scholarly journals Integrated Observing Across the Northwest Atlantic

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Jake Kritzer
Keyword(s):  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Current Systems ◽  
Ocean Observing

Abstract Northwest Atlantic current systems originating off Greenland extend south to the Canadian Maritimes and Northeastern United States, creating oceanographic, ecological, and economic connections that compel integrated ocean observing across the region. For more than a decade, NERACOOS has led development of a robust and responsive ocean observing system for the Northeastern U.S. as part of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON), components of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). That experience, backed by key partnerships that reach into northern latitudes, positions us to build new partnerships toward integration of ocean observing at scale in the Northwest Atlantic. Strategic deployment of observing tools should be tailored to local conditions, with oceanographic models, satellite remote sensing, and data products unifying the system at scale. Indigenous people must be core partners, both as contributors of traditional knowledge and priority communities for capacity development. The diversity and complexity of human, environmental, and data systems calls for application of artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to extract key insights from disparate information sources. Longevity will be promoted by involvement of the private sector to build buy-in, and training of young practitioners to sustain the system into the future.

scholarly journals Data Management and Interactive Visualizations for the Evolving Marine Biodiversity Observation Network

Oceanography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Benson ◽  
◽  
Tylar Murray ◽  
Gabrielle Canonico ◽  
Enrique Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Data Standardization ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Interactive Visualizations ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Processing Flow

Assessing the current state of and predicting change in the ocean’s biological and ecosystem resources requires observations and research to safeguard these valuable public assets. The Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) partnered with the Global Ocean Observing System Biology and Ecosystems Panel and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System to address these needs through collaboration, data standardization, and data sharing. Here, we describe the generalized MBON data processing flow, which includes several steps to ensure that data are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. By following this flow, data collected and managed by MBON have contributed to our understanding of the Global Ocean Observing System Essential Ocean Variables and demonstrated the value of web-based, interactive tools to explore and better understand environmental change. Although the MBON’s generalized data processing flow is already in practice, work remains in building ontologies for biological concepts, improving processing scripts for data standardization, and speeding up the data collection-to-sharing timeframe.

scholarly journals Technological Trends and Significance of the Essential Ocean Variables by the Indian Moored Observatories: Relevance to UN Decade of Ocean Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Ramasamy Venkatesan ◽  
Manickavasagam Arul Muthiah ◽  
Narayanaswamy Vedachalam ◽  
Gopal Vengatesan ◽  
Krishnamoorthy Ramesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Ocean Observing

Abstract The ocean plays a key role in regulating the climate as well as supporting diverse ecosystems. Technology is the key for the sustained and precise in-situ spatio-temporal measurements of the physical, biological, biogeochemical, and near-atmospheric meteorological parameters essential for carrying out effective assessments of the status, variability, and change in the ocean ecosystems and for creating policies at the right time. The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021‐2030 provides a timeframe to build a comprehensive, sustainable, and data-based informed decision-making global ocean observing system. This demands global-scale investigations, trans-disciplinary science, and mechanisms to integrate and distribute data that otherwise would appear to be disparate. The essential ocean variables (EOVs) conceptualized by the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) of UNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission guide observation of the ocean. In order to achieve the goal of UN Decade envisaged and to have an Earth System approach under the World Meteorological Organization reforms, it is imperative to address globally and nationally relevant indicators and assessments, which require increased sharing of data and analytical methods, sustained long-term and large-scale observations, and resources dedicated to these tasks. Technology for observing the ocean is important, which is not addressed in detail in the recent past. In this paper we provide a comprehensive overview of Sensor versus Essential Ocean Variable from our experience in sustained 25 years of moored ocean observation network and collaborating with institutions and experts in the United States and GOOS. An attempt has been made to furnish an overview for any group or nation to start or sustain an observation network using EOVs with guiding principles of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable data that is targeted to deliver essential information needed for sustainable development and protecting ocean health.

scholarly journals Coastal Ocean Observing and Modeling Systems in Brazil: Initiatives and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Franz ◽  
Carlos A. E. Garcia ◽  
Janini Pereira ◽  
Luiz Paulo de Freitas Assad ◽  
Marcelo Rollnic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Ocean Observing

Coastal ocean observing and modeling systems (coastal observatories), connected with regional and global ocean systems, improve the quality of information and forecasts for effective management of safe and sustainable maritime activities. The public availability of systematic and long-term information of the ocean is an engine for the Blue Economy, boosting economic growth, employment, and innovation. An overview of some Brazilian initiatives is presented in this paper, involving universities, private companies, federal and state agencies, covering institutions from south to north of Brazil. Although these initiatives focus mainly on ocean physics, integrated efforts can extend the scope to include biogeochemistry and marine biodiversity, helping to address interdisciplinary problems. Existing initiatives can be connected, and new ones fostered, to fill in the gaps of temporal and spatial coverage of ocean monitoring in the vast oceanic area under Brazilian jurisdiction (nationally referred to as the Blue Amazon, in reference to the similar richness of the Amazon Forest). The alignment among national and regional initiatives, as well as with international programs, can be promoted if coordinated by a national-level organization, maximizing the return of public investment and socioeconomic benefits. In light of international examples, possible future institutional arrangements are discussed, leveraging from existing national public policies and international cooperation that Brazil is taking part. The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development is a timely opportunity to encourage an institutional arrangement to support and articulate an integrated network of coastal observatories in Brazil.

