Effect of Coating with Hydroxyapatite on the Bonding of Bone to Implant

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1661-1666
Author(s):  
Abdelilah Benmarouane ◽  
Pierre Millet ◽  
Thomas Buslaps ◽  
Alain Lodini ◽  
Veijo Honkimäki
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
Non Destructive

The aim of the present study was to study the interface implant-bone by synchrotron radiation, the implant has two faces the first one coated with hydroxyapatite and the second uncoated. In orthopaedic surgery, Titanium (Ti-Al-4V) implants are currently coated with hydroxyapatite (HAp), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in order to obtain a stable and functional direct connection between the bone and the implant. At the implant-bone interface, the new bone reconstituted after two months of implantation must have the same properties like the natural bone in order to accept the implant. Therefore we studied the texture of the reconstituted bone crystals at the interface applying non destructive x-ray diffraction. The required high spatial resolution was achieved utilizing high-energy synchrotron radiation on ID15 at ESRF in Grenoble, France.

Focusing Optics for High-Energy X-ray Diffraction

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Lienert ◽  
C. Schulze ◽  
V. Honkimäki ◽  
Th. Tschentscher ◽  
S. Garbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Dispersion Compensation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Momentum Resolution ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Band Pass

Novel focusing optical devices have been developed for synchrotron radiation in the energy range 40–100 keV. Firstly, a narrow-band-pass focusing energy-tuneable fixed-exit monochromator was constructed by combining meridionally bent Laue and Bragg crystals. Dispersion compensation was applied to retain the high momentum resolution despite the beam divergence caused by the focusing. Next, microfocusing was achieved by a bent multilayer arranged behind the crystal monochromator and alternatively by a bent Laue crystal. A 1.2 µm-high line focus was obtained at 90 keV. The properties of the different set-ups are described and potential applications are discussed. First experiments were performed, investigating with high spatial resolution the residual strain gradients in layered polycrystalline materials. The results underline that focused high-energy synchrotron radiation can provide unique information on the mesoscopic scale to the materials scientist, complementary to existing techniques based on conventional X-ray sources, neutron scattering or electron microscopy.

High spatial resolution, high energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction characterization of residual strains and stresses in laser shock peened Inconel 718SPF alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 084904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrinder S. Gill ◽  
Zhong Zhou ◽  
Ulrich Lienert ◽  
Jonathan Almer ◽  
David F. Lahrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Residual Strains

Phase composition depth profiles using spatially resolved energy dispersive X-ray diffraction

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Jupe ◽  
Stuart R. Stock ◽  
Peter L. Lee ◽  
Nikhila N. Naik ◽  
Kimberly E. Kurtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Composition Profiles

Spatially resolved energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, using high-energy synchrotron radiation (∼35–80 keV), was used nondestructively to obtain phase composition profiles along the radii of cylindrical cement paste samples to characterize the progress of the chemical changes associated with sulfate attack on the cement. Phase distributions were acquired to depths of ∼4 mm below the specimen surface with sufficient spatial resolution to discern features less than 200 µm thick. The experimental and data analysis methods employed to obtain quantitative composition profiles are described. The spatial resolution that could be achieved is illustrated using data obtained from copper cylinders with a thin zinc coating. The measurements demonstrate that this approach is useful for nondestructively visualizing the sometimes complex transformations that take place during sulfate attack on cement-based materials. These transformations can be spatially related to microstructure as seen by computed microtomography.

