Structural Characterization of a Glass Ceramic Developed from TiO2 and a Novel Material-Silica Xerogel Converted from Sago Waste Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haji Aripin ◽  
Seitaro Mitsudo ◽  
I Nyoman Sudiana ◽  
Nundang Busaeri ◽  
Bambang Sunendar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Silica Xerogel ◽  
Bandgap Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Synthesis Procedure ◽  
Sago Waste ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this paper, we present the synthesis procedure and the results of an investigation of a novel silica xerogel (SX) glass ceramic developed from an amorphous SX derived from sago waste ash that incorporates TiO2 as an additive. The studied compositions have been prepared by adding of either 20% or 80 wt% of TiO2 into SX, respectively. The samples have been dry pressed and sintered in the temperature range between 900°C and 1500°C. Their properties have been characterized on the basis of the experimental data obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. It has been found that an increase of the content of SX in the composition leads to an increase of the shift of the bandgap energy of TiO2. The analysis based on the interpretation of both XRD patterns and FTIR spectrum allows one to explain the shift in the bandgap energy by an enlargement of the crystallite size of TiO2 and by forming of more Si–O–Ti bonds in the samples with a smaller loading of TiO2.

Structural Characterization of Mullite-Based Ceramic Material from Al2O3 and Silica Xerogel Converted from Sago Waste Ash

2013 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Haji Aripin ◽  
Seitaro Mitsudo ◽  
Endangsusilowati S. Prima ◽  
Inyoman Nyoman Sudiana ◽  
Hikamitsu Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Silica Xerogel ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sago Waste ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Mullite Ceramics

In this investigation, mullite ceramics were produced by mixing Al2O3and amorphous silica xerogel (SX) extracted from sago waste ash. The composition was prepared by adding an amount from 0 to 80 mol% of Al2O3into SX. The samples were dry pressed and sintered in the temperature range between 900°C and 1200°C. Their properties have been characterized on the basis of the experimental data obtained using thermal analysis (DSC/TGA, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that two major differences become obvious when comparing the samples loaded by the smaller and larger amount of Al2O3. First, cristobalite formation is retarded in the sample loaded by the larger amount of Al2O3. Second, at 1200°C, the observed volume fraction of mullite is higher in the sample loaded by the larger amount of Al2O3. The DSC analysis indicates that the mullite crystallization takes place at 1200°C for 60 mol% Al2O3loaded SX sample as confirmed by the XRD pattern. It was found that there was not a complete reaction of mulitization for sample sintered up to 1200°C.

Microstructure Characterization of Metal Mixed Oxides

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (64) ◽  
pp. 4025-4030 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kryshtab ◽  
H. A. Calderon ◽  
A. Kryvko
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

ABSTRACTThe microstructure of Ni-Mg-Al mixed oxides obtained by thermal decomposition of hydrotalcite-like compounds synthesized by a co-precipitation method has been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD patterns revealed the formation of NixMg1-xO (x=0÷1), α-Al2O3 and traces of MgAl2O4 and NiAl2O4 phases. The peaks profile analysis indicated a small grain size, microdeformations and partial overlapping of peaks due to phases with different, but similar interplanar spacings. The microdeformations point out the presence of dislocations and the peaks shift associated with the presence of excess vacancies. The use of atomic resolution TEM made it possible to identify the phases, directly observe dislocations and demonstrate the vacancies excess. Atomic resolution TEM is achieved by applying an Exit Wave Reconstruction procedure with 40 low dose images taken at different defocus. The current results suggest that vacancies of metals are predominant in MgO (NiO) crystals and that vacancies of Oxygen are predominant in Al2O3 crystals.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Sugarcane Bagasse Based Activated Carbon: Effect of Impregnation Ratio of ZnCl2

