Biomimetic Bone-Like Apatite Coating on Anodised Titanium in Simulated Body Fluid under UV Irradiation

Low temperature deposition techniques of bioceramics coatings are now being researched and developed to avoid deficiencies inherent in high temperature techniques. Biomimetic coatings is a solution-based method conducted at ambient temperature to deposit bioactive coatings on the surface. The current study aims to investigate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the coating of bone-like apatite on the anodised surface. High purity titanium foils were anodised with an applied voltage of 350 V, current density of 70 mA.cm-2 in mixture of 0.04 M β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP) and 0.4 M calcium acetate (CA) for 10 min. After anodic oxidation, UV light treatment was conducted in pH-adjusted distilled water for 12 hours with ultraviolet light A (UVA) irradiation. Subsequently, the UV-treated anodised titanium foils were soaked in SBF for 7 days with/without UVA irradiation. After SBF immersion for 7 days, anodised titanium with combination of UV light treatment and UV irradiation during in vitro testing was fully covered by highly crystalline bone-like apatite at maximal thickness of 2.8 μm. This occurred mainly due to the formation of large amounts of Ti-OH groups which act as nucleation sites for bone-like apatite. This study also revealed that UV irradiation during in vitro testing is superior in promoting growth of bone-like apatite compared to UV light treatment. The suggested mechanism for bone-like apatite formation on anodised titanium under different UV irradiation conditions is illustrated in this article. The findings of this study indicated that biomimetic bone-like apatite coating with assistance of UV irradiation is an effective method in accelerating the formation of bone-like apatite.

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Effect of UV Wavelength on Apatite Formation of Anodised Titanium

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.465 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1125 ◽

pp. 465-469

Author(s):

Te Chuan Lee ◽

Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah ◽

Maizlinda Izwana Idris

Keyword(s):

Uv Light ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Disodium Salt ◽

Light Illumination ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Oh Groups ◽

Novel Method ◽

Titanium Foils

A novel method to accelerate the apatite formation on the anodised titanium is proposed in this article. The processing was composed of two steps which were UV light treatment after anodic oxidation, and UV light illumination during soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). This study aims to investigate the effect of different UV wavelengths during SBF on the apatite formation of anodised titanium. The titanium foils were anodised in mixture of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP) and calcium acetate monohydrate (CA). Subsequently, the anodised titanium foils were pre-treated with UV light. In vitro was conducted by illuminating with different wavelengths of UV light (254nm and 365nm) in SBF. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to characterise the surface morphology and crystallinity of anodised titanium. The results showed that donut-shaped pores with anatase/rutile phases were formed on the surface of anodised titanium. Apart from that, the UV light treatment did change the chemical properties of anodised titanium by producing more •OH groups. After UV light illumination in SBF for 1 week, the anodised titanium foils were fully covered by bone-like apatite.

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Characterisation and In Vitro Bioactivity of UV-Treated Anodised Titanium

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.450 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1125 ◽

pp. 450-454

Author(s):

Te Chuan Lee ◽

M.F.M. Rathi ◽

M.Y.Z. Abidin ◽

Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah ◽

Maizlinda Izwana Idris

Keyword(s):

Surface Properties ◽

Uv Light ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Ceramic Coatings ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Disodium Salt ◽

X Ray ◽

Ceramic Films ◽

Titanium Foils

Anodic oxidation is an electrochemical method for the production of ceramic films on a metallic substrate. It has been widely used to deposit the ceramic coatings on the metals surface. Recently, ultraviolet (UV) light treatment is gaining recognition as a new potential surface treatment method. This study aims to investigate the effect of UV light treatment on the surface properties and in vitro bioactivity of anodised titanium. At first, the titanium foils were anodised in mixture of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP) and calcium acetate monohydrate (CA). Subsequently, the anodised titanium was pre-treated with UVA lamp (peak wavelength of 365 nm) and immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and goniometer were used to characterise the surface properties, crystallinity and surface wettability of untreated titanium (UT), anodised titanium (AT) and UV-treated anodised titanium (UTAT). UTAT became more hydrophilic if compared to the UAT. The result of SBF showed that bone-like apatite was precipitated on the surface of UTAT. The results indicated that hydrophilic surface is able to accelerate the growth of bone-like apatite.