Investigation of Residual Stress/Strain and Texture in a Large Dissimilar Metal Weld Using Synchrotron Radiation and Neutrons

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Ohms ◽  
Rene V. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Butt Weld ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Component Size ◽  
Thin Slice

Bi-metallic piping welds are frequently used in light water nuclear reactors to connect ferritic steel pressure vessel nozzles to austenitic stainless steel primary cooling piping systems. An important aspect for the integrity of such welds is the presence of residual stresses. Measurement of these residual stresses presents a considerable challenge because of the component size and because of the material heterogeneity in the weld regions. The specimen investigated here was a thin slice cut from a full-scale bi-metallic piping weld mock-up. A similar mock-up had previously been investigated by neutron diffraction within a European research project called ADIMEW. However, at that time, due to the wall thickness of the pipe, stress and spatial resolution of the measurements were severely restricted. One aim of the present investigations by high energy synchrotron radiation and neutrons used on this thin slice was to determine whether such measurements would render a valid representation of the axial strains and stresses in the uncut large-scale structure. The advantage of the small specimen was, apart from the easier manipulation, the fact that measurement times facilitated a high density of measurements across large parts of the test piece in a reasonable time. Furthermore, the recording of complete diffraction patterns within the accessible diffraction angle range by synchrotron X-ray diffraction permitted mapping the texture variations. The strain and stress results obtained are presented and compared for the neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. A strong variation of the texture pole orientations is observed in the weld regions which could be attributed to individual weld torch passes. The effect of specimen rocking on the scatter of the diffraction data in the butt weld region is assessed during the neutron diffraction measurements.

High spatial resolution and non-destructive evaluation of wood density and microfibril angle by NIR hyperspectral imaging

NIR news ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te Ma ◽  
Tetsuya Inagaki ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Non Destructive

Wood density and microfibril angle are strongly correlated with wood stiffness, shrinkage, and anisotropy. Understanding the spatial distribution of these values is critical for solid timber applications. In this study, near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging was used to evaluate wood density and microfibril angle in a non-destructive, yet effective manner. Briefly, five wood samples collected from both normal and compression parts of two different Cryptomeria japonica trees were analyzed. Partial least squares regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between X-ray reference data and NIR spectra, and cross-validation (leave-one-out) was used for checking prediction performances. The validation coefficient of determination (r2) between predicted densities by the NIR technique and measured values by SilviScan (X-ray data) was 0.83 with a root mean squared error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 105.18 kg/m3. Regarding microfibril angle, r2 and RMSECV were 0.77 and 5.36°, respectively. Finally, wood density and microfibril angle were successfully mapped at a high spatial resolution (156 µm) to facilitate the detection of annual growth ring features and evaluation of aspects of heterogeneous wood quality.

Atomic-Scale Structure of Polymer-Route Si-C-O Fibers Observed by Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Diffraction

2007 ◽  
Vol 352 ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyohito Okamura ◽  
Kentaro Suzuya ◽  
Shinji Kohara ◽  
Hiroshi Ichikawa ◽  
Kenji Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Intermediate Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Scale Structure ◽  
Amorphous Sic

The atomic scale structure of amorphous Si-C-O ceramics fibers produced from the pyrolysis of a polycarbosilane precursor has been investigated by X-ray diffraction using high-energy synchrotron radiation at SPring-8. First peak in the total correlation function T(r) of the amorphous and the heat-treated fibers is analyzed to consist of two contributions: Si-C (1.89 Å) and Si-O (1.61 Å) bonds. The coordination number of C and/or O around Si is about four. This suggests that the Si-C-O fibers basically have a network structure that consists of two tetrahedral units: SiC4 and SiO4. The local chemical and structural orders vary continuously in the materials from the disordered network structure of SiC4 and SiO4 tetrahedra (mixture of amorphous SiC and SiO2) to nanocrystals of SiC and SiO2, through the ternary Si-C-O solid solution which is believed to have an intermediate structure between the amorphous and crystalline states.

Attenuation- and Phase-Contrast Microtomography Using Synchrotron Radiation for the 3-D Investigation of Specimens Consisting of Elements With Low and Medium Absorption

1999 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Beckmann ◽  
U. Bonse
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contrast Mechanism

ABSTRACTAttenuation- and phase-contrast microtomography using synchrotron radiation is applied to different samples demonstrating the advantages and limits of the two different contrast mechanism. Photon energies in the range of 8-25 keV and 60-100 keV are used. Scanning techniques employing a 2-dim. x-ray detector allow for investigation of larger specimens at high spatial resolution.

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