Self Configuration of a Novel Miniature Ultrasonic Linear Motor

2006 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Maik Mracek ◽  
Tobias Hemsel ◽  
Piotr Vasiljev ◽  
Jörg Wallaschek
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Linear Superposition ◽  
Ultrasonic Motors ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Small Force ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Motor

Rotary ultrasonic motors have found broad industrial application in camera lens drives and other systems. Linear ultrasonic motors in contrast have only found limited applications. The main reason for the limited range of application of these very attractive devices seems to be their small force and power range. Attempts to build linear ultrasonic motors for high forces and high power applications have not been truly successful yet. To achieve drives, larger force and higher power, and multiple miniaturized motors can be combined. This approach, however, is not as simple as it appears at first glance. The electromechanical behavior of individual motors differs slightly due to manufacturing and assembly tolerances. Individual motor characteristics are strongly dependent on the driving parameters (frequency, voltage, temperature, pre-stress, etc.) and the driven load and the collective behavior of the swarm of motors is not just the linear superposition of the individual drive’s forces.

Dynamics and Bifurcations in Networks Designed for Frequency Conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2130037
Author(s):  
Visarath In ◽  
Antonio Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Complex Signals ◽  
Multiple Frequencies ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Parallel Arrays ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Down Conversion

This article reviews recent progress in signal frequency up-conversion and down-conversion, both theory and experiments with network implementations. The fundamental idea is to exploit the inherent symmetry of networks to produce collective behavior in which certain oscillators tend to oscillate at different frequencies. This concept is significantly different from other techniques, e.g. master-slave systems, in the sense that the collective behavior arises naturally from the mutual interactions of the individual units, and without any external forcing. In this manuscript, we present a comprehensive review of the basic ideas, methods, and experiments of the symmetry-based phenomenon of frequency conversion. In addition, we present a review of a device implementation of a broad spectrum analyzer, which motivated the development of systematic methods to up- and down-convert frequencies of oscillations. This device is made up of large parallel arrays of analog nonlinear oscillators with the ability to receive complex signals containing multiple frequencies and instantaneously lock-on or respond to a received signal in a few oscillation cycles.

An Arthropod Muscle Innervated by Nine Excitatory Motor Neurones

1980 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE E. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Motor Neurone ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Motor Neurones ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Individual Motor ◽  
Indirect Stimulation

The anatomical and physiological organization of the locust metathoracic flexor tibiae was examined by a combination of intracellular recording and electron microscopy. Nine excitatory motor neurones, three fast, three intermediate and three slow innervate the muscle; each is uniquely identifiable using a combination of physiological response and soma location. A simple spatial distribution of inputs to the muscle from the individual motor neurones was not found. Individual muscle fibres responded to as many as seven of the motor neurones in various combinations. The muscle fibres are heterogeneous, ranging from slow (tonic) to fast (phasic) in a continuum from predominantly phasic proximally to tonicdistally. This is demonstrated by contraction and relaxation rates to directand indirect stimulation, as well as contraction elicited by action potentials in a single flexor motor neurone. The fast and slow contractile properties of the muscle fibres are matched by appropriate ultrastructures. Such a high degree of complexity of neuromuscular innervation as that found in the metathoracic flexor tibiae has not previously been described for an arthropod muscle.

scholarly journals Structural features of complex hydrochemical systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
Olga Shevtsova
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
The Individual

The set of non-conservative hydrochemical parameters is considered as a complex system, which displays collective behavior. It is found that the collective behavior is described by the power relation between the time variability (the standard deviations) and the average concentrations of different hydrochemical parameters in the scale range 100 – 0:0001 mg/kg. The exponent can be 0:7 – 0:9. Power law scaling is the mathematical expression of self similarity and fractality. The complex systems of nonconservative chemical parameters have a structure that can be characterized by exponent, normalization coefficient, standard error, correlation coefficient, and by sharp deviations of the individual parameters from the regression line and from the most probable average and standard deviation values, if any. It is shown with specific examples that changes in the hydrochemical systems structure are the result of the manifestation of biogeochemical processes and the dynamics of water. Regression analysis of collective behavior of complex hydrochemical systems is one of the examples of the use of modern information technologies based on the methods of system analysis.

