Electron Beam Welding of TZM Sheets

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 1865-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Stütz ◽  
Diogo Oliveira ◽  
Matthias Rüttinger ◽  
Nikolaus Reheis ◽  
Heinrich Kestler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Selection Of

In the scope of this work, 2 mm thick TZM sheet metal is butt welded by electron beam welding (EBW) without filler material and a systematic investigation of the most relevant welding parameters to improve the weld quality is conducted. With the aid of design of experiment (DoE), it is shown that with careful selection of the welding parameters it is possible to considerably reduce the size of the fusion zone and the heat affected zone and the grain size of both. Furthermore, the influence of the parameters on the quality of the weld and the characterizing values ultimate tensile strength and hardness of fusion zone is presented. It is concluded, which parameters influence the quality of the weld and suppress pores and cracks.

scholarly journals Multi-objective Optimization of Welding Parameters of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded AISI 904L Super Austenitic Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kondapalli Siva Prasad ◽  
Sailaja M ◽  
Ramji K
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Plasma Arc ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Grey Relational

In the present work, AISI 904L super austentic steel sheets of 0.4mm thick is butt welded using Micro Plasma Arc Welding. Welding input parameters like peak current, base current, pulse rate and pulse width are considered and output responses like fusion zone grain size, hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint are considered. 31 experiments are performed as per Central Composite Design (CCD) design matrix of Response Surface Method (RSM) by considering four factors and five levels of weld input parameters. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is carried out by minimizing fusion zone grain size and maximizing fusion zone hardness and ultimate tensile strength to find the optimal combination of weld input parameters.  The order of importance of weld input parameters are also identified and improvement in Grey Relational Grade was found.  

scholarly journals Influence of Welding Parameters On Grain Size, Haz and Degree of Dilution in 6063-t5 Alloy. Optimisation Through the Taguchi Method of the Gmaw Welding Process.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Meseguer Valdenebro ◽  
Eusebio José Martínez Conesa ◽  
Antonio Portoles
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Parameter ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Taguchi’S Method ◽  
Gmaw Welding ◽  
Made In

Abstract The aim of this work is to carry out the design of experiments that determine the influence of the welding parameters using Taguchi’s method on the grain size, HAZ, and the degree of dilution in 6063-T5 alloy. The welding process used is GMAW and the welding parameters are power, welding speed and bevel spacing. The study of the influence of the welding parameters on the measurements made in the welding (which are the size of heat affected zone, the degree of dilution, and the grain size) allows one to determine the quality of the joint . In addition, the welding parameter most influential in minimising the three measurements will be determined.

scholarly journals Development of Welding P92 Pipes Using the Reduced Pressure Electron Beam Welding Process for a Study of Creep Performance

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bagshaw ◽  
Chris Punshon ◽  
John Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Type Iv Cracking

Boiler and steam piping components in power plants are fabricated using creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels, which often operate at temperatures above 550°C. Modification of alloy content within these steels has produced better creep performance and higher operating temperatures, which increases the process efficiency of power plants. The improved materials, however, are susceptible to type IV cracking at the welded regions. A better understanding of type IV cracking in these materials is required and is the basis of the Technology Strategy Board (TSB) UK funded VALID (Verified Approaches to Life Management & Improved Design of High Temperature Steels for Advanced Steam Plants) project. In order to study the relationship between creep performance and heat input during welding, several welds with varying amounts of heat input and resultant HAZ widths were produced using the electron beam welding process. The welding parameters were developed with the aid of weld process modeling using the finite element (FE) method, in which the welding parameters were optimized to produce low, medium and high heat input welds. In this paper, the modeling approach and the development of electron beam welds in ASTM A387 grade P92 pipe material are presented. Creep specimens were extracted from the welded pipes and testing is ongoing. The authors acknowledge the VALID project partners, contributors and funding body: Air Liquide, Metrode, Polysoude, E.ON New Build & Technology Ltd, UKE.ON, Doosan, Centrica Energy, SSE, Tenaris, TU Chemnitz, The University of Nottingham, The Open University and UK TSB. Paper published with permission.

Microstructural Characterization and Tensile Behavior of TA1 Titanium Alloy Sheet Welded by Electron Beam Welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 1027 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Sen Dong Gu ◽  
Ji Peng Zhao ◽  
Rui Jie Ouyang ◽  
Yong Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction

In the present study, TA1 titanium alloy sheets with a thickness of 0.8mm were welded by electron beam welding. Microstructure of the welded region was investigated using optical microscope and electron backscattered diffraction. Then, the tensile test was conducted to analyse the tensile behavior of the welded sheets as well as the fractography of the fracture surfaces. It is shown that the mean grain size in the heat-affected zone is smaller than that in the fusion zone and base material. The strength of the base metal is lower than that of the fusion zone and heat-affected zone. The average values of the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the tensile specimens are 224MPa, 335MPa and 35%, respectively. In addition, the tensile specimens of the welded sheets suffer both ductile and brittle deformation during the tensile tests.