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Bishnu K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Methylene Blue Number ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Series of activated carbons (ACs) have been prepared from Sugarcane bagasse powder by ZnCl2 activation at various impregnation ratios of ZnCl2 to Sugarcane bagasse powder of 0.25:1, 0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1 by weight. Characteristics of the activated carbons (ACs) were determined by iodine number, methylene blue number, surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction. Iodine number (IN) indicated that, microporosity of the AC were increased with increasing impregnation ratio ZnCl2 to Sugarcane bagasse upto 1:1 then started to decrease. However, mesoporosity as well as surface area was increased progressively. The maximum value of iodine number (868 mg/g) was achieved in the AC prepared at impregnation ratio of ZnCl2 to sugarcane bagasse 1:1. SEM micrographs also show the presence of well developed pores on its surface of AC-1. The broad peaks in the XRD patterns indicated that, all the ACs is amorphous materials. From results, it is concluded that ZnCl2 concentration used in impregnation is effective for development of porosity and surface area of the AC prepared from Sugarcane bagasse.

Preparation and Characterization of Ionic Liquild Modified Clay and its Application in Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 1588-1592
Author(s):  
Li Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Solution Blending ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Poly Propylene

Clay was organically modified with one kind of ionic liquild. Organical clay obtained was used to prepare poly(propylene) (PP)/clay nanocomposites by solution blending. Flourier transform infrared (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the ionic liquild was loaded in the galleries of organically modified clay. TGA result show the thermal stability of organically modified clay was superior to clay. XRD patterns indicated that the d-spacing of clay layers increased to 2.96 nm from 1.22 nm of clay. XRD patterns of PP/clay nanocomposites show that clay layers were dispersed in PP matrix by nanometer size.

Structure Characterization of Sintered CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramic Reinforced with Spodumene

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Zi Fan Xiao ◽  
Jin Shu Cheng ◽  
Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
X Ray

A glass-ceramic belonging to the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAS) system with different composition of spodumene and doping the Li2O with amount between 0~2.5 % (mass fraction) were prepared by onestage heat treatment, under sintering and crystallization temperature at 1120 °C for two hours. In this paper, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and bending strength test were employed to investigate the microstructure and properties of all samples. β-wollastonite crystals were identified as the major crystalline phases, and increasing Li2O was found to be benefit for the crystallization and tiny crystalline phases remelting, resulting in the content of major crystalline phases increased first and then decreased with increasing the expense of spodumene. Meanwhile, the crystal size can be positively related with the content of Li2O. The preferable admixed dosage of spodumene can be obtained, besides the strength of glass-ceramics can be more than 90 MPa.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium with Titanium Oxide (Cd-TiO2) Nanocomposite: Testing its Antibacterial Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2523-2529
Author(s):  
Daniel Sam N ◽  
Anish C I ◽  
Sabeena G ◽  
Rajaduraipandian S ◽  
Manobala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Sol gel methods were used for the study of the antimicrobial activity of Cd-TiO2 against gram-negative and positive bacteria. These Cd-TiO2 have been characterized by various optical and techniques. They have been exhibited by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The structures of the various XRD patterns indicate that the product has a structure. The particle size of Cd-TiO2 is 35nm. The SEM images confirm the spherical appearance of the sample. The energy X-ray spectra have been confirmed as well and then C, O, Ti, Cd, Pt element are present in Cd-TiO2. The weight percentage of Cadmium is 5.8%, Ti is 51.03%, C is 5.13% and O is 31.75% in Cd-TiO2. BET image shows that the major pore size distribution of Cd-TiO2 is ranged from 2.24 nm. The Cd-TiO2 that the antibacterial activity when tested against the pathogens only gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas. The zone of minimum inhibition concentration was measured in a range of 20mm in 25μl and 30mm in 100μl.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan obtained from Pacific White Shrimp Shells and its in vitro Antifungal Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2515-2519
Author(s):  
Arnannit Kuyyogsuy
Keyword(s):  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

In this article, a method for the processing of chitosan from Pacific white shrimp shells is developed which involves three steps viz. demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The samples of chitosan with more than 90% degree of deacetylation (DD%) were obtained by FTIR. This indicated that the current processing method of shrimp shells was beneficial for chitosan production. The morphology of chitosan sample was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns exhibited two peaks of crystalline character approximately at 10º and 20º (2θ). The effect of 0.1% (w/v) of chitosan on the growth of Penicillium digitatum was tested by an in vitro assay and the results showed an almost complete inhibition (98% ± 0.56).

