New Tanning Agent with Montmorillonite for Leather Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Marukhlenko ◽  
Olena Mokrousova ◽  
Olena Okhmat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

The article is devoted to the investigation of the efficiency of chromium-modified montmorillonite dispersions to stabilize the collagen structure of the dermis. The interaction of modified dispersions of montmorillonite with collagen of the dermis was studied with the use of IR spectroscopic studies method. The high level of absorption of chromium compounds and their reduction by 30 % in the exhaust fluid was found. The use of montmorillonite dispersions provides qualitative formation of the structure of the dermis and physical and mechanical properties, with a reduction of tanning agents’ costs/waste by 16 %.

scholarly journals ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ГОТЕЛЬНИХ МАХРОВИХ РУШНИКІВ

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
А. С. Паршин ◽  
С. І. Арабулі ◽  
А. Т. Арабулі
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Researches

Assessment of the providing level of hotel facilities by quality terry towels based on a comprehensive study of the operational properties of terry textile fabrics. Methodology. Theoretical and experimental researches are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. During experimental studies, modern methods were used to determine the physical and mechanical properties of textile materials, as well as methods of mathematical planning and statistical processing of the experimental results. Results. The state and norms for the provision of hotel facilities in Ukraine with terry towels are given. The assortment of hotel terry towels has been analyzed. The main factors of the formation of a modern assortment of textile materials for hotel terry towels are considered. The focus is on the classic range of double nap terry fabrics for hotel towels. The analyses of the physical and mechanical properties of modern fabrics for hotel towels are present. Indicators characterizing the interaction of textile with liquid moisture have been experimentally determined. The paper presents the results of determining the wear resistance of fabrics after 1, 5 and 10 cycles "wash-ironing". Scientifi c novelty. The data of the physical and mechanical properties of the classic assortment of textile materials for hotel terry towels are systematized. It has been experimentally proven that the assortment of cotton terry textile materials, which is currently available on the Ukrainian market and is used for the manufacture of hotel terry towels, provides a high level of comfort and durability of towels. Practical value. The modern assortment of textile materials for hotel terry towels is analyzed, taking into account the peculiarities of the operational situation of consumption.

Preparation, Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Montmorillonite/Polyethylene Nanocomposites

2006 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pettarin ◽  
Victor Jayme Roget Rodriguez Pita ◽  
Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Díaz ◽  
S. Moschiar ◽  
L. Fasce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Platelet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Organically Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Organically Modified

In this paper, we report the preparation of polyethylene composites with organically modified montmorillonite. Three different Na+-montmorillonites were modified in order to obtain organoclays and two grades of high-density polyethylene were used as composite matrices. All composites were prepared by melt blending, and their physical and mechanical properties were thoroughly characterized. The extent of clay platelet exfoliation in the composites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties under static and impact conditions were evaluated to assess the influence of the reinforcement on the properties of polyethylene.

Stereological Microstructure Description of Structural SiC Ceramics as Composite Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
V. Rumyantsev ◽  
Andrey Osmakov ◽  
S. Boykov ◽  
V. Fishev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Ceramic ◽  
Generalized Equations ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Continuous Component ◽  
Discrete Component ◽  
Sic Ceramics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Composite Ceramic Material

Within unified stereological approach the silicon carbide-based ceramics SiSiC , SSiC, and LPSiC are treated as binary compositions, that despite certain structure ordering differences might be similarly described as comprising topologically continuous component (that provides the high level of physical and mechanical properties), and a discrete component. The paper demonstrates the necessity of using dimensionless criterial parameters for adequate description of the integral microstructure ordering level; said parameters including the characteristics of both continuous and discrete components of the composite ceramic material. Generalized equations are derived for compound stereological parameters of the discussed materials, along with statistically reliable approximations of the strength characteristics as functions of these parameters.

scholarly journals Preparation and Application of Modified Montmorillonite Dispersion for Chrome-less Tanning of Leather

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-300
Author(s):  
Maryna Zhaldak ◽  
Olena Mokrousova
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Consumption ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Aluminum Compound ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Treatment Modification ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Leather Tanning ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
Positively Charged

The properties of modified montmorillonite dispersions for their use in the chrome-less leather tanning method were investigated. It is proposed to modify montmorillonite with aluminum compounds and to combine the obtained dispersions with chromium compounds for leather treatment. Modification of montmorillonite dispersions by aluminum compound within 5.0-7.0% Al2O3 of the weight of the mineral contributes to obtaining the most stable positively charged montmorillonite dispersions. The use of the obtained montmorillonite dispersions is effective for stabilizing the collagen structure and increasing the temperature resistance of collagen. The use of modified montmorillonite dispersions combined with a chromium tanning agent contributes to the introduction of chrome-less tanning. 0.75% of Сr2O3 and 3.0% of modified dispersion of montmorillonite of the weight of the pelts in conversion for mineral weight are considered the optimal consumption of chromium tanning agent.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF LEATHER QUALITY INDICATORS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEATHER RAW MATERIALS WITH THE USE OF MONTMORILONITE

