Crystallization and Properties of Glass-Ceramics of the K2O-BaO-B2O3-Al2O3-TiO2 System

Crystallization behavior and properties of glass-ceramics with content (mol%) of: K2O = 3-25, BaO = 3-27, B2O3= 8-26, Al2O3= 13-18, and TiO2= 31-47 were studied. The relation between the initial composition and the formation of the crystalline phases was analyzed. When increasing [Al2O3] and [BaO], was increased the temperature of crystallization; likewise, different barium potassium titanates appeared with [BaO] = 3-13 (Group 1), whereas, different barium titanates were obtained with [BaO] =13-30 (Group 2). The influence of chemical composition on the properties of density, mechanical strength, chemical durability and dielectric properties (dielectric constant and dielectric losses), was discussed. Glass-ceramics with high mechanical resistance in the range of 189-480 MPa and permittivity values between 4.03 and 25.31, and dielectric losses < 2 x 10-4at 1MHz were produced.

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Specificities in mechanism of erythrocyte deformability disorders in various diseases

Тромбоз, гемостаз и реология ◽

10.25555/thr.2021.1.0965 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Н.П. Александрова ◽

В.И. Карандашов ◽

Д.А. Кудлай

Keyword(s):

Disease Duration ◽

Normal Values ◽

Common Factors ◽

Erythrocyte Deformability ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Hematocrit Level ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Введение. Нарушение текучести крови, обусловленное повышением ее вязкости и снижением эластичности эритроцитов, может привести к столь значительным расстройствам центральной гемодинамики и микроциркуляции, что возникает дисфункция органов. Цель исследования: изучение доминирующих специфических механизмов, вызывающих нарушение деформируемости эритроцитов при различных заболеваниях. Материалы и методы. Обследован 121 пациент: с геморрагическим панкреонекрозом (n = 16) без острой сопутствующей сердечно-сосудистой патологии (группа 1); с тромбоэмболией магистральных артерий нижних конечностей (n = 37) с локализацией в подвздошной, бедренной и подколенной артериях, со сроком заболевания от 2 до 3 сут (группа 2); с острым тромбозом магистральных артерий нижних конечностей (n = 32) с ишемией II степени и длительностью заболевания от нескольких недель до нескольких месяцев (группа 3); с острым венозным тромбозом (n = 36), срок заболевания варьировал от 24 ч до 30 сут (группа 4). Для контроля изучены показатели 26 практически здоровых лиц (группа 5). Проведено исследование деформируемости эритроцитов методом фильтруемости, изучали распределение эритроцитов по диаметру, определяли показатель гематокрита и механическую резистентность эритроцитов, исследование белкового состава плазмы проводили спектрофотометрическим способом, измеряли содержание сиаловой кислоты в плазме и в эритроцитах. Результаты. Самые тяжелые нарушения морфологических и физико-химических свойств эритроцитов выявлены у больных геморрагическим панкреонекрозом (группа 1): скорость фильтрации эритроцитов была в 1,8 раза меньше, чем у здоровых людей; диаметр эритроцитов в 1,2 раза, а уровень гематокрита на 9% превышали норму; механическая резистентность была в 2 раза ниже нормальной. По сравнению с нормальными значениями у больных группы 2 диаметр эритроцитов был увеличен на 18%, гематокрит — на 7%, механическая резистентность была снижена на 27%. У пациентов группы 3 деформируемость была снижена на 14%, диаметр эритроцитов превышал норму на 11%, гематокрит — на 5%, механическая резистентность была снижена на 18%. У больных группы 4 деформируемость эритроцитов была практически не нарушена, все остальные параметры эритроцитов также не отличались от нормальных. Заключение. Существуют как специфические факторы, обусловливающие нарушение деформируемости эритроцитов и присущие только конкретному заболеванию, так и общие факторы, изменяющие деформационные свойства эритроцитов, которые сопровождают практически любую патологию. Общими факторами, снижающими деформационные свойства эритроцитов при исследованных нами заболеваниях, являются выраженная диспротеинемия и ацидоз. Background. Blood flow disorders due to its viscosity increasing and erythrocytes elasticity decreasing, may cause significant disturbances of central hemodynamics and microcirculation that lead to organ dysfunction. Objectives: to studythe basic specific mechanisms of erythrocyte deformability impairment in various diseases. Patients/Methods. We examined 16 patients: with hemorrhagic pancreonecrosis (n = 16) without acute comorbid cardiovascular pathology (group 1); with thrombembolia of the main arteries (iliac, femoral and popliteal) of lower extremities (n = 37), and disease duration of 2 to 3 days (group 2); with acute thrombosis (II degree ischemia) of the main arteries in the lower extremities (n = 32), and disease duration from several weeks to several months (group 3); with acute venous thrombosis (n = 36) and disease duration from 24 hours to 30 days (group 4). Group 5 consisted of 26 practically healthy individuals. We measured erythrocytes deformability (by filterability method), erythrocytes diameter distribution, hematocrit and erythrocytes mechanical resistance, plasma proteins composition (spectrophotometrically), sialic acid concentration in plasma and erythrocytes. Results. The most expressive disorders of erythrocytes morphological and physicochemical properties were found in patients with hemorrhagic pancreonecrosis (group 1): erythrocytes filtration rate was 1.8 times less than in healthy people; erythrocytes diameter was 1.2 times and the hematocrit level was 9% above normal; mechanical resistance was 2 times lower than normal. In patients of group 2 erythrocytes diameter was increased by 18%, hematocrit level — by 7%, mechanical resistance was reduced by 27% compared with normal values. In patients of group 3, deformability was reduced by 14%, erythrocytes diameter exceeded the norm by 11%, the hematocrit was by 5% above the norm, mechanical resistance was reduced by 18%. In patients of group 4, erythrocyte deformability practically was not impaired; all other erythrocytes parameters also did not differ from normal values. Conclusions. Erythrocyte deformability impairment caused by both specific factors that are attributable only for specific disease and by common factors that exists in almost any disease. Expressed dysproteinemia and acidosis are common factors that reduce erythrocyte deformability in examined diseases.

