Foresight of Material Surface Engineering as a Tool Building a Knowledge-Based Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2511-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Danuta Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Engineering Materials

Throughout history, a substantial or often leap technological progress, was determined by the availability of new engineering materials, which usually stimulated the improvement in the quality of life. The development of engineering materials constitutes one of the most significant elements in the field of science and technology, and innovative policy in Poland and Europe as regards the knowledge-based economy (KBE). The enhancement of the product functional properties, required by the new strategies of engineering materials development, as well as materials processing technologies is frequently connected with appropriate formation of the engineering materials surface layer structure and properties. Functional properties of many products depend not only on the possibility of transferring the mechanical load across the whole element section or its physicochemical properties, but, most often, they depend mainly on the surface layer structure and properties. The application of foresight methodology in the assessment of the state and prospects regarding the development of technology related to the formation of the materials surface structure and properties provides the possibility to manage knowledge in this field. It can be achieved through a formalization of the explicit and tacit knowledge gathering and use in order to increase production competitiveness, effectiveness, and innovation, improve the quality of life and achieve sustainable development. The objectives accomplished in such a way contribute to the increase in intellectual capital by enhancing the effectiveness of using the existing knowledge, creating new knowledge, as well as increasing the level of understanding and disseminating knowledge. The implemented foresight project will result in identifying the priority innovative technologies and strategic research trends in the scope of surface structure and properties formation of engineering materials and biomaterials whose development in the country will be of key importance within next 20 years.

scholarly journals E-Governance in Republic of Srpska - Challenges and Prospects

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Drljača ◽  
Branko Latinović
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

In order to ensure quality of life of its citizens, the European Union member states are in the process of modernisation of their public services through utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT). In this process, each state is selecting own way to meet citizens’ demands for provision of more quality, efficient and flexible public services. One of the main interests of actual Government in the Republic of Srpska (RS) is to protect economic interests of its citizens, as well as to transform its services and functions in order to improve overall quality of life in RS. The implementation of e-Government and e-Governance is one of the main strategic commitments. In order to meet these EU trends, the Government of the Republic of Srpska made first steps in introducing new public services to facilitate communication with its citizens. The Government of the Republic of Srpska recognized benefits of these trends and their impacts on the overall development of society and economy improvement of quality of life of its citizens. With the introduction of these modern services, the citizens in RS should skip lines and shorten the waiting time for response from Governmental bodies related to their requests that will give them more time for other activities.This paper gives brief analysis of challenges and prospects for implementation of e-Government and e-Governance initiatives, as one of the pillars for successful development of the Republic of Srpska as knowledge based economy and information society with benefits that improve citizens’ life. The paper also gives brief review of main strategic document, which gives governmental vision for implementation, as well as introduction of eSrpska- public administration portal.

An Introduction to Parks, Recreation, and Public Health: Collaborative Frameworks for Promoting Physical Activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. S1-S13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Librett ◽  
Karla Henderson ◽  
Geoffrey Godbey ◽  
James R. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Health Decisions ◽  
Parks And Recreation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Missed Opportunity

The purpose of parks and recreation as well as public health is to seek the highest possible quality of life for individuals and communities. Unfortunately, little discourse has occurred between the parks and recreation and public health professions. This missed opportunity has resulted in an incomplete understanding of the spectrum of issues shared by the fields, a slow transdisciplinary learning curve, and a dearth of knowledge-based linkages between science and practice. The goal of the 2006 Cooper Institute Conference on Parks, Recreation, and Public Health: Collaborative Frameworks for Promoting Physical Activity was to highlight opportunities and advance cooperation between parks, recreation, and public health researchers and practitioners that result in collaborations that influence public health decisions at the macro (agency) and micro (individual) levels. This article introduces the discussion on scientific and practice issues in parks, recreation, and public health. By establishing a baseline of frameworks for strengthening collaboration we hope to improve the health and quality of life through parks and recreation-based physical activity.

THE INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY ON THE QUALITY OF THE SURFACE LAYER AND THE STRENGTH STRUCTURE OF PROSTHETIC CROWNS

Tribologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Łukasz BOJKO ◽  
Wojciech RYNIEWICZ ◽  
Anna M. RYNIEWICZ ◽  
Marcin KOT ◽  
Paweł PAŁKA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Additive Technology ◽  
Cocrmo Alloy ◽  
Casting Technology ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Hard Structures

Prosthetic crowns reproduce the damaged hard structures of the patient’s own teeth and take over their natural functions, thus securing the correct reconstruction of the stomatognathic system. The aim is to evaluate the crowns for premolars and molars produced by casting, milling, and Selective Laser Melting technologies, in terms of the accuracy of reproducing the degree against the prosthetic pillar, the analysis of the surface layer structure of the step, and the micromechanical parameters of the alloy. The study material included CoCrMo alloy crowns. The conducted study allowed finding that the tightness of prosthetic crowns made using traditional casting technology as well as in SLM milling and technology is comparable and meets clinical requirements. Structural crown analyses confirmed the very good quality of the surface layer obtained with milling technology and SLM technology using the CAD/CAM method. SLM and digital milling allow the formation of precise and durable structures constituting the foundation of crowns in a time much shorter than the casting process.