scholarly journals Fe2O3 Modified Physical, Structural and Optical Properties of Bismuth Silicate Glasses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Parmar ◽  
R. S. Kundu ◽  
R. Punia ◽  
N. Kishore ◽  
P. Aghamkar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Silicate Glasses ◽  
Bandgap Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bismuth Silicate ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Amorphous Nature ◽  
Optical Bandgap Energy

Iron-containing bismuth silicate glasses with compositions 60SiO2·(100−x)Bi2O3·xFe2O3 have been prepared by conventional melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the glass samples has been ascertained by the X-ray diffraction. The density (d) has been measured using Archimedes principle, molar volume (Vm) has also been estimated, and both are observed to decrease with the increase in iron content. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of these iron bismuth silicate glasses has been determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique, and it increases with the increase in Fe2O3 content. The IR spectra of these glasses consist mainly of [BiO6], [BiO3], and [SiO4] structural units. The optical properties are measured using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The optical bandgap energy (Eop) is observed to decrease with the increase in Fe2O3 content, whereas reverse trend is observed for refractive index.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Bis-aldehyde Monomers and Their Electrically Conductive Pristine Polyazomethines

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafeez ◽  
Zareen Akhter ◽  
John F. Gallagher ◽  
Nawazish Ali Khan ◽  
Asghari Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir

Bis-aldehyde monomers 4-(4′-formyl-phenoxy)benzaldehyde (3a), 3-methoxy-4-(4′-formyl-phenoxy)benzaldehyde (3b), and 3-ethoxy-4-(4′-formyl-phenoxy)benzaldehyde (3c) were synthesized by etherification of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1) with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2a), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2b), and 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2c), respectively. Each monomer was polymerized with p-phenylenediamine and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether to yield six poly(azomethine)s. Single crystal X-ray diffraction structures of 3b and 3c were determined. The structural characterization of the monomers and poly(azomethine)s was performed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Physicochemical properties of polymers were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), viscometry, UV–vis, spectroscopy and photoluminescence. These polymers were subjected to electrical conductivity measurements by the four-probe method, and their conductivities were found to be in the range 4.0 × 10−5 to 6.4 × 10−5 Scm−1, which was significantly higher than the values reported so far.

scholarly journals Structural and optical properties of AgCl-sensitized TiO2 (TiO2 @AgCl) prepared by a reflux technique under alkaline condition

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (370) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Mu’izayanti ◽  
H. Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Visible Light Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
Light Region ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Tio2 Rutile

Abstract The AgCl-sensitized TiO2 (TiO2@AgCl) has been prepared from the precursor of TiO2-rutile type which on its surface adsorb chloride anion (Cl-) and various amounts of silver using AgNO3 as starting material: AgNO3/(AgNO3+TiO2) mass ratio of 0.00, 1.14, 3.25, 6.38 and 10.32%. Reflux under alkaline condition was the employed technique. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy. The sample without the addition of AgNO3 was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and surface area analyzer. The morphology of the sample showed a distribution of microspheres of approximately 0.5 to 1.0 µm and the specific surface area was 68 m2/g. XRD patterns indicated that the sample without the addition of AgNO3 contained two types of TiO2: rutile (major) and anatase (minor), whereas the samples with the addition of AgNO3 consisted of one phase of AgCl and two types of TiO2: rutile and anatase. The bandgaps of the samples were in the range of 2.97 to 3.24 eV, which were very close to the bandgap of intrinsic TiO2 powder. The presence of 0.8, 2.6 and 4.4 wt% of AgCl in each sample resulted in an additional bandgap in visible light region of 1.90, 1.94 and 2.26 eV, respectively, whereas the presence of 9.4 wt% of AgCl in the sample resulted in two bandgaps in visible light region of 1.98 and 1.88 eV.

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