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INFLUENCE OF OXYGENATOR EXTRACORPORAL CIRCUIT TREATMENT WITH ADAPTATION COMPOSITION (AdC) ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF ERYTHROCYTES.

Клінічна та профілактична медицина ◽

10.31612/2616-4868.3(13).2020.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (13) ◽

pp. 86-97

Author(s):

V. І. Cherniy ◽

L. O. Sobanska ◽

O. M. Lazarenko ◽

G. О. Lazarenko ◽

Т. А. Alekseeva

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Extracorporeal Circuit ◽

Complete Blood Cell Count ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Erythrocyte Morphology ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Summary. The study highlights a method of treatment extracorporeal circuit with «adaptation composition» (AdC) for the reduction of negative impact on state of erythrocytes. Materials and methods. A total of 90 patients were enrolled, they were divided into two groups. The group 1 (45 patients, 39/6 male/female) included patients who underwent surgical procedures without treatment of an extracorporeal circuit with AdC. The group 2 (45 patients, 39/6 male/female) included patients who underwent surgery with the treatment of an extracorporeal circuit with AdC. According to the study protocol, patient blood was sampling for complete blood cell count (CBC) and erythrocyte morphology at 4 stages of surgery: before surgery, at 10 min. CPB-time, at 60 min. CPB-time and after separation from CPB. Results. The albumin of AdC creates a protective nanolayer on the surface of the oxygenator membrane and tubes. There were no statistically significant differences of parameters in the groups before CPB. Level of Ht 2 (group 2) at 60 min CPB-time and after CPB, were lower than Ht 1 (group 1) (p=0.021 and p=0.035 correspondingly) because MCV1 was higher (р=0.025 and p<0.0001 correspondingly). The increase MCHC in groups at 10 min. CPB-time relatives with the decrease in MCV at 10 min CPB-time. At 60 min, there are changes of RDWa2 76.05 ± 5.46 and RDWa1 72.35 ± 7.26, p<0.000. After CPB higher content of reticulocytes (р <0.0001), echinocytes (р <0.0001) and spherocytes (р <0.0001) is observed in group 1. The lowering of mechanical resistance (р = 0.04) and increasing membrane permeability for urea were in group 1. After CPB the best aсid hemolysis resistance was in group 2 (р = 0.05), erythrocytes were more resistant to hypoosmotic factor (р = 0.01) in group 2. Conclusion. The treatment of oxygenator with AdC reduces the negative influence СРВ on state of RBC. Membranes of erythrocytes were more resistant to traumatic factors in the group with AdC.