scholarly journals The openness buzz in the knowledge economy: Towards taxonomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lundgren ◽  
Hans Westlund
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Open Government ◽  
New Institutional Theory ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Analytical Tools

In the networked information and knowledge-based economy and society, the notions of ‘open’ and ‘openness’ are used in a variety of contexts; open source, open access, open economy, open government, open innovation – just to name a few. This paper aims at discussing openness and developing a taxonomy that may be used to analyse the concept of openness. Are there different qualities of openness? How are these qualities interrelated? What analytical tools may be used to understand openness? In this paper four qualities of openness recurrent in literature and debate are explored: accessibility, transparency, participation and sharing. To further analyse openness new institutional theory as interpreted by Williamson (2000) is used, encompassing four different institutional levels; cultural embeddedness, institutional environment, governance structure and resource allocations. At what institutional levels is openness supported and/or constrained? Accessibility as a quality of openness seems to have a particularly strong relation to the other qualities of openness, whereas the notions of sharing and collaborative economics seem to be the most complex and contested quality of openness in the knowledge-based economy. This research contributes to academia, policy and governance, as handling of challenges with regard to openness vs. closure in different contexts, territorial, institutional and/or organizational, demand not only a better understanding of the concept, but also tools for analysis.

Research on High Permeability Layer-Penetration Oil Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2539-2544
Author(s):  
Qin Guan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Early Damage

Domestic and foreign road construction for many years of practical experience shows that pavement early damage and between the base and the surface layer of oil related to the quality of construction, the quality of life of the future road surface layer has a major influence[1]. In order for the preparation of high-permeable dialysis oils heavy investment in production, combined with permeable layer of oil in the production of enterprises, taking into account the conditions and existing equipment of enterprises, the paper layer on oil production, put forward the requirements for equipment, processing parameters, control indicators.

scholarly journals Rola zasobów intelektualnych w procesach integracji europejskiej

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Monika Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Regional Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy

Increasing the potential and quality of the intellectual resources of a society by the means of higher education (which in consequence leads to an acceleration in the development of a knowledge- based economy) plays a very important role in the intensifying process of integration. This article presents activities supporting research and scientific activity and international cooperation among European Union states and the consequent differentiation of intellectual resources in national and regional systems in the light of selected indices and synthetic measures. Furthermore, the role of personal traits and attitudes towards enterprise, which enable active participation in the integration process, is also emphasised. The analyses conducted indicate that there is a significant differentiation in the potential and the quality of intellectual resources in the European zone. A highly competitive position of national and regional systems largely results from various levels of social development, the policies within the scope of the shaping of a knowledge-based economy and financial backing given to research and development activities and tertiary-level education, combined with international cooperation in these areas. The levelling of any existing discrepancies in Europe should take place by means of increasing the quality of intellectual resources.

scholarly journals The Development of the Romanian Academic Research on the Academy of Economic Studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana SARBU
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
European Area ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The One ◽  
Educational Market ◽  
Economic Studies

Interdisciplinary academic research is one way to improve education quality via research as this implies scientific development, incorporating high technology into academic processes as well as formulating innovation-driven processes and services. Having these objectives in mind, the current project seeks to act along two major directions: on the one hand, improving the quality of academic research, on the other hand boosting its efficiency and noteworthiness on a world scale. The first vista aims to strengthen academic research capacities, which must be achieved by having education processes meet knowledge-based economy exigencies. From the perspective of this research under discussion, this paper explores the effects of European integration on the quality of Romanian economic higher education in its positioning on the European educational market and the attempts to define its specific profile in the central and eastern-European area. The authors raise questions regarding the roles universities want to play in the future, regarding the awareness towards the needs of the institutions, the needs of the teaching and research staff and, mainly, the needs of the students. On a particularly aggressive market, it becomes necessary that Romanian academic research and higher education on the Academy of Economic Studies should reflect on the first lessons which the new status of the country's European Union membership gives to the Romanian prestigious universities.

The development of ecosystems for technology transfer in Mexico: the role of Patenting Centers

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-347
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Beltrán-Morales ◽  
David J Jefferson ◽  
Ileana Serrano Fraire ◽  
Monica Alandete-Saez
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Ip Protection ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Building Activities

In this article, we evaluate an initiative recently launched by the national government in Mexico to create ‘Patenting Centers’ in various universities and research institutions in diverse regions of the country. We focus particularly on elucidating how the installation of these Patenting Centers has augmented the number of national filings for intellectual property (IP) protection, and how the Centers have contributed to increasing the quality of IP applications. Furthermore, we analyze how the Mexican Patenting Centers have qualitatively contributed to fostering local cultures of innovation, for example through capacity-building activities directed towards scientific researchers. We also attempt to understand how the Patenting Centers have supported processes of technology transfer and commercialization, which we evaluate by examining a case study from the Northwest Biological Research Center (CIBNOR). Our findings indicate that the Mexican Patenting Centers have contributed to increasing IP protection activity in various regions of the country, and that they have augmented interactions between public research institutions and the productive sector. We conclude with suggestions for how the Patenting Center model may be further assessed in the future, to ensure that the government's mission of fostering endogenous innovation and the creation of a knowledge-based economy may continue to be realized.

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