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Effect of UV Light Treatment Condition on Apatite Formation of Anodised Titanium

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.460 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1125 ◽

pp. 460-464

Author(s):

Te Chuan Lee ◽

Maizlinda Izwana Idris ◽

Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Treatment Condition ◽

Uv Light ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Disodium Salt ◽

Alkaline Condition ◽

Light Illumination ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Water Ph ◽

Uv Lamp ◽

Titanium Foils

A novel method to accelerate the apatite formation on the anodised titanium is proposed in this article. The processing was composed of two steps which were UV light treatment after anodic oxidation, and UV light illumination during simulated body fluid (SBF). This study aims to investigate the effect of UV light treatment condition on the apatite formation of anodised titanium. The titanium foils were anodised in mixture of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP) and calcium acetate monohydrate (CA). UV light treatment was conducted in pH-adjusted distilled water (pH 1, 4, 7 and 11) for 12 hours. Next, SBF was carried out by illuminating with UV lamp for 1 week. Anodised titanium foils were characterised by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and goniometer. The results showed that donut-shaped were formed on the surface of anodised titanium. The surface of anodised titanium became more hydrophilic after UV-treated in acidic and alkaline condition. After UV light illumination in SBF for 1 week, the anodised titanium foils which UV-treated in acidic condition presented more crystalline bone-like apatite on the surface.

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Improved in vitro quality of stored red blood cells upon oxygen reduction prior to riboflavin/UV light treatment of whole blood

Transfusion ◽

10.1111/trf.15485 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (10) ◽

pp. 3197-3204

Author(s):

Peter Schubert ◽

Brankica Culibrk ◽

Deborah Chen ◽

Katherine Serrano ◽

Elena Levin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Oxygen Reduction ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Uv Light ◽

Light Treatment

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In Vitro Apatite Formation on Polymer Substrates Irradiated by the Simultaneous Use of Oxygen Cluster and Monomer Ion Beams

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1020-gg07-10 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1020 ◽

Author(s):

Masakazu Kawashita ◽

Rei Araki ◽

Gikan H Takaoka

Keyword(s):

Functional Groups ◽

Silicone Rubber ◽

Silicon Oxide ◽

Ion Beams ◽

Phosphate Solution ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Oh Groups ◽

Oxygen Cluster ◽

Simultaneous Use

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) and silicone rubber substrates were irradiated at an acceleration voltage of 7kV and a dose of 1×1015 ions/cm2 by the simultaneous use of oxygen cluster and monomer ion beams, and then soaked in CaCl2 solution. Apatite-forming ability of the substrates was examined using a metastable calcium phosphate solution that had 1.5 times the ion concentrations of a normal simulated body fluid (1.5SBF). After the irradiation, the hydrophilic functional groups such as COOH and silicon oxide cluster (SiOx) were formed at the PE and silicone rubber surfaces, respectively. The hydrophilicity of the substrates was remarkably improved by the irradiation. The irradiated PE and silicone rubber substrates formed apatite in 1.5SBF, whereas unirradiated ones did not form it. These results suggest that the functional groups such as COOH groups and Si-OH groups induced apatite nucleation in 1.5SBF.

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Characterisation and Wettability Properties of Anodised Titanium in Sulphuric Acid for Biomedical Application

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.170 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 840 ◽

pp. 170-174

Author(s):

Mohamad Ali Selimin ◽

Maizlinda Izwana Idris ◽

Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Anodic Oxidation ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Uv Light ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Anodic Oxidation Method ◽

Uv C

Anodic oxidation is an effective method to modify the smooth surface (bioinert) of titanium to rough or porous surface (bioactive) to be able the titanium to be used as artificial implant in biomedical. In this study, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light treatment on anodised titanium in various UV light treatment conditions is evaluated. Anodised titanium was prepared using traditional anodic oxidation method in 0.3 M of sulphuric acid (H2SO4). The anodised titanium was modified by using 100 V of applied voltage with constant 75 mA.cm-2 current density for 10 min of oxidation process at room temperature. After anodic oxidation, the anodised titanium undergoes UV light treatment under different wavelength and soaking duration in distilled water. The anodised titanium films were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Contact angle goniometer was used to determine the wettability properties of UV light treated anodised titanium. From this study, the UV light treatment affect the wettability properties of the anodised titanium without changing it physical properties. The UV-C (365 nm) of UV light wavelength with 4 hours soaking duration produced better hydrophilic properties. This will leads better apatite formation ability when soak in simulated body fluid for bioactivity test.