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Study of crystallization, microstructure and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics as a function of the sintering temperature

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2021.v24i2.2378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dayana Campanelli de Morais ◽

Matheus Ferreira Theotonio Santos ◽

Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos ◽

Eliandra De Sousa Trichês ◽

Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

Lithium Disilicate ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Sem Images ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Contrast Group ◽

Group 1

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to synthesize and characterize lithium disilicate glass-ceramics through the Li2 O-SiO2 system for determining the most satisfactory sintering parameter by evaluating the crystalline composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. Material and methods: The glass-ceramics were prepared from a glass precursor by means of the melting/cooling technique with a composition of 33.33 Li2 O and 66.67 SiO2 (mol.%). The specimens were compressed by the uniaxial pressing technique and three different thermal treatments were used for sintering: 850 °C (Group 1), 900 °C (Group 2), and 950 °C (Group 3), which were determined based on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) result. The glass-ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Archimedes method, microhardness and biaxial flexural strength analyses. Results: The results regarding XRD predominantly showed lithium disilicate phase for all the heat treatments performed. Moreover, grains with a needle form were more predominantly observed in the SEM images for Group 3, as well as a higher densification and consequently higher mechanical properties. In contrast, Group 1 presented the lowest mechanical properties and densification, as well as the highest porosity. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated how extremely important it is to follow the heat treatment recommended by the manufacturers of ceramics, including time and temperature, which possess direct effects in the crystalline phase formation, as well as in the material’s microstructure and mechanical properties. Keywords Crystallization; Glass-ceramics; Lithium disilicate.

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In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000867 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 281-284

Author(s):

Atıf Yolgosteren ◽

Gencehan Kumtepe ◽

Melda Payaslioglu ◽

Cuneyt Ozakin

Keyword(s):

Vascular Graft ◽

Graft Infection ◽

Vascular Graft Infection ◽

Group 4 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽

Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

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The influence of continuous local wound infusion on postoperative pain in patients undergoing transfemoral amputation

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000457 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 381-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christian Uhl ◽

Thomas Betz ◽

Andrea Rupp ◽

Markus Steinbauer ◽

Ingolf Töpel

Keyword(s):

Pain Management ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Phantom Pain ◽

Transfemoral Amputation ◽

Postoperative Wound ◽

Stump Pain ◽

Management Protocol ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract. Summary: Background: This pilot study was set up to examine the effects of a continuous postoperative wound infusion system with a local anaesthetic on perioperative pain and the consumption of analgesics. Patients and methods: We included 42 patients in this prospective observational pilot study. Patients were divided into two groups. One group was treated in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol and in addition to that received a continuous local wound infusion treatment (Group 1). Group 2 was treated with analgesics in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol, exclusively. Results: The study demonstrated a significantly reduced postoperative VAS score for stump pain in Group 1 for the first 5 days. Furthermore, the intake of opiates was significantly reduced in Group 1 (day 1, Group 1: 42.1 vs. Group 2: 73.5, p = 0.010; day 2, Group 1: 27.7 vs. Group 2: 52.5, p = 0.012; day 3, Group 1: 23.9 vs. Group 2: 53.5, p = 0.002; day 4, Group 1: 15.7 vs. Group 2: 48.3, p = 0.003; day 5, Group 1 13.3 vs. Group 2: 49.9, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups, neither in phantom pain intensity at discharge nor postoperative complications and death. Conclusions: Continuous postoperative wound infusion with a local anaesthetic in combination with a standard pain management protocol can reduce both stump pain and opiate intake in patients who have undergone transfemoral amputation. Phantom pain was not significantly affected.

