Development of Nano Modified Eco-Friendly Green Binders for Sustainable Construction Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamada Shoukry
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

Cement manufacturing, which is partially responsible for environmental and health risks as well as the greenhouse gas emissions, is a binder industry that needs energy and raw material. To decrease the needing, this study develops nano-modified eco-friendly cementitious composites including industrial solid wastes and/or by-products. For this purpose, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with 70 wt% of fly ash (FA), Nano metakaolin (NMK) was incorporated at a rate of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 % as partial replacement by weight of FA to take advantage of the great role of nano materials in improving the mechanical and physical properties of cement based materials. Compressive strength, flexural strength, and capillary water absorption coefficient have been studied at 28 days of curing according to the international ASTM standards. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to study the phase composition/decomposition. The microstructure characteristics of the hardened samples were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive analytical x-ray unit (EDAX). The results revealed that the partial replacement of cement by 70% of FA has reduced both compressive and flexural strengths by about 45% in addition; the water absorption has been increased by about 175% as compared to the OPC. The replacement of FA by different amounts of NMK compensate for the loss in strength by about 75%. Furthermore, NMK has considerably improved the microstructure and reduced the water absorption by 86%. The study concluded that, it is possible to substitute 70% of the weight of the cement in the production of eco-friendly cementitious composites with improved mechanical performance attaining 88% of the corresponding performance of the hydrated OPC. The developed composites can be considered as green binders and recommended for various applications in construction industry.

scholarly journals Comparison of mechanical properties of geopolymers from different raw materials with the addition of waste glass

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-261
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths

The combustion of fossil fuels results in creating a lot of solid wastes such as fly ash and slag. However, these environmentally unfriendly materials can be used as a raw material for alkali activation – geopolymerization. Although these wastes have been successfully used in industrial production for several decades, its use does not achieve the level of its potential. Today, to achieve a sustainable construction industry, alternative cement has been extensively investigated. Geopolymer (GP) is a kind of material that is obtained from the alkaline activator, and it can be produced from industrial wastes or by-products. The aim of this work was to describe the improvement of mechanical properties of alkali-activated binders – geopolymers made of fly ash and blast furnace slag. The effect of the addition of waste glass in three different values feed into fly ash or GGBFS, and its impact on mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strengths) of geopolymers was examined. The highest value of compressive strength was achieved with 20% waste glass addition to a fly ash sample on 90th day 58,9 MPa. The waste glass was added in the form of broken and crushed glass particles.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Cement Kiln Dust as a Partial Replacement of Cement on The Mechanical Properties of Concrete: Review and Modelling

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Nawdar Sabir Faraj ◽  
Mahdi Osman Hassun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Kiln Dust ◽  
Proper Disposal ◽  
Curing Age

There have been many efforts in reusing Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), a by-product of cement manufacturing, in various areas of civil works. These efforts have been made due to the necessity of the material for proper disposal, because of its very fine texture and the fact that if not handled properly, it will be harmful to human health and the environment. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of incorporating CKD in concrete as an approach of reusing it. In the current study, the effect of using cement kiln dust on the mechanical properties of concrete as a partial replacement of cement was reviewed. The investigated mechanical properties were compressive strength for the curing ages of 7 and 28 days and tensile and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, and water absorption for the curing age of 28 days. It was concluded that replacing cement with CKD leads to detrimental effects on all mechanical properties of concrete. There were sufficient amount of data to establish correlations between the amount of cement replacement with CKD, and its effect on all mechanical properties of concrete except for water absorption. Regression analyses were performed and model equations with acceptably high R2s were prepared. The optimal CKD content regarding all mechanical properties was concluded to be 10% by the cement weight, at which 7 and 28 days compressive strengths, 28 days tensile and flexural strengths, and elastic modulus decreased by amounts of 11%, 12%, 8%, 9%, and 8% respectively.

scholarly journals Properties of cold-bonded lightweight artificial aggregate containing bottom ash with different curing regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Khairul Nizar Ismail ◽  
Roshazita Che Amat ◽  
Mohamad Iqbal Mohamad Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Curing Regime ◽  
Aggregate Impact Value

