Tribological and Mechanical Properties Investigations of Post-Consumer Cotton Textiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Abrar Hussain ◽  
Vitali Podgursky ◽  
Dmitri Goljandin ◽  
Mart Viljus ◽  
Maksim Antonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Weft Direction ◽  
Optical Profilometer

In this manuscript surface roughness, coefficient of friction (COF) and tensile properties of a post-consumer cotton fabric are evaluated. Fabric roughness, COF, effective tensile force and breaking force measured by optical profilometer, CETR tribometer and Instron tensile machine, respectively. The results proved that COF could rely on fabric pattern. Moreover, microscopically roughness influences on friction and tensile properties due to surface defects. It was found that increase in roughness of textile cotton relates to increase of number of random directional fibers. These fibers intensify friction and reduce tensile properties. The reduced values of tensile (140.49 N), breaking (123.23 N) and effective tensile force (251.43 N) of warp direction are greater than values of tensile (79.54 N), breaking (67.97 N) and effective tensile force (179.69 N) of weft direction. These effects can lower cutting performance of post-consumer textile.

scholarly journals Effect of cell size on tensile strength and elongation properties of honeycomb weave

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
BILAL ZAHID ◽  
HAFSA JAMSHAID ◽  
RAJPUT ABDUL WAQAR ◽  
YAHYA MOHAMAD FAIZUL ◽  
KHATRI SHAKEEL
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Variable Strength ◽  
Weft Direction

The fabric developed from honeycomb weave is a multilayer fabric having variable strength and elongation. Properties of these structures depend on the cell size of the honeycomb weave. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of cell size on the tensile strength in terms of breaking force and elongation of the honeycomb weave structures. In this paper, three different cell sizes of honeycomb fabrics were created and analysed in both warp and weft direction for its tensile properties. Analysis shows significant results in the warp direction and weft direction of honeycomb fabric.

Polishing Optical Glass by Mechanochemical Machining

2012 ◽  
Vol 236-237 ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Ling Wu ◽  
Hsin Min Lee ◽  
Kai Yu Jheng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Optical Glass ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Slurry Concentration ◽  
Glass Specimen

This study examined the surface defects and surface roughness of optical glass polished by mechanochemical machining. BK7 optical glass material was polished using cerium oxide (CeO2) solutions of different concentrations and temperatures. During machining, the optical glass specimen was placed between the ceramic working ring and the polishing pad. The effects of slurry concentration and temperature, polishing time, rotational speed and axial load on the surface roughness were examined. Significant improvement in surface roughness could be attained by polishing with CeO2 slurry of 95。°C. Both SEM and AFM images of BK7 polished under conditions: slurry concentration, 15%; slurry temperature, 95。C; rotational speed, 40 rpm; axial loading, 6 kg; and polishing time, 8 min show that the optical glass specimen surface had high transmittancy and became smooth with all scratches removed. The best mechanical properties in terms of Young’s modulus of elasticity and hardness were obtained by polishing with CeO2 slurry of 60。C. Although better surface roughness can be attained with further increase in slurry temperature, the enhanced reaction under high slurry temperature undermined the mechanical properties of the glass specimen.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of the Tensile Properties of Painting Canvas

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Penava ◽  
Diana Šimić Penava ◽  
Marijana Tkalec
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Relative Extension

Abstract In this paper, the practical application of uniaxial testing of painting canvas for determining its mechanical properties is presented. Painting canvases have a complex composite structure whose mechanical properties are considerably improved in relation with the initial basic material. Painting canvas or coated fabrics are obtained by applying a certain number of coatings to raw fabrics. Experimental testing and determining mechanical properties of painting canvas under tensile force at different angles in relation to the weft direction are discussed in the paper. The fabrics were tested before coating, as well as after one, two and three coatings. The values of tensile force in relation to relative extension of coated textiles were measured, as well as breaking force values, elongation at break, contraction at break, work to rupture. Based on the experimentally obtained values, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio and the level of anisotropy of the coated textile materials were calculated. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability of theoretical formulae. The number of coated layers on the raw fabric exerts a significant impact on the Poisson’s ratio. The values of breaking force, elongation at break, work to rupture and modulus of elasticity increase with an increase in the number of coated layers, and at the same time coefficient of anisotropy decrease. It has been shown that by increasing the number of coated layers in a coated material, its anisotropic properties decrease, while isotropic properties increase. With an increase in the number of coatings, the differences between experimental and theoretical values of modulus of elasticity decrease.