A novel Nb superconducting joint with ultralow resistance fabricated by electron beam welding method for superconducting gravimeter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zili Zhang ◽  
Xing Huang ◽  
Chunyan Cui ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Feifei Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Structural Geology ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Superconducting Gravimeter ◽  
Superconducting Gravimeters ◽  
Maximum Stability ◽  
Grain Misorientation ◽  
Low Drift

Abstract This paper presents a novel Nb superconducting joint with an ultralow resistance of 7.9 × 10-16 Ω, fabricated using the electron beam welding (EBW) method. After the EBW process, the two Nb filaments formed a single joint with a much larger grain size and smaller grain misorientation. More importantly, the resistance of the EBW Nb joint was nearly one magnitude lower than that of most conventional pressing joint. The ultralow resistance is essential for superconducting gravimeters, which require an extremely low drift rate. The EBW Nb joint allowed the superconducting gravimeter to have a much better performance when applied in the field of structural geology, geodesy, microgravity, and metrology. We believe that the EBW method could be one of the most promising joint fabrication methods for achieving maximum stability (less than 1 μgal/yr).

Influence of Electron Beam Technological Movements on Aluminium Alloy AW2099 Welded Joints Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 994 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Ján Urminský ◽  
Milan Marônek ◽  
Jozef Bárta ◽  
Michaela Lopatková ◽  
Róbert Hrušecký
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Porosity Formation ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Current Focusing ◽  
Acceleration Voltage ◽  
Beam Oscillation

The electron beam welding (EBW) parameters have significant influence on weld surface appearance and porosity formation. Besides basic welding parameters, such as acceleration voltage, welding current, focusing current and welding speed, the beam oscillation during EBW plays an important role in weld metal formation and directly impacts the final welded joints properties. The influence of technological movements during EBW on the properties of aluminium-lithium alloy welded joints was studied. The same frequency and different amplitude as well as same amplitude and different frequency were chosen. The other welding parameters were constant.

A Study of the Influence of Electron Beam Welding Defects on Fracture Processes in Titanium Alloys

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
V.V. Grigoriev ◽  
V.I. Muravyev ◽  
P.V. Bakhmatov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Welding Defects ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loads

The appearance of pores when welding titanium has been extensively studied by domestic and foreign researchers, but there has been no consensus on the causes and conditions of pore formation to date. An overview of advances in the studies of pore formation showed that the problem of formation of the macropores, reaching 0.1 mm was investigated by A.A. Erokhin, V.V. Frolov, G.D. Nikiforov, S.M. Gurevich, V.N. Locks, V.I. Muravyev, B.I. Dolotov, P.V. Bakhmatov et al. The advent of modern x-ray machines in the technological control of permanent joints made by electron beam welding has enabled researchers to detect a specific defect — the so-called dark bands, which make it difficult to assess the quality of permanent connections due to the absence of this defect in the normative and technical documentation. Determining the causes of specific defects and their effect on the properties of titanium alloy structures made by electron beam welding is an important task. This paper presents the results of studies investigating the effect of specific defects of electron beam welding of titanium alloys VT20, VT23 on the nature of destruction under static and dynamic loads and changes in the mechanical properties of the welded joints. It is established that specific defects occurred during electron beam welding have a significant impact on the strength properties of welded joints, as well as on the stages of their destruction. It is determined that the presence of such welding defects as lack of penetration, residual stresses and pores in the fusion zone, expulsion without bonding, etc. contribute to the formation of sub-micropores that lead to brittle destruction of welded joints. The presence of specific defects in permanent joints made by electron beam welding leads to decreased strength properties and to nearly complete absence of such characteristics as elongation and contraction. It is established that heat treatment improves the quality of welded joints.

Comparison of microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stresses in tungsten inert gas, laser, and electron beam welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn titanium alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1351
Author(s):  
Massab Junaid ◽  
Khalid Rahman ◽  
Fahd Nawaz Khan ◽  
Nabi Bakhsh ◽  
Mirza Nadeem Baig
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
High Power ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Zone Width

Electron beam welding (EBW), pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding (P-LBW), and pulsed tungsten inert gas (P-TIG) welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn alloy were performed in order to prepare full penetration weldments. Owing to relatively high power density of EBW and LBW, the fusion zone width of EBW weldment was approximately equal to P-LBW weldment. The absence of shielding gas due to vacuum environment in EBW was beneficial to the joint quality (low oxide contents). However, less cooling rates were achieved compared to P-LBW as an increase in heat-affected zone width and partial α′ martensitic transformation in fusion zone were observed in EBW weldments. The microstructure in fusion zone in both the EBW and P-TIG weldments comprised of both acicular α and α′ martensite within the prior β grains. Hardness of the fusion zone in EBW was higher than the fusion zone of P-TIG but less than the fusion zone of P-LBW weldments due to the observed microstructural differences. Notch tensile specimen of P-LBW showed higher load capacity, ductility and absorbed energy as compared to P-TIG and EBW specimens due to the presence of high strength α′ martensite phase. Maximum sheet distortions and tensile residual stresses were observed in P-TIG weldments due to high overall heat input. The lowest residual stresses were found in P-LBW weldments, which were tensile in nature. This was owing to high power density and higher cooling rates in P-LBW operation. EBW weldment exhibited the highest compressive residual stresses due to which the service life of EBW weldment is expected to improve.

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