Cold-bonded pelletizing technique is frequently used in aggregate manufacturing process as it can minimise the energy consumption. It has contributed to both economical and environmental advantages because it helps to reduce the gas emissions problems. Bottom ash collected from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant was selected as raw material in this study and was utilised as a partial replacement for cement for artificial aggregate production. Several percentage of ash replacement was selected ranged from 10 to 50%. Aggregate pellets were subjected to different types of curing condition which is room-water (RW), room-room (RR), oven-room (OR) and oven-water (OW) condition. Properties of aggregate pellets were examined to obtain its density, water absorption, aggregate impact value (AIV) and specific gravity (SG). The results indicated that the most efficient curing regime is by exposing the aggregate in RW condition. The optimum aggregate was selected at 20% where it has satisfied the required density of 739.5kg/m3, and classified as strong aggregate with AIV 14. However, the water absorption of aggregate increased proportionately with the increment of ash content.

scholarly journals Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Pavement Derived from Palm Oil Eco Processed Pozzolan (EPP) Material as Partial Cement Replacement

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Nurul Farhanah Mohd Kusaimi ◽  
Fazlena Hamzah ◽  
Junaidah Jai ◽  
Nurul Asyikin Md Zaki ◽  
Norliza Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Bleaching Earth ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties

Eco Processed Pozzolan (EPP) is derived from Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) by the calcination process via heat treatment in the palm oil refining industry. EPP can be used as a partial replacement of cement as it contains a high amount of silica and has pozzolanic properties. Besides its properties, the sustainable production of EPP in the palm oil industry, abundantly available, and cheaper raw material have opened an opportunity to explore it as a cement substitute in pavement industries. This research aimed to study the properties of pozzolanic EPP and discover its potential as a partial substitute of cement in the pavement block's development. The compressive strength and water absorption of the formulated pavement block using EPP were analyzed in this study. Two sets of paving blocks were developed, namely, Set A, EPP was added as a partial replacement of the cement in pavement formulation at 20% - 90%, while in Set B, integration of EPP and Fly Ash (FA) was used as a partial replacement of the cement. The results indicated that the maximum addition of EPP into pavement formulation was 20%. The increment of EPP as a cement substitute in a formulation of more than 20% has reduced the compressive strength and increased the water absorption of the pavement. Simultaneously, the addition of FA and EPP in the formulation of hybrid pavement in Set B shows that the addition of FA has improved the compressive strength of the pavement and less water absorption was detected. The pavement’s highest compressive strength by addition of FA was 36MPa at the EPP was added of 15 – 20%. The study indicated that EPP could be used as a partial substitute of the cement, but addition of FA might require to improve pavement compressive strength.

scholarly journals Influence of Sawdust Particle Sizes on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unfired Clay Blocks

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jannat ◽  
Rafal Latif Al-Mufti ◽  
Aseel Hussien ◽  
Badr Abdullah ◽  
Alison Cotgrave
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Capillary Water Absorption ◽  
The Impact

Sawdust, which is a waste/by-product of the wood/timber industry, can be utilised as a valuable raw material in building material production due to its abundance and low cost. However, the application of sawdust in the manufacture of unfired clay blocks has received little investigation. Furthermore, the impact of different sawdust particle sizes on the properties of unfired clay blocks has not been studied. Therefore, this study screened sawdust at three different particle sizes: SP-a (212 μm < x < 300 μm), SP-b (425 μm < x < 600 μm) and SP-c (1.18 mm < x < 2.00 mm), to examine their effects on the physical and mechanical properties of unfired clay blocks. The density, linear shrinkage, capillary water absorption and flexural and compressive strengths were among the tests performed. Different sawdust percentages, i.e., 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of the total weight of the clay, were considered. The tests results show that when sawdust was added to the mixture, the density of the samples reduced for all particle sizes. However, the linear shrinkage increased in SP-a samples but decreased in the other two particle size samples as the sawdust percentage increased from 2.5% to 10%. On the other hand, the capillary water absorption coefficient increased while the strength decreased with increasing sawdust content for all three groups. The highest compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) were achieved at 2.5% of sawdust content. Furthermore, it was observed that SP-b (CS—4.74 MPa, FS—2.00 MPa) samples showed the highest strength followed by SP-a (CS—4.09 MPa, FS—1.69 MPa) and SP-c (CS—3.90 MPa, FS—1.63 MPa) samples. Consequently, good-quality unfired clay blocks can be manufactured using sawdust up to 2.5% with particle sizes ranging between 600 and 425 μm.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PEAT WATER ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL AND FLY ASH BASED CONCRETE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Yulin Patrisia ◽  
Topan Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Coconut Shells