scholarly journals Influence of Various Gauge Lengths, Root Spacing and Root Numbers on Root Tensile Properties of Herbaceous Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2499-2510
Author(s):  
Chaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
Yating Liu ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Root System ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Power Functions

The mechanical properties of root system play an important role in soil reinforcement by plants. Root tensile properties are affected by many factors. It is necessary to explore the mechanical properties of root system and the influencing factors. In this study, tensile tests were conducted on roots of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad and Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb to study root tensile properties, including maximum tensile force, tensile strength and elastic modulus under the three factors, gauge length (50, 100, 150, and 200 mm), root spacing (0, 1, and 2 cm) and root number (single root, double roots, and triple roots). The results showed that the maximum tensile force, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the roots decreased with increasing gauge length in power functions. Under 100 mm gauge length, the maximum tensile force, tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing root spacing, but the effect of root spacing considered in this study on the maximum tensile force and tensile strength was not significant. Besides, with increasing root number, the maximum tensile force increased, tensile strength, and elastic modulus decreased. These findings stretched our understanding of the relationship between gauge length, root spacing and root number on root tensile characteristics, and provided the necessary data basis for root tensile properties and soil reinforcement by plants.

Studies of Shannon Entropy Evolution due to Self-Organization During the Running-In

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Mortazavi ◽  
Pradeep L. Menezes ◽  
Michael Nosonovsky
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Shannon Entropy ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Optical Profilometer

When frictional sliding is initiated, the coefficient of friction is often high during the initial transient running-in process. After that, the coefficient of friction reaches its stationary value. Running-in is interpreted as friction-induced self-organization stage in that two sliding surfaces adjust to each other due to surface roughness evolution. Shannon entropy was proposed as a surface roughness parameter, and its decrease can be used as a simple test for self-organization. Sliding experiments were conducted on the hard steel plate using a soft Al-Mg alloy pin under both dry and lubricated conditions. Based on the results of the surface profile evolution, obtained by an optical profilometer, during running-in, we discuss change of Shannon entropy for various surface textures. Various textures which are characterized in terms of roughness parameters were produced on the steel plates. We compare how self-organization occurs for different textures during running-in stage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of the Two PVC Conveyor Belts

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Nada Bojic ◽  
Ruzica Nikolic ◽  
Milan Banic ◽  
Branislav Hadzima
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Maximal Extension ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Conveyor Belts

Conveyor belts with woven plastic belts, aimed for general applications, are very economical transporting means for longer distances. During the operation, the conveyor belts are subjected to various mechanical loadings. The consequences of those loadings are increased stretching of the belt and change of its tensile strength, which negatively affect the proper functioning of the transporter. To avoid the irregularities in the conveyor belt's operation, the tensile properties of the two plastic woven belts were tested (maximal force, maximal extension, breaking force and extension at break). In that way the conditions of the two belts were established. Based on performed experiments the belt that is more suitable for application in the transporter was defined.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

MICROCAST-X MAR-M-247

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rupture Properties

Abstract The Microcast-X process produces a substantially finer grain size that improves mechanical properties in MAR-M-247 with modest negative impact on rupture properties above 1600 F (871 C). This datasheet provides information on composition, microstructureand tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on casting. Filing Code: Ni-481. Producer or source: Howmet Corporation.

CONDULOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Beryllium Copper ◽  
Hardening Heat Treatment

Abstract CONDULOY is a low beryllium-copper alloy containing about 1.5% nickel. It responds to age-hardening heat treatment for improved mechanical properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-11. Producer or source: Brush Beryllium Company.

PD-135

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

Abstract PD-135 is an oxygen-free, age-hardenable copper containing chromium and cadmium. It has excellent mechanical properties and high electrical and thermal conductivities. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-261. Producer or source: Phelps Dodge Copper Products Company.

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