Consolidation of Mg2Si Powder Using Shockwave Generated by Projectile Impact

2013 ◽  
Vol 767 ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kishimura ◽  
Yuki Yano ◽  
Hitoshi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
Shock Pressure ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shock Compaction ◽  
Phase Transition Pressure

A series of shock compaction experiments on as-received and ball-milled Mg2Si powder were conducted. The crystalline size in the shocked compacts obtained from the ball-milled powder was equivalent to that of the compacts obtained from the as-received powder. Although the shock pressure was higher than the phase transition pressure, the crystal structure reverted to its original structure under ambient conditions. For the shocked compact obtained from the ball-milled powder, a MgO peak appeared in the X-ray diffraction pattern.

scholarly journals Discovery of Fe7O9: a new iron oxide with a complex monoclinic structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Sinmyo ◽  
Elena Bykova ◽  
Sergey V. Ovsyannikov ◽  
Catherine McCammon ◽  
Ilya Kupenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Iron oxides are fundamentally important compounds for basic and applied sciences as well as in numerous industrial applications. In this work we report the synthesis and investigation of a new binary iron oxide with the hitherto unknown stoichiometry of Fe7O9. This new oxide was synthesized at high-pressure high-temperature (HP-HT) conditions, and its black single crystals were successfully recovered at ambient conditions. By means of single crystal X-ray diffraction we determined that Fe7O9 adopts a monoclinic C2/m lattice with the most distorted crystal structure among the binary iron oxides known to date. The synthesis of Fe7O9 opens a new portal to exotic iron-rich (M,Fe)7O9 oxides with unusual stoichiometry and distorted crystal structures. Moreover, the crystal structure and phase relations of such new iron oxide groups may provide new insight into the cycling of volatiles in the Earth’s interior.

Structure and Bonding of Bromoantimonate (III) Complexes with Unusual Valency by Means of NQR and Powder X-Ray Diffraction

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Okuda ◽  
Yoshihiro Kinoshita ◽  
Hiromitsu Terao ◽  
Koji Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Bonding ◽  
Bond Character

Abstract NQR and powder X-ray diffraction were observed for several bromoantimonate (III) complexes which contain CnH2n+1NH3 (n = 1 -3) or (CnH2n+1)2NH2(n = 1 -4) as a cation. The bond character, anion structure, crystal structure, and phase transition are discussed on the basis of the three-center-four-electron bond. A good correlation was found between the halogen NQR frequency and the Sb-X bond length.

Article

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
A Wallace Cordes ◽  
Robert C Haddon ◽  
Robin G Hicks ◽  
Richard T Oakley ◽  
Kristen E Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diamagnetic State

Electroreduction of the 2,5-thiophene-bridged bis(1,2,3,5-diselenadiazolylium) salt [T-2,5-Se][SbF6]2 in acetonitrile, at a Pt wire and in the presence of iodine, affords a highly conductive ( sigma = 102 S cm-1 at 293 K) 1:1 charge-transfer (CT) salt [T-2,5-Se][I], the crystal structure of which has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group Fm2m, a = 3.544(2), b = 10.9808(16), c = 31.464(5) Å , V = 1224.5(7) Å 3. The structure consists of perfectly superimposed pi -stacks of molecular units bridged by columns of disordered iodines. This packing motif is similar to that of the related 1,3-benzene-bridged derivative [1,3-Se][I], but the lateral intermolecular Se···Se interactions linking adjacent pi -stacks are considerably shorter, indicative of a more isotropic electronic structure for [T-2,5-Se][I]. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on [T-2,5-Se][I] nonetheless indicate a phase transition to a diamagnetic state near 200 K, behaviour similar to that observed for [1,3-Se][I]. The electronic structures and transport properties of the two compounds are discussed in the light of extended Hückel band-structure calculations.Key words: diselenadiazolyl, diradical, charge-transfer salt, magnetic susceptibility, crystal structure.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of the high-P polymorph of Ca2B6O6(OH)10·2(H2O) (meyerhofferite)

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Comboni ◽  
Tomasz Poreba ◽  
Francesco Pagliaro ◽  
Tommaso Battiston ◽  
Paolo Lotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Structural Differences

The crystal structure of the high-pressure polymorph of meyerhofferite, ideally Ca2B6O6(OH)10·2(H2O), has been determined by means of single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction data. Meyerhofferite undergoes a first-order isosymmetric phase transition to meyerhofferite-II, bracketed between 3.15 and 3.75 GPa, with a large volume discontinuity. The phase transition is marked by an increase in the coordination number of the boron B1 site, from III to IV, leading to a more interconnected and less compressible structure. The main structural differences between the two polymorphs and the P-induced deformation mechanisms at the atomic scale are discussed.

scholarly journals Compressional Behavior of Hydrous Orthoenstatite: Insight into the Nature of LVZ under Continental Plate

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Florian Tian-Siang Hua ◽  
Przemyslaw Dera ◽  
Jennifer Kung
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Continental Plate ◽  
Influence Of Water

A suite of hydrous orthoenstatite crystals were synthesized at 5–7 GPa and 1100–1300 °C, corresponding to the mid upper mantle conditions in continental regions. The synthetic crystals presented a clear, inclusion-free, and euhedral form with a size range from 100 to a few hundred microns. The Al- and water content of crystals were less than 2 wt. % and ranging from ~500 ppm to 1000 ppm, respectively, characterized by Raman and IR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and SIMS. The analysis shows that the capability of water incorporation for this suite of hydrous orthoenstatite is correlated to the Al-content in the crystal structure. To understand how the detailed crystal structure reflects the influence of water and Al, single crystal X ray diffraction analysis was performed for this suite of hydrous orthoenstatite. By comparing the results obtained at ambient conditions, we find that for low-level of Al-content, <2 wt. %, the Al3+ cation tends to occupy one of tetrahedral sites (TB) only. Analysis of the X ray diffraction results under high pressure indicates that the elasticity of orthoenstatites is insensitive to the presence of low-level water and Al. We use this finding to evaluate the velocity profile at the mid upper mantle of continental regions to compare with seismic observation. The comparison indicates that the cause of the low velocity zone in continental regions originates from the geotherm profile rather than the effect of water on the elasticity of mantle phases.