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
MARYNA ZHALDAK ◽  
NINA MEREZHKO ◽  
VICTOR OSYKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
Chromium Sulfate

The tanning process is important in stabilizing the collagen structure of the derma. Сhrome tanning is the traditional option. The basic chromium sulfate is used in the production of 80% of leather in use. A peculiarity of chromium tanning turns out to be an inefficient use of chromium compounds, since almost 40% of tannins remain in wastewater. Considering the disadvantages of using chromium compounds, scientific research on the replacement and use of rather eco-friendlier substances has been conducted for a long time. One of the directions of ecologization of leather manufacturing is the use of modified montmorillonite dispersions in various technological processes such as tanning, filling, dyeing, fat-liquoring, etc. Researches have been aimed at identifying the feasibility of making leather for the uppers of children’s shoes from different types of leather raw materials using modified dispersions of montmorillonite at the stage of tanning. According to the technology of making leather, cattle (medium heifer), goat and sheep skins were used for the upper of the shoes. The analysis of leather quality indicators from different types of raw materials obtained with the use of chromefree tanning. It is proved that hides from raw materials of goats and sheepskins in comparison with cattle are characterized by increased yield area by 3.5-7.2 %, thickness by 0.8-2.6 %, volume yield by 4.5-6.1 % and uniformity of quality indicators in different topographic areas. The level of indicators of physical and mechanical, hygienic properties and chemical composition of leather of different types of raw materials is almost identical within the requirements of regulatory documents. It is advisable to use for children’s shoes leather from raw goat and sheepskin given the peculiarities of the manufacture of children’s shoes, dimensional characteristics of parts, requirements for dimensional stability and shape conservation.

scholarly journals Using TeX Markup Language for 3D and 2D Geological Plotting

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-69
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Lemenkov ◽  
Polina Lemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
Compressibility Coefficient ◽  
High Level ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Logical Data

Abstract The paper presents technical application of TeX high-level, descriptive markup language for processing geological dataset from soil laboratory. Geotechnical measurements included equivalent soil cohesion, absolute and absolute deformation index, soil compressibility coefficient by time of immersion depth, exposure time to compressive strength to samples and physical and mechanical properties (humidity, density). Dataset was received from laboratory based experimental tests of the physical and mechanical properties of soils. Data were converted to csv table and processed by LaTeX. Methodology is based on LaTeX packages: {tikz}, {tikz-3dplot}, {tikzpicture}, {pgfplot}, {filecontetns}, {spy} for 3D plotting showing correlation in variables and descriptive statistical analysis based on the data array processing. Results demonstrated LaTeX scripts and graphics: 2D and 3D scatterplots, ternaries, bar charts, boxplots, zooming techniques detailing fragment of the plot, flowchart. Research novelty consists in technical approach of TeX language application for geo- logical data processing and graphical visualization. Engineering graphics by TeX was demonstrated with screenshots of the codes used for plotting.

FDM-PRINTED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
S.V. Kondrashov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Pykhtin ◽  
S.A. Larionov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
High Level ◽  
Degree Of Filling ◽  
Hot Melt ◽  
Printing Method ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The paper provides an overview of studies carried out in the field of obtaining functional materials the FDM printing method. Data on the influence of the type of polymer matrix, filler composition, and FDM printing technological modes on the functional and physical-mechanical properties of composites are presented. It is shown that the technology of layer-by-layer hot-melt printing makes it possible to obtain polymeric materials with electrical conductivity from 10-2 to 1.4•105 S/m, to increase the thermal conductivity to 0.9 W/(m∙K), and to manufacture magnetoplastics. It is noted that to obtain a high level of functional properties, it is required to use polymer matrices with a degree of filling of 5–75 wt %, which inevitably leads to a significant change in the physical and mechanical properties and heat resistance of the material. Possible directions for further research in this area are indicated.

Effective Wear Resistance Parameters of Ion-Plasma Tribological Coatings

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Kudryakov ◽  
Valery N. Varavka ◽  
Dmitriy S. Manturov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Oxidative Wear ◽  
Maximum Resistance ◽  
Ion Plasma ◽  
Tribological Coatings ◽  
High Level

Comparative studies of wear resistance during dry friction of vacuum ion-plasma coatings of nitride systems TiAlN and CrAlSiN are carried out. The structural parameters, coating thickness, and physical and mechanical properties were chosen as comparison parameters. A fundamental difference in the wear mechanisms of the coatings is demonstrated. In the TiAlN-system coatings develop an oxidative wear mechanism due to their insufficient heat resistance. The CrAlSiN-system coatings have maximum resistance to plastic deformation. And they are wear out according to the fatigue mechanism, which is typical for coatings with a high level of mechanical properties.

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