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Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661190 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (03) ◽

pp. 253-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C Isles ◽

G D O Lowe ◽

B M Rankin ◽

C D Forbes ◽

N Lucie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Viscosity ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Malignant Hypertension ◽

Fibrin Deposition ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.

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Total Knee Arthroplasty after Previous Ipsilateral Hip Arthroplasty Showed Lower Clinical Outcomes and Higher Leg Length Discrepancy Perception

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715447 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Han-Jun Lee ◽

Seong Hwan Kim ◽

Nicolas Pujol ◽

Yong-Beom Park

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Leg Length ◽

Function Score ◽

Patient’S Satisfaction ◽

Length Discrepancy ◽

Total Knee ◽

Group 2 ◽

Ks Function ◽

Group 1

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare perception of leg length discrepancy (LLD) and clinical results of total knee arthroplasties (TKA) in patients with or without previous ipsilateral hip arthroplasty. Between 2008 and 2015, navigation-assisted TKA was performed in 43 patients with previous hip arthroplasty after hip fracture. After 1:3 propensity score matching was performed, 108 patients of primary navigation-assisted TKA (group 1) and 36 patients with hip arthroplasty (group 2) were included. Knee Society (KS) scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC) scores, and patients' satisfaction including perception of LLD were evaluated. Radiographic evaluation included mechanical axis, component position, and LLD. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find the factors that affect the clinical outcomes. No significant differences in radiologic and clinical evaluations, except for KS function score, patient's satisfaction and LLD (p< 0.001), were detected between the groups. LLD and its perception were significantly higher in group 2 (1.8 ± 3.4 mm in group 1 and 9.7 ± 4.1 mm in group 2, p = 0.000). Risk factors for the low KS function score were found as LLD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.403, p = 0.008) and previous hip arthroplasty itself (OR: 15.755, p = 0.002), but much higher OR was found in previous hip arthroplasty. Although the outcomes of TKA in patients with ipsilateral hip arthroplasty are comparable to those of primary TKA, LLD was high and patient's satisfaction and functional outcomes were low in patients with previous ipsilateral hip arthroplasty. Care should be taken when considering TKA in patients with previous hip arthroplasty. This is a Level III, case control study.

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Clinical and Radiological Changes after use of Alpha-1 Blocker Therapy in Patients of Posterior Urethral Valve with Bladder Neck Hypertrophy

JMS SKIMS ◽

10.33883/jms.v12i1.7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Aejaz A Baba ◽

Bajpai Minu

Keyword(s):