This study aimed to determine the influence of peat water on the mechanical properties of the paving block (compressive strength and water absorption) using coconut shell waste and fly ash as raw material. The background of the research were the lack utilization of fly ash, preparation for the handling and utilization of fly ash from power station at Pulang Pisau and Tumbang Kajuei (under construction), and the utilization of coconut shell to be more effective and economical. Paving block specimens were immersed in peat water to determine the effect of peat water and the rest were immersed in plain water. This experiment used fly ash as a partial replacement of cement and 2% coconut shell as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. The results of the analysis showed that: (a) Paving block using fly ash and coconut shells which were immersed in plain water experienced the increase in compressive strength and the decrease in water; (b) Paving block using fly ash and coconut shells soaked in peat water showed that by the increase of age, compressive strength was decrease and water absorption was increase; (c) The compressive strength of paving block specimens immersed in plain water and peat water showed relatively similar values at 7 and 28 days age, (d). Water absorption in paving block specimens soaked both in plain water and peat water showed relatively similar values at 7 days age, but at 28 days age the specimens immersed in peat water had greater water absorption.

scholarly journals Sustainable Valorisation of Silane-Treated Waste Glass Powder in Concrete Pavement

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4949
Author(s):  
Mazen J. Al-Kheetan ◽  
Juliana Byzyka ◽  
Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Waste Glass Powder ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths

This research presents new insights into the utilisation of waste glass powder in concrete pavements. Two different types of glass powder were used as a partial replacement for sand: 10% neat glass powder (untreated) and 10% silane-treated glass powder. The interfacial bonding properties, physical properties, and mechanical properties of concrete pavement were assessed at 7 and 28 days. Results exposed a reduction of 5% and 2% in the compressive and flexural strengths, respectively, and an increase of 15% in water absorption after the addition of neat glass powder to concrete after 7 days of curing. This is due to weak interfacial bonding between the glass powder and cementitious matrix. However, the incorporation of silane-coated glass powder led to an increase in the compressive and flexural strengths by more than 22% and 28%, respectively, and reduced the water absorption of concrete by 8%, due to the coupling functionality of silane. After 28 days of curing, the compressive strength of concrete increased by 15% and 22% after the addition of neat glass powder and silane-treated glass powder, respectively. In addition, water absorption dropped by 5% and 7% after the incorporation of neat glass powder and silane-treated glass powder.

Recycling Dam Sediments for the Elaboration of Stabilized Blocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Nezha Gueffaf ◽  
Bahia Rabehi ◽  
Khaled Boumchedda
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Through this work we propose one of the solutions that allow us to recycle dam sediments as a potential raw material for the development of stabilized soil blocks. For the stabilization of the prepared samples, different percentages of cement and lime were chosen respectively (0, 6, 8, 10 and 15%), (0, 5, 8 and 10%). Different compaction pressures 2, 5 and 7MPa are used. The tests carried out showed very interesting results on the mechanical strength for specimens stabilized with cement up to 8.32MPa for 15% and 5.67MPa for 10% of lime at 7MPa compaction. The obtained water absorption coefficient is about 2.6 for 15% cement and 4.04% for 10% lime; however a thermal conductivity of specimens with cement and lime is about 1.06 and 0.731W/m.k, respectively.

The Role of Nano-SiO2 Addition in the Mechanical Properties of RHA Composite Cement Mortars

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sadrmomtazi ◽  
A. Fasihi
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths

This paper presents a laboratory study on the properties of rice husk ash (RHA) cement composite mortars incorporating nano-SiO2. Different amounts of nano-SiO2 (0%, 1%, 3% and 5%) were incorporated into the mortars with 20% replacement of RHA. The compressive and flexural strengths of mortars were tested at 7, 28, 60 and 90 days. The water absorption test carried out at 28 days. The drying shrinkage of mortars was measured up to the age of 42 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation also conducted to evaluate the effect of nano-SiO2 on microstructure of cement paste containing RHA. Incorporating nano-SiO2 into RHA mortars significantly improved the mechanical strength and water absorption properties of the products. Nano-SiO2 increased the drying shrinkage of RHA mortars. SEM analysis showed that nano-SiO2 improved the microstructure of RHA pastes on dense and compact form.

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