Evidences for Circadian Rhythmicity in the per° Mutant of Drosophila melanogaster

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1335-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Helfrich ◽  
Wolfgang Engelmann
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Central Clock ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Per Gene ◽  
Oscillator Theory

per° Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster which are exposed to light-dark cycles (LD) with different Zeitgeber period (T) have a limited range of entrainment. Entrained flies show a characteristic phase relationship of activity to the LD which depends on the period of the driving cycle as expected by oscillator theory. Both facts are taken as evidence that per° possesses endogenous oscillators and that the per gene product is not concerned with central clock structures but rather might be responsible for the mutual coupling between the individual oscillators in a multioscillatory system controlling locomotor activity.

scholarly journals Conformity in the collective: differences in hunger affect individual and group behavior in a shoaling fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 968-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D M Wilson ◽  
Alicia L J Burns ◽  
Emanuele Crosato ◽  
Joseph Lizier ◽  
Mikhail Prokopenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Collective Motion ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distances

Abstract Animal groups are often composed of individuals that vary according to behavioral, morphological, and internal state parameters. Understanding the importance of such individual-level heterogeneity to the establishment and maintenance of coherent group responses is of fundamental interest in collective behavior. We examined the influence of hunger on the individual and collective behavior of groups of shoaling fish, x-ray tetras (Pristella maxillaris). Fish were assigned to one of two nutritional states, satiated or hungry, and then allocated to 5 treatments that represented different ratios of satiated to hungry individuals (8 hungry, 8 satiated, 4:4 hungry:satiated, 2:6 hungry:satiated, 6:2 hungry:satiated). Our data show that groups with a greater proportion of hungry fish swam faster and exhibited greater nearest neighbor distances. Within groups, however, there was no difference in the swimming speeds of hungry versus well-fed fish, suggesting that group members conform and adapt their swimming speed according to the overall composition of the group. We also found significant differences in mean group transfer entropy, suggesting stronger patterns of information flow in groups comprising all, or a majority of, hungry individuals. In contrast, we did not observe differences in polarization, a measure of group alignment, within groups across treatments. Taken together these results demonstrate that the nutritional state of animals within social groups impacts both individual and group behavior, and that members of heterogenous groups can adapt their behavior to facilitate coherent collective motion.

Using Dbcupe Topology for NoCs

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 2741-2744
Author(s):  
Razieh Mosafaie ◽  
Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Mesh Topology ◽  
Higher Power

In this paper, we introduced dbcube topology for Network-on Chips(NoC). We predicted the dbcube topology has high power and low latency comparing to other topologies, and in particular mesh topology. By using xmulator simulator,we compared power and latency of this topologyto mesh topology. Finally, it is demonstrated that the network has higher power and lower latency than the mesh topology.

Using Linear Superposition to Solve Multiple Heat Source Transient Thermal Problems

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Billings ◽  
Roger P. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Linear Superposition ◽  
Circuit Simulator ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Application Engineer

For many years engineers have been using linear superposition to solve steady state thermal problems with multiple-heat-source systems. Predicting transient response of single-heat-source systems has been performed using R-C Foster networks with reasonable success. In most real applications there are multiple heat sources that are interacting perhaps in very complex ways in the time domain. Being able to simulate these interactions using a spreadsheet tool or a circuit simulator may be very advantageous to a device or application engineer designing or evaluating an application design. Using an RC-network model of a system to represent the individual transient response curves, we’ll show how to do this bookkeeping (and all the other calculations) for a simple system using Microsoft Excel. We’ll also see how to set up this sort of problem in a circuit simulator.

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