scholarly journals Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON): An Observing System for Life in the Sea

Oceanography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Francisco Chavez ◽  
◽  
Robert Miller ◽  
Frank Muller-Karger ◽  
Katrin Iken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Ecological Understanding ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Life in the sea provides immense benefits to humans, from the food we eat to the air we breathe to the climate we live in. And because of human activities, the once seemingly vast and inexhaustible seas are changing—increasingly threatened by global-scale impacts, such as warming and acidification, as well as those that are more localized, like overfishing and pollution. Meanwhile, many of the species that live in the sea remain unknown. Even for the known species, our understanding of their roles in the ecosystem is still limited. Now more than ever, increased observation of life in the sea is required to find and describe unknown species, observe shifts in species abundance and distribution, identify adaptability and resilience to climate change, and understand vital roles that species play in our marine systems. New and emerging technologies promise to enable observation over the required temporal and spatial scales. And emerging data systems will allow development of critical ecological understanding, while informing responsible use of marine natural resources. This will lead to continued, sustainable ecosystem services and the benefits we derive from them, benefits that are only possible through conserving biodiversity and managing human actions wisely.

scholarly journals Boundary Ocean Observation Network for the Global South

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Christopher E Ordoñez ◽  
John A. Barth ◽  
Moninya Roughan
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Global South ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Ocean Observing

Abstract The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development should establish a Boundary Ocean Observing Network (BOON) for the Global South (GS). The BOON is part of the OceanGlider Program, which is part of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The BOON is a network of established timeseries transects collecting long-term data sets. Timeseries are critical for making immediate operational decisions and for identifying long-term trends of anthropogenic global environmental change. The network has proven important enough to continue observations and expand them. Due to resource and expertise limitations, expanded locations are in similar locations. The UN should build on this success and establish a BOON for the Global South. The same benefits will be garnered by countries and regions that have been missing out. Increased observation coverage will benefit humanity, improving understanding of the Ocean-Climate System, e.g. leading to improved climate prediction models. The UN will facilitate activities to realize a BOON for the Global South including: coordinating local scientists, partnering scientific and technical experts with local scientists, identifying new affordable and easy-to-operate technologies, channeling funds for initial and ongoing costs, and building a framework to continue the BOON-GS long after the Ocean Science Decade.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OCEANOGRAPHIC MODELING AND OBSERVATION NETWORK (REMO) FOR PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY STUDIES AND OCEAN FORECASTING

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Moreira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Ocean Forecasting

This paper is concerned with the planning, implementation and some results of the Oceanographic Modeling and Observation Network, named REMO, for Brazilian regional waters. Ocean forecasting has been an important scientific issue over the last decade due to studies related to climate change as well as applications related to short-range oceanic forecasts. The South Atlantic Ocean has a deficit of oceanographic measurements when compared to other ocean basins such as the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. It is a challenge to design an ocean forecasting system for a region with poor observational coverage of in-situ data. Fortunately, most ocean forecasting systems heavily rely on the assimilation of surface fields such as sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) or sea surface temperature (SST), acquired by environmental satellites, that can accurately provide information that constrain major surface current systems and their mesoscale activity. An integrated approach is proposed here in which the large scale circulation in the Atlantic Ocean is modeled in a first step, and gradually nested into higher resolution regional models that are able to resolve important processes such as the Brazil Current and associated mesoscale variability, continental shelf waves, local and remote wind forcing, and others. This article presents the overall strategy to develop the models using a network of Brazilian institutions and their related expertise along with international collaboration. This work has some similarity with goals of the international project Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment OceanView (GODAE OceanView).

scholarly journals Consistency of the current global ocean observing systems from an Argo perspective

Ocean Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. von Schuckmann ◽  
J.-B. Sallée ◽  
D. Chambers ◽  
P.-Y. Le Traon ◽  
C. Cabanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Steric Sea Level ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Ocean Observing Systems ◽  
Observing Systems

Abstract. Variations in the world's ocean heat storage and its associated volume changes are a key factor to gauge global warming and to assess the earth's energy and sea level budget. Estimating global ocean heat content (GOHC) and global steric sea level (GSSL) with temperature/salinity data from the Argo network reveals a positive change of 0.5 ± 0.1 W m−2 (applied to the surface area of the ocean) and 0.5 ± 0.1 mm year−1 during the years 2005 to 2012, averaged between 60° S and 60° N and the 10–1500 m depth layer. In this study, we present an intercomparison of three global ocean observing systems: the Argo network, satellite gravimetry from GRACE and satellite altimetry. Their consistency is investigated from an Argo perspective at global and regional scales during the period 2005–2010. Although we can close the recent global ocean sea level budget within uncertainties, sampling inconsistencies need to be corrected for an accurate global budget due to systematic biases in GOHC and GSSL in the Tropical Ocean. Our findings show that the area around the Tropical Asian Archipelago (TAA) is important to closing the global sea level budget on interannual to decadal timescales, pointing out that the steric estimate from Argo is biased low, as the current mapping methods are insufficient to recover the steric signal in the TAA region. Both the large regional variability and the uncertainties in the current observing system prevent us from extracting indirect information regarding deep-ocean changes. This emphasizes the importance of continuing sustained effort in measuring the deep ocean from ship platforms and by beginning a much needed automated deep-Argo network.