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Control of Cell Adhesion on Titanium Dioxide by Light Irradiation

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2507 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 941 ◽

pp. 2507-2512

Author(s):

Masato Ueda ◽

Rika Yamaguchi ◽

Chika Fujita ◽

Masahiko Ikeda

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Uv Light ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Continuous Light ◽

Light Irradiation ◽

Culture Vessel ◽

Back Side ◽

Titanium Tetraisopropoxide ◽

Oh Groups

Several techniques have been employed to attach/detach cells to/from a substrate. Cells cultured on a substrate are generally detached from the substrate into a sheet by the destruction of protein between the cells and the substrate using enzymes such as trypsin. However, the enzymes also damage the adhesion molecules among the cells. TiO2 is an n-type semiconductor with an energy band gap of 3.0-3.2 eV, which displays a photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV) light. The purpose of this work was to fabricate photo-responsive cell culture vessel using TiO2 film and to investigate adhesion behaviour of cells on it. TiO2 films were prepared on SiO2 plates by a sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide. Primary osteoblasts were seeded on the vessels and then incubated at 37 °C. During the incubation, UV irradiation was performed continuously from back-side of the vessels. Basically the number of cells monotonically increased with incubation periods under darkness. Previous light irradiation promoted the cell adhesion on the surface. The formation of Ti-OH groups on the TiO2 seems to be facilitated by the UV irradiation. In contrast, the cells decreased under continuous light irradiation. The cells were not exposed to UV in the vessels since it was completely absorbed by the TiO2 layer. It might be due to generated photocurrent or hydroxyl radicals on the TiO2 surface. These results imply that the adhesion/proliferation/detachment behaviours of cells can be controlled by the photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 and the irradiation patterns.

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Acceleration of Apatite Nucleation on Parallel Aligned Ti-Substrates with Optimum Gaps by UV-Light Pre-Irradiation

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.936 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 493-494 ◽

pp. 936-939

Author(s):

Satoshi Hayakawa ◽

Keita Uetsuki ◽

Akinori Kochi ◽

Yuki Shirosaki ◽

Akiyoshi Osaka

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽

Uv Light ◽

Pure Water ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Oh Groups ◽

X Ray ◽

Ultra Pure Water ◽

Spatial Design

A recently developed “GRAPE® technology” provides titanium or titanium alloy implants with spontaneous apatite-forming ability in vitro, which requires properly designed gaps and optimum heat treatment in air. In this study, pure titanium pieces were thermally oxidized in air and pre-irradiated by UV-light under different environmental conditions such as in air or in ultra-pure water before aligning pairs of specimens in the GRAPE® set-up, i.e., two pieces of titanium substrates were aligned parallel to each other with optimum gap width (spatial design). Then, they were soaked in Kokubo’s simulated body fluid (SBF, pH7.4, 36.5°C) for 1-2 days to clarify how the UV-light pre-irradiation affects the in vitro apatite nucleation on the substrates under the specific spatial design. UV-light pre-irradiation in water led to the deposition of a large number of apatite particles within 1 day, and showed apatite X-ray diffraction, although UV-light pre-irradiation in air and non-pretreated specimens gave the deposition of a few apatite particles and did not show any apatite X-ray diffraction. These results indicated that the rate of primary heterogeneous nucleation of apatite increased by UV-light pre-irradiation in ultra-pure water. TF-XRD patterns of the surface of the substrates thermally oxidized in air at 500°C showed the peak at 2θ = 27º assignable to the 110 diffraction of rutile phase of titanium dioxide (ICDD-JCPDS data #21-1276). Previous studies reported that the primary heterogeneous nucleation must be induced by Ti-OH groups on titanium oxide layer. Probably, the UV-light pre-irradiation in ultra-pure water can increase the number of Ti-OH groups on the surface, resulting in accelerated primary heterogeneous nucleation of apatite.

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