Crystal structure and the equation of state of thorium monophosphide for pressures up to 50 GPa

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Olsen ◽  
L. Gerward ◽  
U. Benedict ◽  
H. Luo ◽  
O. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Diamond Anvil Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressure Derivative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cscl Structure ◽  
Diamond Anvil

High-pressure X-ray diffraction studies have been performed on ThP using synchrotron radiation and a diamond-anvil cell. The bulk modulus B 0 and its pressure derivative B′0 have been determined (B 0 = 137 GPa; B′0 = 5.1). A phase transition from the NaCl structure to the CsCl structure was observed at about 30 GPa.

scholarly journals Structural Study of Ferroelectric Phase Transition of Sn-doped SrTiO3

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C61-C61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Kasatani ◽  
Shoichiro Suzuki ◽  
Akira Ando ◽  
Eisuke Magome ◽  
Chikako Moriyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase Transition ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Recently, ferroelectricity was discovered in Sn-doped SrTiO3 (abbreviated by SSTO), in which Sr-atom was substituted by a few percent Sn-atom[1]. The ferroelctricity of SSTO was confirmed by means of the appearance of the dielectric anomaly, that reached several thousands and the clear D-E hysteresis loop in low temperature phase. In order to clarify the mechanism of ferroelectric phase transition of SSTO from the viewpoint of the crystal structure, we investigated the average crystal structure and the local structure around the substitutional Sn-atom of SSTO10 (10% Sn concentration, ferroelectric phase transition temperature 180K) by means of synchrotron-radiation powder X-ray diffraction and transmission XAFS spectrum of Sn:K-edge, respectively. From the results of MEM/Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data, it was obtained that crystal structure of paraelectric phase of SSTO10 was cubic perovskite structure with the disorder state of Sn-atom. In ferroelectric phase, the crystal system was tetragonal, which was similar in structure to tetragonal ferroelectric structure of BaTiO3, and Sn-atom was order state. XAFS study revealed that the valence of Sn-ion was +2 charge and the local structure of Sn-atom was seemed as being the self-insistent state of SnO crystal structure. However, strangely, the coordination number of the nearest neighbor atom, that is O-atom, was 2 instead of 4. This is a mystery result and we have been analyzing. We have considered that the ferroelectricity of SSTO is induced by the distortion around the subsitituional Sn-atom. At the meeting, we are planning to discuss the precise crystal structure and the mechanism of the ferroelectric phase transition of SSTO.

Synchrotron X-ray diffuse scattering from a stable polymorphic material: terephthalic acid, C8H6O4

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Goossens ◽  
E. J. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Local Order ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Harmonic Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymorphic Materials

Terephthalic acid (TPA, C8H6O4) is an industrially important chemical, one that shows polymorphism and disorder. Three polymorphs are known, two triclinic [(I) and (II)] and one monoclinic (III). Of the two triclinic polymorphs, (II) has been shown to be more stable in ambient conditions. This paper presents models of the local order of polymorphs (I) and (II), and compares the single-crystal diffuse scattering (SCDS) computed from the models with that observed from real crystals. TPA shows relatively weak and less-structured diffuse scattering than some other polymorphic materials, but it does appear that the SCDS is less well modelled by a purely harmonic model in polymorph (I) than in polymorph (II), according to the idea that the diffuse scattering is sensitive to anharmonicity that presages a structural phase transition. The work here verifies that displacive correlations are strong along the molecular chains and weak laterally, and that it is not necessary to allow the —COOH groups to librate to successfully model the diffuse scattering – keeping in mind that the data are from X-ray diffraction and not directly sensitive to H atoms.

Crystal structure of the (REE)-uranyl carbonate mineral kamotoite-(Y)

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Plášil ◽  
Václav Petříček
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uranyl Carbonate ◽  
Structure Solution ◽  
Super Cell

AbstractKamotoite-(Y) is a rare supergene product of uraninite hydration–oxidation weathering and its structure is unknown. Based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected with high-redundancy using a microfocus source, kamotoite-(Y) is monoclinic, has space group P21/n,with a = 12.3525(5), b = 12.9432(5), c = 19.4409(7) Å, β = 99.857(3)°, V = 3069.8(2) Å3 and Z = 4. Crystals are pervasively twinned (two-fold rotation around [0.75 0 0.75]), giving a strongly pseudo-orthorhombic diffractionpattern. The pseudoorthorhombic pattern can be described with an orthorhombic super-cell (transformation matrix 0,1,0/1,0,1/3,0,1), approximately four times larger in volume then a true monoclinic unit cell. This unit-cell is the same as the cell given elsewhere for the structure of bijvoetite-(Y),another (REE)-containing uranyl carbonate. The successful structure solution and refinement (R = 0.044 for 6294 unique observed reflections), carried out using our choice of unit cell, as well as the superstructure refinement and comparison of the original structure data forbijvoetite-(Y) reveal that these two crystal structures are identical. The crystal structure of kamotoite-(Y) consists of electroneutral sheets of the bijvoetite-(Y) uranylanion topology and an interlayer with H2O molecules not-coordinated directly to any metal cation. Despite determinationof the kamotoite-(Y) structure and demonstration that bijvoetite-(Y) has the same structure, the identity of these two minerals cannot be proved without additional study of the holotype material.

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