Bladder Neck ◽

Posterior Urethral Valve ◽

Posterior Urethral Valves ◽

Blocker Therapy ◽

Urethral Valve ◽

Novel Method ◽

Radiological Changes ◽

Group 2 ◽

Mean Time ◽

Group 1

Background: We evaluated the effects of alpha-1 blocker therapy on clinical and radiological abnormalities in patients of posterior urethral valve with bladder neck hypertrophy. Materials and Methods: A total of 74 patients with posterior urethral valves were seen at our department between 2003 and 2007. Out of these 24 had radiological evidence of bladder neck hypertrophy. Those patients with bladder neck hypertrophy who were seen before June 2006 and did not receive alpha-1 blocker (prazocin) therapy after valve ablation were assigned to group 1 (n=10). Group 2 consisted of 14 age matched patients with bladder neck hypertrophy and comparable prognostic factors who received alpha-1 blocker therapy after valve ablation (n=14). Micturating cystourethrography (MCU) was done periodically and a novel method used to calculate bladder neck hypertrophy. Trends in symptoms and radiological changes were evaluated throughout follow-up. Results: Mean patient age at presentation was 3.02±2.68 years in group 1 and 3.12±3.4 years in group 2. Bladder neck hypertrophy decreased from 2.3±1.0 to 2.0±0.5 in a mean time of 52.0 (34-52) weeks in group 1 where as it decreased from 2.2±0.5 to 1.6±0.3 in a mean time of 32.0 (22-52) weeks. Symptomatically patients in group 2 who received alpha-1 blocker therapy after valve ablation were better and had quick resolution of bladder neck hypertrophy. Conclusions: Use of alpha-1 blocker therapy in patients of posterior urethral valve with bladder neck hypertrophy helps in quick resolution of bladder neck hypertrophy. J Med Sci 2009;12(1):3-7.

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Preoperative Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio Is Associated with Early Morbidity and Mortality after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf.1341 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 255 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hüseyin Şaşkın ◽

Çagrı Düzyol ◽

Kazım Serhan Özcan ◽

Rezan Aksoy ◽

Mustafa Idiz

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Bypass Grafting ◽

Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Artery Bypass Grafting ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objective: To investigate the association of platelet to lymphocyte ratio to mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting operation. Methods: We evaluated records of 916 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting operation between January 2009 and May 2014 retrospectively. Patients were grouped as Group 1 (n = 604) if the platelet to lymphocyte ratio was above 142 and Group 2 (n = 312) if platelet to lymphocyte ratio was below 142. Results: The number of patients who developed a neurologic event during the hospital stay and in the first postoperative month was 7 (1.2%) in Group 1 and 12 (3.8%) in Group 2 for which the difference was statistically significant (P = .007). Early term mortality occurred in 3 patients (0.5%) in Group 1 and in 10 patients (3.2%) in Group 2 for which the difference was statistically highly significant (P = .001). In univariate and multivariate regression analysis, the preoperative platelet to lymphocyte ratio was determined as an independent risk factor for occurrence of atrial fibrillation in the early postoperative period, reoperation for sternum dehiscence, occurrence of a neurologic event, prolonged stay in the hospital and mortality. Conclusion: In this study, elevated levels of platelet to lymphocyte ratio were associated with mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting operation.

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Immediate and long-term results of the first line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Final analysis of randomized study

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2020.149.75 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

S.A. Lyalkin ◽

◽

L.A. Syvak ◽

N.O. Verevkina ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

First Line ◽

Free Survival ◽

Group 2 ◽

Line Chemotherapy ◽

Group 1

The objective: was to evaluate the efficacy of the first line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and methods. Open randomized study was performed including 122 patients with metastatic TNBC. The efficacy and safety of the first line chemotherapy of regimens АТ (n=59) – group 1, patients received doxorubicine 60 мг/м2 and paclitaxel 175 мг/м2 and ТР (n=63) – group 2, patients received paclitaxel 175 мг/м2 and carboplatin AUC 5 were evaluated. Results. The median duration of response was 9.5 months (4.5–13.25 months) in patients received AT regimen and 8.5 months (4.7–12.25 months), in TP regimen; no statistically significant differences were observed, р=0.836. The median progression free survival was 7 months (95% CI 5–26 months) in group 1 and 7.5 months (95% CI 6–35 months) in group 2, p=0.85. Both chemotherapy regimens (AT and TP) had mild or moderate toxicity profiles (grade 1 or 2 in most patients). No significant difference in gastrointestinal toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 3–4 neutropenia was higher in patients of group 2 (TP regimen): 42.8% versus 27% (р<0.05). Conclusions. Both regimens of chemotherapy (AT and TP) are appropriate to use in the first line setting in patients with metastatic TNBC. Key words: metastatic triple negative breast cancer, chemotherapy, progression free survival, chemotherapy toxicity.

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