 to 2 g of vermiculite, a molar Ca/S ratio of 2.55 by adding CaCO3, and some bentonite, a S retention ratio >65% can be readily achieved. The highest S retention ratio of 97.9% is achieved at 950°C with addition of 2 g of vermiculite, a Ca/S ratio of 2.55 and bentonite.

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