scholarly journals Amelioration of marine environments at the Smithian–Spathian boundary, Early Triassic

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1597-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
L. Zhao ◽  
Z.-Q. Chen ◽  
T. J. Algeo ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Sulfur Isotopes ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Organic Carbon Burial ◽  
Climatic Cooling

Abstract. The protracted recovery of marine ecosystems following the Permian–Triassic mass extinction may have been caused, in part, by episodic environmental and climatic crises during the Early Triassic, among which the Smithian–Spathian boundary (SSB) event is conspicuous. Here, we investigate the SSB event in the Shitouzhai section, Guizhou Province, South China, using a combination of carbonate carbon (δ13Ccarb) and carbonate-associated sulfate sulfur isotopes (δ34SCAS), rare earth elements, and elemental paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies. The SSB at Shitouzhai is characterized by a +4‰ shift in δ13Ccarb and a −10 to −15‰ shift in δ34SCAS, recording negative covariation that diverges from the positive δ13Ccarb−δ34SCAS covariation that characterizes most of the Early Triassic. This pattern is inferred to reflect an increase in organic carbon burial (e.g., due to elevated marine productivity) concurrently with the oxidation of isotopically light H2S, as the result of enhanced vertical advection of nutrient- and sulfide-rich deep waters to the ocean-surface layer. Enhanced upwelling was likely a response to climatic cooling and the reinvigoration of global-ocean overturning circulation at the SSB. Coeval decreases in chemical weathering intensity and detrital sediment flux at Shitouzhai are also consistent with climatic cooling. A decline in marine biodiversity was probably associated with the late Smithian thermal maximum (LSTM) rather than with the SSB per se. The SSB thus marked the termination of the extreme hothouse conditions of the Griesbachian–Smithian substages of the Early Triassic and is significant as a record of accompanying climatic, environmental, and biotic changes. The ultimate cause of the SSB event is uncertain but may have been related to a reduction in intrusive magmatic activity in the Siberian Traps large igneous province.

scholarly journals Dake Chen: unraveling the secrets of ocean–climate interaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
National Strategic Plan ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Ocean Observing

Abstract The ocean is a complex and mysterious system that attracts scientists around the world to unravel its secrets. Dake Chen, a distinguished physical oceanographer and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is one of them. Since the mid-1980s, he has been studying ocean dynamics and ocean–atmosphere interaction, and has made seminal contributions to the understanding and prediction of short-term climate variability, especially the El Niño phenomenon. In a recent interview with NSR, Professor Dake Chen says that China has made significant progress in recent years in ocean research, but, in order to make breakthroughs in the field of oceanography, China needs to further expand the scope of research programs from coastal seas to open oceans, to greatly increase the investment in global ocean-observing systems and to pay more attention to fundamental scientific problems in addition to practical applications. He also calls for a better-defined national strategic plan for ocean science and technology.

scholarly journals Toward the widespread application of low-cost technologies in coastal ocean observing (Internet of Things for the Ocean)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO MARCELLI ◽  
VIVIANA PIERMATTEI ◽  
RICCARDO GERIN ◽  
FABIO BRUNETTI ◽  
ERMANNO PIETROSEMOLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Ocean Observing

The ability to access user-friendly, low-cost instrumentation remains a limiting factor in coastal ocean observing. The majority of currently available marine observation equipment is difficult to deploy, costly to operate, and requires specific technical skills. Moreover, a harmonized observation program for the world’s coastal waters has not yet been established despite the efforts of the global ocean organizations. Global observational systems are mainly focused on open ocean waters and do not include coastal and shelf areas, where models and satellites require large data sets for their calibration and validation. Fortunately, recent technological advances have created opportunities to improve sensors, platforms, and communications that will enable a step-change in coastal ocean observing, which will be driven by a decreasing cost of the components, the availability of cheap housing, low-cost controller/data loggers based on embedded systems, and low/no subscription costs for LPWAN communication systems. Considering the above necessities and opportunities, POGO’s OpenMODs project identified a series of general needs/requirements to be met in an Open science development framework. In order to satisfy monitoring and research necessities, the sensors to be implemented must be easily interfaced with the data acquisition and transmission system, as well as compliant with accuracy and stability requirements. Here we propose an approach to co-design a cost-effective observing modular instrument architecture based on available low-cost measurement and data transmission technologies, able to be mounted/operated on various platforms. This instrument can fit the needs of a large community that includes scientific research (including those in developing countries), non-scientific stakeholders, and educators.

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